Resumo A política de colonização interna no Brasil pós-Independência foi continuamente acionada e transformada ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX a fim de controlar populações insubmissas e territórios. A partir da análise bibliográfica e documental de um conjunto de projetos e experiências de colonização foi possível reconstruir o quadro interpretativo desta política, dando ênfase ao período da ditadura empresarial-militar e ao seu sentido de transformação do campesinato em classe média rural. Buscou-se identificar os principais elementos que constituem esse estrato, suas características e expectativas com base no conjunto de valores, interesses e pressupostos do complexo tecno-empresarial-militar a partir da política de colonização em sua formação. As continuidades e reconfigurações desta política nos permitem afirmar que colonizar é o verbo oculto do tratamento dado à questão agrária nacional. pósIndependência pós Independência territórios empresarialmilitar empresarial militar rural Buscouse Buscou se estrato valores tecnoempresarialmilitar tecno formação nacional

Resumen La política de colonización interna en el Brasil posterior a la independencia se activó y transformó continuamente a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX con el fin de controlar a las poblaciones y territorios insumisos. A partir de un análisis bibliográfico y documental de una serie de proyectos y experiencias de colonización, fue posible reconstruir el marco interpretativo de esta política, haciendo hincapié en el periodo de la dictadura empresarial-militar y su transformación del campesinado en clase media rural. Se buscó identificar los principales elementos que componen este estrato, sus características y expectativas, con base en el conjunto de valores, intereses y supuestos del complejo tecno-empresarial-militar desde la política de colonización en su formación. Las continuidades y reconfiguraciones de esta política nos permiten afirmar que la colonización es el verbo oculto en el tratamiento de la cuestión agraria nacional. insumisos empresarialmilitar empresarial militar rural estrato expectativas valores tecnoempresarialmilitar tecno formación nacional

Résumé La politique de colonisation interne au Brésil après l’Indépendance a été continuellement activée et transformée au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles afin de contrôler les populations insoumises et les territoires. À partir de l’analyse bibliographique et documentaire d’un ensemble de projets et d’expériences de colonisation, il a été possible de reconstruire le cadre interprétatif de cette politique, en mettant l’accent sur la période de la dictature entreprise-militaire et sur son sens de transformation des paysans en classe moyenne rurale. Nous avons cherché à identifier les principaux éléments constitutifs de cette couche sociale, ses caractéristiques et ses attentes en fonction de l’ensemble des valeurs, intérêts et présupposés du complexe techno-entreprise-militaire à partir de la politique de colonisation dans sa formation. Les continuités et reconfigurations de cette politique nous permettent d’affirmer que coloniser est le verbe caché dans le traitement de la question agraire nationale. lIndépendance l Indépendance territoires lanalyse analyse dun d un dexpériences expériences laccent accent entreprisemilitaire entreprise militaire rurale sociale lensemble valeurs technoentreprisemilitaire techno formation daffirmer affirmer nationale

Abstract The internal colonization policy in post-Independence Brazil was continuously activated and transformed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in order to control unsubmissive populations and territories. From the bibliographic and documentary analysis of a set of colonization projects and experiences, it was possible to reconstruct the interpretative framework of this policy, emphasizing the period of the corporate-military dictatorship and its meaning of transformation of the traditional peasantry into the rural middle class. We sought to identify the main elements that constitute this stratum, its characteristics and expectations based on the set of values, interests and assumptions of the techno-corporate-military complex, highlighting the role of the colonization policy in its formation. The continuities and reconfigurations of this policy allow us to state that talking about colonizing while it is the hidden verb of the treatment given to the national agrarian question. postIndependence post Independence th territories experiences corporatemilitary corporate military class stratum values technocorporatemilitary techno complex formation question

ABSTRACT The control of the behavior of the perception of tiredness throughout the training macrocycle in decathletes constitutes an indicator for the assessment of the process of psychophysical assimilation of the work carried out according to the stage of the training macrocycle through which the athlete goes. However, insufficient knowledge on the subject in the decathlon has limited the use of this indicator in the psychological control of preparation in this sport. The objective of this work is to determine the behavior of the perception of tiredness in the different stages of the training macrocycle, in tiredness of the Cuban national athletics team. It is a descriptive study, in which the interview is applied for an initial diagnosis and the Borg Scale (modified) to measure the perception of tiredness. 416 measurements of the perception of tiredness were carried out during the stages of general, special and competitive physical preparation. As the main results, the perception of tiredness increased in the general physical preparation stage by a magnitude of 3.48, in the special stage by 3.43 and in the competitive stage by 2.56. The perception of tiredness in the decathletes studied increased significantly after the training loads in each of the stages studied and decreased as the training macrocycle progressed. The competitive stage turned out to be the one with the least perceived pre- and post-load tiredness, and the general physical preparation stage was the one with the greatest increase in this process.

RESUMEN El control del comportamiento de la percepción de cansancio a lo largo del macrociclo de entrenamiento en decatlonistas constituye un indicador para la valoración del proceso de asimilación psicofísica del trabajo realizado acorde a la etapa del macrociclo de entrenamiento por la que transita el atleta. Sin embargo, el insuficiente conocimiento sobre el tema en el decatlón ha limitado el uso de este indicador en el control psicológico de la preparación en este deporte. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en determinar el comportamiento de la percepción de cansancio en las diferentes etapas del macrociclo de entrenamiento, en decatlonistas de la selección nacional de atletismo de Cuba. Es un estudio descriptivo, en el que se aplica la entrevista para un diagnóstico inicial y la Escala de Borg (modificada), para la medición de la percepción de cansancio. Fueron realizadas 416 mediciones de la percepción de cansancio, durante las etapas de preparación física, general, especial y competitiva. Como principales resultados, la percepción de cansancio aumentó en la etapa de preparación física general en una magnitud de 3.48, en la etapa especial en un 3.43 y en la competitiva en un 2.56. La percepción de cansancio en los decatlonistas estudiados aumentó, significativamente, posterior a las cargas de entrenamiento en cada una de las etapas estudiadas y disminuyó, a medida que avanzó el macrociclo de entrenamiento. La etapa competitiva resultó ser aquella de menor cansancio percibido pre- y poscarga, y la de preparación física general, la de mayor aumento en este proceso.

RESUMO O controle do comportamento da percepção da fadiga ao longo do macrociclo de treinamento em decatletas constitui um indicador para a avaliação do processo de assimilação psicofísica do trabalho realizado de acordo com a etapa do macrociclo de treinamento pela qual o atleta passa. Contudo, o conhecimento insuficiente sobre o tema no decatlo tem limitado a utilização deste indicador no controle psicológico da preparação neste esporte. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar o comportamento da percepção da fadiga nas diferentes etapas do macrociclo de treinamento, em decatlonistas da seleção cubana de atletismo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, no qual é aplicada a entrevista para diagnóstico inicial e a Escala de Borg (modificada) para mensurar a percepção de fadiga. Foram realizadas 416 medidas de percepção de fadiga durante as etapas de preparação física, geral, especial e competitiva. Como principais resultados, a percepção de fadiga aumentou na etapa de preparação física geral em uma magnitude de 3,48, na etapa especial em 3,43 e na etapa competitiva em 2,56. A percepção de fadiga no decatleta estudado aumentou significativamente após as cargas de treinamento em cada uma das etapas estudadas e diminuiu à medida que o macrociclo de treinamento avançava. A etapa competitiva acabou sendo a que apresentou menor fadiga percebida pré e pós-carga, e a etapa de preparação física geral, a que apresentou maior aumento nesse processo.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of chlorhexidine in its different formats in the prevention of dry socket after dental extraction. The electronic search was performed using keywords and MeSH terms in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, until 2021. The reviewers independently performed the analysis of the articles. The initial search resulted in 192 articles. 59 duplicate articles were discarded, and an initial general review of titles and abstracts was performed, verifying that the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria were met. Of 192 studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 25 articles, 10 included patients with risk factors associated with dry socket. Regarding the site of dental extraction, 19 articles included patients with mandibular third molars. Within the filtered articles, three formats of chlorhexidine were used: rinse, bioadhesive gel and irrigant, in different concentrations, and compared with different placebo groups. Of the included studies, 18 reported that chlorhexidine in its different formats provided a decrease in the incidence of dry socket versus the control group. The use of chlorhexidine in its different formats after dental extraction, is highly effective in preventing dry socket. However, we infer that new research lines are needed that include patients with associated risk factors, and studies that do not use complementary therapies.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el rol de la clorhexidina en sus diferentes formatos en la prevención de la alveolitis seca posterior a la extracción dental. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. hasta el año 2021. Dos revisores de forma independiente realizaron el análisis de los artículos. La búsqueda inicial dio como resultado 192 artículos. Se descartaron 59 artículos duplicados y se realizó una revisión general inicial de títulos y resúmenes, verificando que se cumplan los criterios de inclusión y exclusión preestablecidos. De 192 estudios, 25 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De los 25 artículos, 10 incluyeron pacientes con factores de riesgo asociados a alveolitis seca. Respecto al sitio de extracción dental, 19 artículos incluyeron pacientes con terceros molares mandibulares. Dentro de los artículos filtrados se utilizaron tres formatos de clorhexidina: enjuague, gel bioadhesivo e irrigante; estos en diferentes concentraciones, y comparadas con distintos grupos placebos. De los estudios incluidos, 18 informaron que la clorhexidina en sus diferentes formatos proporcionaba disminución en la incidencia de alveolitis seca versus el grupo control. El uso de clorhexidina en sus diferentes formatos después de la extracción dental es altamente efectivo en la prevención de la alveolitis seca. Sin embargo, inferimos que se necesitan nuevas líneas investigativas que incluyan pacientes con factores de riesgo asociados, y estudios que no utilicen terapias complementarias, puesto que, estos factores pueden conducir a confusión en los resultados obtenidos.

ABSTRACT Background: Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death in Argentina. The prevailing form of presentation is myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by insufficient blood perfusion, cell death and loss of contractile mass. The evolution of ventricular remodeling causes ventricular dilation, hemodynamic impairment, heart failure, and decreased survival. The oxidative stress occurring during this process could be attenuated by the administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) through increased glutathione levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NAC administration on post-MI remodeling. Methods: New Zealand rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: Control, MI and MI+NAC. A left thoracotomy was performed under general anesthesia, and in the MI groups a branch of the left coronary artery was ligated. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic and morphological studies of the left ventricle were performed at the end of the 28-day post infarction follow-up period. Results: In the MI and MI+NAC groups, the infarcts were located in the left ventricular free wall and had similar sizes. The administration of NAC prevented non-infarcted area thinning and decreased the dilation caused by the infarction. It also preserved left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, attenuating the impairment that they suffered as a consequence of the infarction. Conclusion: These results suggest that NAC administration is a promising therapy to mitigate the unfavorable effects of post-MI remodeling.

RESUMEN Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es la principal causa de muerte en la República Argentina. La forma de presentación que prevalece es el infarto de miocardio (IM), caracterizado por insuficiente perfusión sanguínea, muerte celular y pérdida de masa contráctil. La evolución del remodelado ventricular provoca dilatación ventricular, deterioro hemodinámico, insuficiencia cardíaca y disminución de la sobrevida. Durante este proceso existe un estrés oxidativo miocárdico que podría ser atenuado mediante la administración de N-acetil cisteína (NAC), a través de un aumento de los niveles de glutatión. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la NAC sobre el remodelado post IM. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron durante 28 días conejos neozelandeses en tres grupos experimentales: Control, IM e IM+NAC. Bajo anestesia general se realizó una toracotomía izquierda y, en los grupos con IM, ligadura de una rama de la coronaria izquierda. Al finalizar el período de seguimiento posterior al infarto, se realizaron estudios ecocardiográficos, hemodinámicos y morfológicos del ventrículo izquierdo (VI). Resultados: En los grupos IM e IM+NAC los infartos estaban ubicados en la pared libre del VI y tuvieron tamaños similares. La administración de NAC evitó el adelgazamiento de la zona no infartada y disminuyó la dilatación provocada por el infarto. También pudo observarse que preservó las funciones sistólica y diastólica del VI, con atenuación del deterioro que las mismas sufrieron como consecuencia del infarto. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que la administración de NAC es una terapéutica promisoria para mitigar los efectos desfavorables del remodelado post IM.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions after a cholecystectomy. Methods: We conducted a case–control study, with data obtained from UC-Christus from Santiago, Chile. All patients who underwent a cholecystectomy between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in the study. We identified all patients readmitted after a cholecystectomy and compared them with a randomized control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. Results: Of the 4866 cholecystectomies performed between 2015 and 2019, 79 patients presented 30-day hospital readmission after the surgical procedure (1.6%). We identified as risk factors for readmission in the univariate analysis the presence of a solid tumor at the moment of cholecystectomy (OR = 7.58), high pre-operative direct bilirubin (OR = 2.52), high pre-operative alkaline phosphatase (OR = 3.25), emergency admission (OR = 2.04), choledocholithiasis on admission (OR = 4.34), additional surgical procedure during the cholecystectomy (OR = 4.12), and post-operative complications. In the multivariate analysis, the performance of an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was statistically significant (OR = 4.24). Conclusion: Performing an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was identified as a risk factor associated with 30-day hospital readmission.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados al reingreso hospitalario en los primeros 30 días post colecistectomía. Métodos: Estudio de casos-controles con datos obtenidos del Hospital Clínico de la UC-Christus, Santiago, Chile. Se incluyeron las colecistectomías realizadas entre los años 2015-2019. Se consideraron como casos aquellos pacientes que reingresaron en los 30 primeros días posterior a una colecistectomía. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado de diferentes posibles factores de riesgo. Resultados: De un total de 4866 colecistectomías, 79 pacientes presentaron reingreso hospitalario. Los resultados estadísticamente significativos en el análisis univariado fueron; tumor sólido al momento de la colecistectomía (OR = 7.58) bilirrubina directa preoperatoria alterada (OR = 2.52), fosfatasa alcalina preoperatoria alterada (OR = 3.25), ingreso de urgencia (OR = 2.04), coledocolitiasis al ingreso (OR = 4.34) realización de otros procedimientos (OR = 4.12) y complicaciones postoperatorias. En el análisis multivariado sólo la realización de otro procedimiento durante la colecistectomía fue estadísticamente significativa (OR = 4.24). Conclusión: La realización de otros procedimientos durante la colecistectomía es un factor de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario en los 30 días posteriores a la colecistectomía.

Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female’s weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Resumen Introducción : El proyecto de fortalecimiento en Vigi lancia Epidemiológica en Tuberculosis (VET) del Hospital Muñiz, Buenos Aires (Argentina), busca mejorar los re sultados operacionales relacionados en mayor medida al diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, estableciendo como objetivo la identificación oportuna de personas enfermas de tuberculosis (TB) que consultan posterior a la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos : Se realizó un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas): una herramien ta esencial en la planeación estratégica, que proporciona información necesaria para la implementación de accio nes y medidas correctivas, generación de nuevos pro yectos de mejora, donde se evaluó la situación interna de la institución para determinar las FODA presentadas después de la pandemia COVID-19, a fin de desarrollar un fortalecimiento en VET, mediante vigilancia epide miológica de campo. Resultados : Se cuenta con personal capacitado, posi bilidad de diagnóstico precoz y control oportuno, gene rado desde la Unidad Febril de Urgencias. El servicio de guardia presenta adecuado control de la población con TB, que posibilita la coordinación y trabajo en conjunto con otros programas ministeriales. Existe capacidad de respuesta de la institución ante los brotes, epidemias y pandemias. Discusión : La aplicación de este proyecto incorporará una actividad de fortalecimiento en vigilancia epidemio lógica, donde el Hospital Muñiz, mediante el abordaje integral y la identificación de casos nuevos de respuesta a las necesidades de la población con TB. Se proporcio nará así información válida y confiable para la preven ción y control de la TB en la institución después de la pandemia por COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction : The Hospital Muñiz’s “Strengthening Epidemiological Surveillance in Tuberculosis (VET) Proj ect” is focused on improving operational outcomes, spe cifically by enhancing early TB diagnosis. Our primary aim is to promptly identify individuals with tuberculo sis (TB) who seek care at our institution following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was carried out. It is an essential tool in strategic planning, which provides information for the implementation of actions and corrective measures in the generation of new improvement projects. The internal situation of the institution was evaluated to determine SWOT after the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to strengthen VET, through field epidemiological surveillance. Results : There are trained personnel, the possibility of early diagnosis and its opportune control generated from the Febrile Emergency Unit. The on-call service has an adequate control of the TB population that enables coordination and joint work with other programs (HIV), response capacity of the institution to outbreaks, epi demics and pandemics. Discussion : The application of this project will in corporate a strengthening activity in epidemiological surveillance, where the Muñiz Hospital, through a com prehensive approach and the identification of new cases, responds to the needs of the local population with TB. This will provide valid and reliable information for the prevention and control of TB in the institution after the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the cryoprotectant efficacy of dimethylacetamide (DMA) and ethylene glycol in a one-step protocol to freeze boar sperm. The sperm-rich portion of the ejaculates from two boars were collected once a week, for 10 weeks. After collection, the ejaculates were diluted (1:1; v/v) in the cooling extender. After determining their spermatozoa concentration, the ejaculates were pooled with the same number of spermatozoa from each boar and stabilized at 20°C for 120 min. Distinct cryoprotectants were added to the cooling extender at 20 °C, at different concentrations, composing six treatments: 1.25% and 2.5% glycerol (control); 1.25% and 2.5% ethylene glycol; 2.5% and 5.0% DMA. The samples were stored in 0.25 mL straws, containing 35 × 106 spermatozoa. After 90 min at 20 °C, the straws were submitted to a cooling curve until 5 °C (0.3 to 0.5 °C/min) and kept at 5°C for 60 min. Freezing was conducted by placing the straws horizontally 5 cm above the liquid nitrogen for 10 min, followed by immersion on liquid nitrogen. After thawing at 37 °C for 30 seconds, sperm quality was evaluated through a computer-assisted semen analysis system and flow cytometry. Sperm motility was greater (P< 0.05) in treatments with 5.0% and 2.5% DMA (22.2 ± 2.6% and 20.0 ± 2.8%, respectively) than in treatment with 2.5% ethylene glycol (8.2 ± 1.0%). The integrity of the plasma membrane (P = 0.08) and mitochondrial membrane potential (P = 0.27) was similar among the treatments. The treatment with 2.5% ethylene glycol was the least efficient to maintain intact acrosome membrane (P< 0.01). Some kinetics parameters (DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL e ALH) were positively affected by 5.0% DMA. The one-step freezing protocol resulted in unsatisfactory boar sperm motility after thawing, regardless of the cryoprotectant. ABSTRACT (DMA onestep one step spermrich rich week 1 weeks collection 11 (1:1 v/v vv v concentration 20C C 12 2 concentrations 125 25 1.25 2.5 control (control) 50 0 5.0 025 0.2 3 9 0.3 03 (0. 05 0. °C/min Cmin 5C 6 seconds computerassisted computer assisted cytometry P< P 0.05 005 22.2 222 22 (22. 26 2.6 200 20. 28 8 2.8% respectively 8.2 82 (8. 1.0%. 1.0% . 1.0%) 0.08 008 08 0.27 027 27 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) DAP, DAP (DAP DCL DSL VAP VCL ALH (1: 1.2 2. (control 5. 02 (0 0.0 00 22. (22 2.8 8. (8 1.0 (1 1. ( (2

RESUMO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo one-step de congelamento do sêmen suíno utilizando dimetilacetamida (DMA) e etilenoglicol como crioprotetores. Durante 10 semanas, a fração rica dos ejaculados de dois machos suínos foram coletados, uma vez por semana. Após a coleta, os ejaculados foram diluídos (1:1; v/v) no diluidor de resfriamento. Após a avaliação da concentração espermática, os ejaculados foram agrupados em um pool com o mesmo número de espermatozoides de cada macho e estabilizados a 20 °C por 120 min. Os criopropetores foram adicionados ao diluidor de congelamento a 20 °C, em diferentes concentrações, compondo seis tratamentos: glicerol (controle), 1,25% e 2,5%; etilenoglicol, 1,5% e 2,5%; e DMA, 2,5% e 5,0%. As amostras foram armazendadas em palhetas de 0,25 mL contendo 35 x 106 espermatozoides. Após 90 min a 20 °C as palhetas foram submetidas a uma curva de resfriamento até 5 °C (0,3 a 0,5 °C/mim) e mantidas a 5 °C por 60 min. O congelamento foi realizado a partir da colocação das palhetas horizontalmente a 5 cm acima do nitrogênio líquido por 10 min, com sua posterior imersão no nitrogênio líquido. Após o descongelamento a 37 °C por 30 segundos a qualidade espermática foi avaliada através de um sistema computadorizado e por citometria de fluxo. A motilidade espermática foi maior (P < 0,05) nos tratamentos com 5,0% e 2,5% DMA (22,2 ± 2,6% e 20,0 ± 2,8%, respectivamente) do que no tratamento com 2,5% etilenoglicol (8,2 ± 1,0%). A integridade da membrana plasmática (P = 0,08) e potencial de membrana mitocondrial (P = 0,27) foi similar entre os tratamentos. O tratamento com 2,5% de etilenoglicol foi menos eficiente em manter membrana acrossomal intacta (P< 0,01). Alguns parâmetros de cinética espermática (DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL e ALH) foram afetados positivamente pelo uso de DMA a 5.0%. O protocolo simplificado para congelamento de sêmen suíno resultou em motilidade espermática insatifatória após o descongelamento, independente do crioprotetor utilizado. RESUMO onestep one step (DMA crioprotetores 1 semanas coletados semana coleta 11 (1:1 v/v vv v 2 C 12 concentrações controle, controle , (controle) 125 25 1,25 15 1,5 2,5 50 0 025 0,2 3 9 0,3 03 (0, 05 0, °C/mim Cmim mim 6 fluxo P 0,05 005 5,0 22,2 222 22 (22, 26 2,6 200 20, 28 8 2,8% respectivamente 8,2 82 (8, 1,0%. 1,0% . 1,0%) 0,08 008 08 0,27 027 27 P< 0,01. 001 0,01 01 0,01) DAP, DAP (DAP DCL DSL VAP VCL ALH 5.0% utilizado (1: (controle 1,2 1, 2, 02 (0 0,0 00 5, 22, (22 2,8 8, (8 1,0 5.0 (1 ( (2 5.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to report an experiment designed to determine anatomical changes in porcine corneas following placement of a novel polymer implant into the cornea. Methods: An ex vivo porcine eye model was used. A novel type I collagen-based vitrigel implant (6 mm in diameter) was shaped with an excimer laser on the posterior surface to create three planoconcave shapes. Implants were inserted into a manually dissected stromal pocket at a depth of approximately 200 μm. Three treatment groups were defined: group A (n=3), maximal ablation depth 70 μm; Group B (n=3), maximal ablation depth 64 μm; and group C (n=3), maximal ablation depth 104 μm, with a central hole. A control group (D, n=3) was included, in which a stromal pocket was created but biomaterial was not inserted. Eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal tomography. Results: Corneal tomography showed a trend for a decreased mean keratometry in all four groups. Optical coherence tomography showed corneas with implants placed within the anterior stroma and visible flattening, whereas the corneas in the control group did not qualitatively change shape. Conclusions: The novel planoconcave biomaterial implant described herein could reshape the cornea in an ex vivo model, resulting in the flattening of the cornea. Further studies are needed using in vivo animal models to confirm such findings. Purpose Methods used collagenbased collagen based 6 ( diameter shapes 20 μm defined n=3, n3 n n=3 , 3 (n=3) 7 10 hole D, D (D included OCT (OCT Results shape Conclusions findings 2 n= (n=3 1 (n= (n

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um experimento projetado para determinar alterações anatômicas em córneas porcinas após a colocação de um novo implante de polímero na córnea. Métodos: Foi utilizado olho de porco ex vivo. Um novo agente modelador biocompatível, de colágeno tipo 1, com 6mm de diâmetro foi moldado com excimer laser em sua face posterior, para criar três formatos planocôncavos. Os implantes foram inseridos dentro de um bolsão, dissecado manualmente, a 200 micrômetros (μm). Foram definidos três grupos de tratamento: grupo A (n=3), teve a profundidade máxima de ablação de 70 μm; o grupo B (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 64 μm; e o grupo C (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 104 μm, com buraco central. O grupo controle, D (n=3), foi incluído, com a criação do bolsão estromal, porém sem inserir o material. A avaliação desses olhos foi realizada por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e por tomografia corneana. Resultados: A tomografia corneana mostrou uma tendência para diminuição da ceratometria média em todos os 4 grupos. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou córneas com implantes localizados no estroma anterior e aplanamento visível, enquanto as córneas não mudaram qualitativamente o formato no grupo controle. Conclusões: O novo implante de biomaterial planocôncavo descrito aqui foi capaz de remodelar a córnea em modelo de animal ex vivo, resultando no aplanamento corneano. Novos estudos são necessários usando modelos animais in vivo para confirmar tais achados. Objetivo Métodos biocompatível 1 mm posterior planocôncavos manualmente 20 μm. μm . (μm) tratamento n=3, n3 n n=3 , 3 (n=3) 7 6 10 central controle incluído estromal material OCT (OCT Resultados visível Conclusões corneano achados 2 (μm n= (n=3 (n= (n

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the long-term ocular findings of children that were operated of congenital cataract before the age of two and that received an intraoperative intracameral triamcinolone injection or used postoperative oral prednisolone to modulate ocular inflammation. Methods: All patients who had previously participated in a clinical trial that analyzed the 1-year surgical outcomes of congenital cataract surgery utilizing intracameral triamcinolone (study group) or oral prednisolone (control group) were eligible to participate in this prospective cohort research. Patients’ medical records were reviewed, and the children underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam on final follow-up. Biomicroscopic findings, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, the need for additional surgical interventions, and findings compatible with glaucoma were the primary end measures. Results: Twenty-six eyes (26 patients) were included (study group = 11 eyes; control group = 15 eyes). The mean follow--up was 8.2 ± 1.2 years and 8.1 ± 1.7 years in the study and control groups, respectively (p=0.82). All eyes presented a centered intraocular lens. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regards to the presence of posterior synechia (p=0.56), intraocular pressure (p=0.49), or central corneal thickness (p=0.21). None of the eyes fulfilled the glaucoma diagnostic criteria, presented secondary visual axis obscuration, or were reoperated. Conclusion: The long--term ocular findings of children that underwent congenital cataract surgery and received an intraoperative intracameral triamcinolone injection were similar to those that used postoperative oral prednisolone to modulate ocular inflammation. This suggests that intracameral triamcinolone may substitute oral prednisolone in congenital cataract surgery, facilitating the postoperative treatment regimen and compliance. Purpose longterm long term inflammation Methods 1year year 1 research Patients reviewed followup. followup follow up. up follow-up interventions measures Results Twentysix Twenty six 26 (2 eyes. . eyes) 82 8 2 8. 12 1. 81 17 7 p=0.82. p082 p p=0.82 0 (p=0.82) lens p=0.56, p056 p=0.56 , 56 (p=0.56) p=0.49, p049 p=0.49 49 (p=0.49) p=0.21. p021 p=0.21 21 (p=0.21) criteria obscuration reoperated Conclusion compliance ( p08 p=0.8 (p=0.82 p05 p=0.5 5 (p=0.56 p04 p=0.4 4 (p=0.49 p02 p=0.2 (p=0.21 p0 p=0. (p=0.8 (p=0.5 (p=0.4 (p=0.2 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os achados oculares em longo prazo de crianças que se submeteram à cirurgia de catarata congênita antes dos dois anos de idade e receberam uma injeção intracameral de triancinolona no intraoperatório ou usaram prednisolona oral no pós-operatório para modular a inflamação ocular. Métodos: Neste estudo prospectivo de coorte, todos os pacientes que participaram de um ensaio clínico anterior, que analisou os resultados cirúrgicos de 1 ano da cirurgia de catarata congênita usando triancinolona intracameral (Grupo de Estudo) ou prednisolona oral (Grupo Controle), eram elegíveis para participar. Os prontuários médicos dos pacientes foram revisados e as crianças foram submetidas a um exame oftalmológico completo no acompanhamento final. As principais medidas de desfecho foram: achados biomicroscópicos, pressão intraocular, espessura central da córnea, a necessidade de intervenções cirúrgicas adicionais e achados compatíveis com glaucoma. Resultados: Vinte e seis olhos (26 pacientes) foram incluídos (Grupo de Estudo = 11 olhos; Grupo de Controle = 15 olhos). O seguimento médio foi de 8,2 ± 1,2 anos e 8,1 ± 1,7 anos nos Grupos de Estudo e Controle, respectivamente (p=0,82). Todos os olhos apresentavam lente intraocular centrada. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos com relação à presença de sinéquia posterior (p=0,56), pressão intraocular (p=0,49) ou espessura central da córnea (p=0,21). Nenhum dos olhos preencheu os critérios diagnósticos para glaucoma, apresentou opacificação secundária do eixo visual ou foi reoperado. Conclusão: Os achados oculares em longo prazo de crianças que se submeteram à cirurgia de catarata congênita e receberam uma injeção intracameral de triancinolona no intraoperatório foram semelhantes aos que usaram prednisolona oral no pós-operatório para modular a inflamação ocular, sugerindo que a triancinolona intracameral pode substituir a prednisolona oral na cirurgia de catarata congênita, facilitando o tratamento pós-operatório e a adesão ao mesmo. Objetivo pósoperatório pós operatório ocular Métodos coorte anterior , Controle) participar final biomicroscópicos glaucoma Resultados 26 (2 olhos. . olhos) 82 8 2 8, 12 1, 81 17 7 p=0,82. p082 p p=0,82 0 (p=0,82) centrada p=0,56, p056 p=0,56 56 (p=0,56) p=0,49 p049 49 (p=0,49 p=0,21. p021 p=0,21 21 (p=0,21) reoperado Conclusão mesmo ( p08 p=0,8 (p=0,82 p05 p=0,5 5 (p=0,56 p=0,4 p04 4 (p=0,4 p02 p=0,2 (p=0,21 p0 p=0, (p=0,8 (p=0,5 (p=0, (p=0,2 p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT We report a case of bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris in which satisfactory intraocular pressure control was obtained after resolution of the acute disease with a trabecular implant (iStent®). A 62-year-old woman presented with bilateral simultaneous acute eye pain, photophobia, increased intraocular pressure (34 mmHg), circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, areas of depigmentation in the iris, and posterior synechiae. She had received oral amoxicillin-clavulanate and moxifloxacin for pneumonia 2 months previously. Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris was suspected as well as a viral etiology. She received oral acetazolamide, aciclovir, and prednisone, besides topical prednisolone, betaxolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and atropine. The disease gradually resolved in 4 months but, after 1 year, she developed bilateral cataracts, and still needed three drugs for intraocular pressure control (16/18 mmHg). Cataract-iStent® combined surgery was performed in both eyes. One year after surgery, intraocular pressure was 11/12 mmHg, without medication. iStent® was safe and effective on this secondary glaucoma. iStent®. iStent . (iStent®) 62yearold yearold 62 old pain photophobia 34 (3 mmHg , mmHg) chamber synechiae amoxicillinclavulanate amoxicillin clavulanate previously etiology acetazolamide aciclovir prednisone prednisolone betaxolol brimonidine dorzolamide atropine but cataracts 16/18 1618 16 18 (16/1 mmHg. CataractiStent® CataractiStent Cataract Cataract-iStent eyes 1112 11 12 11/1 medication glaucoma (iStent® 6 3 ( 16/1 161 (16/ 111 11/ (iStent 16/ (16 (1

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris, no qual obtivemos adequado controle da pressão intraocular com o implante do iStent®, após resolução da fase aguda da doença. Paciente feminina, 62 anos, atendida com quadro agudo, bilateral e simultâneo de dor ocular, fotofobia, hipertensão ocular (34 mmHg), pigmentos circulantes na câmara anterior, áreas de despigmentação iriana e sinéquias posteriores. Havia recebido amoxicilina-clavulanato e moxifloxacina orais para pneumonia 2 meses antes. Suspeitando-se de despigmentação aguda bilateral da íris ou de etiologia viral, recebeu acetazolamida, aciclovir e prednisona orais, e colírios prednisolona, betaxolol, brimonidina, dorzolamida e atropina. O quadro se resolveu gradualmente em 4 meses, porém, após 1 ano, desenvolveu catarata bilateral e ainda usava 3 colírios hipotensores (pressão intraocular 16/18 mmHg). A cirurgia combinada de catarata-iStent® foi realizada em ambos os olhos. Um ano depois, a pressão intraocular mantinha-se 11/12 mmHg, sem medicação. O iStent® foi seguro e eficaz no controle deste glaucoma secundário. iStent doença feminina 6 anos agudo fotofobia 34 (3 mmHg , mmHg) anterior posteriores amoxicilinaclavulanato amoxicilina clavulanato antes Suspeitandose Suspeitando viral acetazolamida prednisolona betaxolol brimonidina atropina porém 1618 16 18 16/1 mmHg. . catarataiStent® catarataiStent catarata-iStent olhos depois mantinhase mantinha 1112 11 12 11/1 medicação secundário ( 161 16/ 111 11/

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe a 2019 acute toxoplasmosis outbreak in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the laboratory serological profile for toxoplasmosis for three consecutive years. The ophthalmological manifestations of the patients involved in the outbreak were also studied. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil, between February and May 2019. Epidemiological data were described, as were the observed ocular manifestations. As part of this study the number of patients with positive IgM toxoplasmosis serology was obtained from a large laboratory network (DASA) for three consecutive years, including the year of the outbreak (2018, 2019, 2020). Results: Eighty-three individuals were identified in the outbreak and two clusters were studied. The clinical picture of at least 77% of the patients, the epidemiological analysis, and the short incubation period (5-8 days) suggested contamination by oocysts. Serological laboratory data analysis revealed an increase of positive toxoplasmosis IgM in 2019 of 73% compared to the previous year. Ophthalmological examination revealed that at least 4.8% of the patients developed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, none of whom had been treated during the acute systemic disease. Conclusion: Our findings indicate vegetable contamination as the possible source of this outbreak, a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in São Paulo during the outbreak period, and a drop in the number of tests during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retinochoroiditis was observed in at least 4.8% of the cases. We confirm the need to implement effective means for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. This may involve raising awareness among the population of the importance of vegetable hygiene, and improved quality control of food and water. Purpose 201 Brazil years studied Methods crosssectional cross sectional described DASA (DASA 2018, 2018 (2018 2020. 2020 . 2020) Results Eightythree Eighty 77 58 5 8 (5- days oocysts 73 48 4 4.8 retinochoroiditis disease Conclusion COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic cases prevention diagnosis hygiene water 20 (201 202 7 (5 4. COVID1 1 COVID- 2 (20 ( (2

ABSTRACT The action of pest insects directly affects agricultural productivity, thus requiring a large number of insecticide applications for their control. The main products used come from the organophosphate, pyrethroid and spinosyn groups, but indiscriminate use of these products can cause negative effects, especially on soil organisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil macrofauna caused by the application of insecticides in a fruit production area. The insecticides malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram were applied at the maximum dose indicated by the manufacturer, using twice the volume of solution for terrestrial applications. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of four treatments with five replicates each, distributed in five blocks. After application, soil macrofauna was evaluated according to the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method. Individuals were quantified and identified by taxonomic groups for further determination of density, richness, Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J’). Malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram did not affect the total density, as well as the density per taxonomic group, except for the Coleoptera group, which had lower density of individuals per m2 in soil treated with malathion and deltamethrin, differing from the soils treated with spinetoram and from the control treatment. Therefore, it is found that deltamethrin applications reduce the density of Coleoptera in the soil under the conditions tested. productivity organophosphate effects organisms Thus area manufacturer blocks each TSBF (TSBF method richness ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J . (J’) Malathion group m treatment Therefore tested (H (J’ (J

RESUMO A ação de insetos-praga afeta diretamente a produtividade agrícola, demandando assim grande quantidade de aplicações de inseticidas para o controle dos mesmos. Os principais produtos utilizados são advindos dos grupos organofosforados, piretróides e espinosinas, no entanto, o uso indiscriminado desses produtos pode gerar efeitos negativos, principalmente aos organismos do solo. Com isso, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar as alterações sofridas pela macrofauna do solo provocada pela aplicação de inseticidas em área de produção frutífera. Os inseticidas malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram, foram aplicados na dosagem máxima indicada pelo fabricante, utilizando-se o dobro do volume de calda para aplicações terrestres. O delineamento experimental ocorreu em blocos ao acaso, constituído por quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições cada, distribuídas em cinco blocos. Após a aplicação, a macrofauna do solo foi avaliada de acordo com o método Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Foi realizada a quantificação e identificação dos indivíduos por grupos taxonômicos, para posterior determinação da densidade, riqueza, índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H') e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). Constatou-se que malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram não afetaram a densidade total, assim como a densidade por grupo grupos taxonômicos, exceto o grupo Coleoptera que apresentou menor densidade de indivíduos por m2 em solo tratado com malationa e deltametrina, diferindo dos solos tratados com o inseticida espinetoram e ao tratamento controle. Portanto, constata-se que aplicações de deltametrina reduzem a densidade de Coleoptera do solo, sob as condições testadas. insetospraga insetos praga agrícola mesmos organofosforados espinosinas entanto negativos isso objetivouse objetivou se frutífera fabricante utilizandose utilizando terrestres acaso cada TSBF. TSBF . (TSBF) taxonômicos riqueza ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J (J’) Constatouse Constatou total m Portanto constatase constata testadas (TSBF (H (J’ (J

Abstract Several fishes of the family Poeciliidae are commonly produced in ornamental aquaculture and also used for pest control, leading to their introduction in numerous countries. Many of these species exhibit tolerance and invasiveness, as exemplified by Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). This report documents the presence of X. maculatus in a Caribbean coastal stream in Venezuela. Quizandal Creek has experienced significant human intervention in its lower drainage and channel area. In the final segment of the creek the fish were captured using hand nets and beach seines. The specimens were transported alive to the laboratory for evaluation and subsequently preserved according to standard methods and later were cataloged in the fish collection. 16 males ♂ and 8 females ♀ (16.6-29.4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) from the Quizandal Creek, part of the coastal drainage of the Borburata River, were analyzed. This is the first report on the occurrence of Xiphophorus maculatus in natural environments of Venezuela. These coastal streams are situated in a zoogeographic transition zone between regional freshwater ichthyofaunas that have a limited number of species, primarily secondary and amphidromous, which could be susceptible to the presence of introduced species. Xiphophorus fish demonstrate the ability to thrive in highly degraded environments, promoting their dispersion and amplifying the impact on the habitat and local fish, particularly small endemic fish, such as the Rivulidae and Poeciliidae. control countries invasiveness Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Venezuela area seines collection 1 16.629.4 166294 16.6 29.4 6 29 4 (16.6-29. SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 River analyzed amphidromous 186 629 16.629. 16629 166 16. 294 29. 2 (16.6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16.629 1662 (16.6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16.62 (16.6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16.6 CPUCLA- (16. (16 (1 (

Resumo Vários peixes Poeciliidae são comumente empregados na aquicultura ornamental e no controle de pragas, levando à sua introdução em vários países. Muitas dessas espécies exibem tolerância e invasividade, exemplificadas por Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). Esta nota documenta a presença de X. maculatus em um riacho costeiro na encosta do Caribe, Venezuela. O riacho Quizandal sofreu intervenção humana significativa na drenagem inferior e na área do canal. No trecho final do riacho os peixes foram capturados com redes de mão e arrastos. Os espécimes foram transportados vivos ao laboratório para avaliação e posteriormente preservados segundos métodos padronizados para posterior catalogação na coleção de peixes. Foram analisados 16 machos ♂ e 8 fêmeas ♀ (16,6-29,4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) provenientes do Córrego Quizandal, associado à drenagem costeira do Rio Borburata. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Xiphophorus maculatus em ambientes naturais da Venezuela. Estes riachos costeiros estão situados numa zona de transição zoogeográfica entre ictiofaunas regionais de água doce e apresentam um número limitado de espécies, principalmente secundárias e anfidromas, que podem ser suscetíveis à presença de espécies introduzidas. Os peixes Xiphophorus demonstram a capacidade de prosperar em ambientes altamente degradados, promovendo a sua dispersão e amplificando o impacto no habitat e nos peixes locais, particularmente pequenos peixes endêmicos, como os Rivulidae e Poeciliidae. pragas países invasividade Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Caribe Venezuela canal arrastos 1 16,629,4 166294 16,6 29,4 6 29 4 (16,6-29, SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 Borburata anfidromas introduzidas degradados locais endêmicos 186 629 16,629, 16629 166 16, 294 29, 2 (16,6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16,629 1662 (16,6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16,62 (16,6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16,6 CPUCLA- (16, (16 (1 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe a 2019 acute toxoplasmosis outbreak in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the laboratory serological profile for toxoplasmosis for three consecutive years. The ophthalmological manifestations of the patients involved in the outbreak were also studied. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil, between February and May 2019. Epidemiological data were described, as were the observed ocular manifestations. As part of this study the number of patients with positive IgM toxoplasmosis serology was obtained from a large laboratory network (DASA) for three consecutive years, including the year of the outbreak (2018, 2019, 2020). Results: Eighty-three individuals were identified in the outbreak and two clusters were studied. The clinical picture of at least 77% of the patients, the epidemiological analysis, and the short incubation period (5-8 days) suggested contamination by oocysts. Serological laboratory data analysis revealed an increase of positive toxoplasmosis IgM in 2019 of 73% compared to the previous year. Ophthalmological examination revealed that at least 4.8% of the patients developed toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, none of whom had been treated during the acute systemic disease. Conclusion: Our findings indicate vegetable contamination as the possible source of this outbreak, a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in São Paulo during the outbreak period, and a drop in the number of tests during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retinochoroiditis was observed in at least 4.8% of the cases. We confirm the need to implement effective means for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. This may involve raising awareness among the population of the importance of vegetable hygiene, and improved quality control of food and water. Purpose 201 Brazil years studied Methods crosssectional cross sectional described DASA (DASA 2018, 2018 (2018 2020. 2020 . 2020) Results Eightythree Eighty 77 58 5 8 (5- days oocysts 73 48 4 4.8 retinochoroiditis disease Conclusion COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic cases prevention diagnosis hygiene water 20 (201 202 7 (5 4. COVID1 1 COVID- 2 (20 ( (2