Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

ABSTRACT Plants undergoing insect infestation release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) into their environment, which are then used by natural enemies for their benefit. The pest Aleurothrixus floccosus, which affects citrus orchards in northern Chile, specifically at Pica Oasis, poses a year-round threat. Recently, the introduction of the exotic ladybird Clitostethus arcuatus has been noted as a predator of A. floccosus. This study delved into how HIPVs emitted from tangelo (Citrus reticulata × C. ×paradisi Macfad.) and lime (C. ×aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) infested-shoots impact the behavioral responses of C. arcuatus. The volatile compounds were collected using the headspace technique, revealing notable qualitative changes after herbivory. In two-choice bioassays, the HIPVs elicited an attractive response in C. arcuatus compared to A. floccosus. At concentrations of 10 and 100 µg mL-1, the predators displayed a distinct preference for methyl salicylate (MeSA). These findings underscore that C. arcuatus exploits the HIPVs emitted from citrus infested-shoots, fostering tritrophic interactions. Exploring the impact of whitefly attacks on other fruit trees, emerges as a significant avenue for future investigation.

Resumen Los márgenes de las rutas que contienen vegetación natural brindan condiciones biológicas estables y promueven la biodiversidad. Estas áreas son importantes para mejorar los servicios ecosistémicos en los paisajes agrícolas. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron i) evaluar la diversidad de insectos como visitantes florales (excluyendo apiformes), y la riqueza de especies de plantas en los márgenes de las rutas, ii) determinar los Grupos Funcionales de insectos registrados como visitantes florales en los márgenes de rutas, y iii) analizar el rol ecológico de los insectos presentes en ocho márgenes de rutas ubicados en la región centro-este de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El estudio se realizó a lo largo de cuatro rutas provinciales (N°. 6, 10, 62 y 64) y la ruta nacional N°. 19; de noviembre de 2013 a septiembre de 2015. Se registraron un total de 1614 insectos, Oxysarcodexia varia (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) y Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), fueron las especies más abundantes. Las familias Brassicaceae, Apiaceae y Asteraceae recibieron el mayor número de visitas de insectos. Se registraron un total de 225 interacciones planta-insecto. Se discute la importancia de los márgenes de ruta con vegetación natural para proporcionar alimento y refugio a insectos polinizadores, depredadores, parasitoides, herbívoros y descomponedores.

Abstract The roadside margins that contain natural vegetation provides biological stable conditions and promote biodiversity. These areas are important to enhance ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. The aims of this study were i) to assess the diversity of insects as floral visitors (excluding apiformes), and plant species richness in roadside margins, ii) to determine the Functional Groups of insects recorded as floral visitors of roadside margins, and iii) to analyze the ecological role of insects presents in eight roadside margins located in the central-eastern region of the Santa Fe province. The study was conducted along four provincial roads (No. 6, 10, 62, and 64) and the national road No. 19, on November 2013 to September 2015. A total of 1614 insects were recorded. Oxysarcodexia varia (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were the most abundant species. The families Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, and Asteraceae received the highest number of insect visits. A total of 225 plant-insect interactions were recorded. The importance of roadside margin with natural vegetation to provide food and shelters for pollinators, predators, parasitoids, herbivores, and decomposers insects is discussed.

Resumo A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.

Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.

The Dermestidae is a relatively poorly studied family of insects but with a high rate of species discovery. The South African region is particularly rich in Attagenus spp. many of which are distinctively patterned. This study provides an updated list of Attagenus spp. in South Africa with a complete literature review and an image-based identification key to the Attagenus species within South Africa. Images of most species are provided. With the rise in significance of citizen science recording schemes, this study facilitates image-based identification and encourages both entomologists and citizen scientists to further contribute to the understanding of this beautiful Coleopteran family.

The insecticidal effect of four crude olive pomace oils extracted from pomace collected from four localities of Kabylia, refined olive pomace oil and extra virgin olive oil were assessed under laboratory conditions for the control of adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)) and Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The doses used ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 ml/25 g of durum and soft wheat seeds. In addition, the quality indices and the fatty acid composition of these oils were evaluated. The results show that the legal quality indices were well within the legal limits for crude olive-pomace oil (COP), refined pomace oil (ROP) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) categories. The effectiveness of these vegetable oils is highly dependent on the insect species, the dose rate, the exposure time and the type of oil tested The main fatty acids from all samples tested, were oleic (61.89-79.25%), palmitic (8.34-15.71%) and linoleic (8.17-16.52%) acids. For both species and substrates tested, mortality is dose and time of exposure dependent. The highest dose (0.4 ml/25 g) causes > 63.75% mortality, after 24 h of exposure. Comparison of LD50 (ml/25 g) indicates that olive oil was generally more toxic than crude and refined pomace oils, for both insects and substrates, values varies from 0.005 to 0.189. The most sensitive insect was S. oryzae for most vegetable oils tested. Likewise, oils significantly reduced the F1 offspring of both insects and seed weight losses. No progeny were observed in the two pests at the highest dose, and therefore no weight loss was recorded. The results also revealed that the six oils affect the germination capacity of durum and soft wheat seeds when the dosage is increased. The results collected remain encouraging for the recommendation of natural substances as part of integrated pest management programmes against insect pests of stored grains.

Phlyctinus is an endemic weevil genus of the Cape Floristic Region that comprises eight to ten species, previously classified under the monotypic P. callosus sensu lato concept. Two species of this genus, Phlyctinus callosus and P. xerophilus, are of economic concern to the deciduous fruit and grapevine industry in the Western Cape province of South Africa, causing primary damages and being of phytosanitary concern at the adult stage. The taxonomic revision conducted in 2020 raised doubts whether one of the two species was a newly emerging pest and/or what species was considered in studies before the clarification of species boundaries. Also unclear is whether these species can be controlled similarly using current control measures. The aim of this study therefore is to review the pest status of the two species over time based on museum records, field collections and historical publications, and to clarify how control measure(s) are impacted. We infer that neither species appear to be emerging pests in the region, both being of agricultural significance for at least 80 years. Phlyctinus callosus is mostly distributed along the southern coast, while P. xerophilus is distributed in inland valleys. The two species show similar biology, physiology and ecology in agro-ecosystems, and can be excluded from the host plant canopy using stem-barriers, adults being flightless. As such, it is shown that the naming of P. xerophilus as a pest is mainly a taxonomical clarification within a pre-existing species complex.

Resumo No norte central do Chile, lagoas efêmeras constituem corpos de água isolados e pouco profundos, com um habitat favorável para a fauna adaptada as mudanças sazonais que as zonas úmidas estão sujeitas. Com relação a estes ecossistemas, sabe-se pouco sobre sua fauna, principalmente a de insetos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a riqueza, composição, estrutura e similaridade das comunidades de insetos que habitam as lagoas temporárias de Huentelauquén (29º S, Região de Coquimbo, Chile). Usando armadilhas de interceptação, se capturou um total de 10.762 indivíduos, pertencentes a 7 ordens, 27 famílias e 51 espécies. Coleoptera e Hymenoptera foram as ordens mais representativas, enquanto Neuroptera, Orthoptera e Plecoptera foram grupos pouco representativos. Os estimadores não paramétricos avaliados mostraram valores de riqueza superiores ao observados para todas as lagoas estudadas, e suas curvas de acumulação parecem indicar que o inventario da comunidade estudada está incompleto. A análise hierárquica e de ordenamento revelou agrupamentos de lagoas correspondentes a zona nordeste e sudeste de Huentelauquén. Preliminarmente encontramos uma correlação negativa entre a área de lagoas efêmeras e a riqueza (espécies) e abundância de insetos. É necessário realizar estudos adicionais (sobre outros grupos de artrópodes e em outras estações do ano) para melhor compreensão dos processos locais de extinção e colonização das espécies que habitam estes frágeis ambientes costeiros estudados.

Abstract In northern central Chile, ephemeral pools constitute shallow isolated water bodies with a favourable habitat for fauna adapted to seasonal changes. Based on the limited knowledge about the fauna—particularly insects—associated to these ecosystems, the objective of this study was to characterize the richness, composition, structure and similarity of the insect communities associated with ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29º S, Coquimbo Region, Chile). By using pitfall traps, 10,762 individuals were captured, represented by 7 orders, 27 families, and 51 species. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the best represented orders, with Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Plecoptera being poorly represented groups. The non-parametric estimators evaluated showed wealth values above those observed for all the studied pools, and their accumulation curves suggest the existence of an incomplete species inventory in the studied community. Additionally, the hierarchical and ordering analysis showed groupings of pools located in the northwest and southeast of Huentelauquén. Preliminarily we found a negative correlation between the area of the pools and the richness (species) and abundance of insects. Additional studies (on other arthropod groups and other seasons of the year) could provide a better understanding of the local processes of extinction and colonization of the species inhabiting these fragile coastal environments.

ABSTRACT The action of pest insects directly affects agricultural productivity, thus requiring a large number of insecticide applications for their control. The main products used come from the organophosphate, pyrethroid and spinosyn groups, but indiscriminate use of these products can cause negative effects, especially on soil organisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil macrofauna caused by the application of insecticides in a fruit production area. The insecticides malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram were applied at the maximum dose indicated by the manufacturer, using twice the volume of solution for terrestrial applications. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of four treatments with five replicates each, distributed in five blocks. After application, soil macrofauna was evaluated according to the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method. Individuals were quantified and identified by taxonomic groups for further determination of density, richness, Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J’). Malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram did not affect the total density, as well as the density per taxonomic group, except for the Coleoptera group, which had lower density of individuals per m2 in soil treated with malathion and deltamethrin, differing from the soils treated with spinetoram and from the control treatment. Therefore, it is found that deltamethrin applications reduce the density of Coleoptera in the soil under the conditions tested. productivity organophosphate effects organisms Thus area manufacturer blocks each TSBF (TSBF method richness ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J . (J’) Malathion group m treatment Therefore tested (H (J’ (J

RESUMO A ação de insetos-praga afeta diretamente a produtividade agrícola, demandando assim grande quantidade de aplicações de inseticidas para o controle dos mesmos. Os principais produtos utilizados são advindos dos grupos organofosforados, piretróides e espinosinas, no entanto, o uso indiscriminado desses produtos pode gerar efeitos negativos, principalmente aos organismos do solo. Com isso, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar as alterações sofridas pela macrofauna do solo provocada pela aplicação de inseticidas em área de produção frutífera. Os inseticidas malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram, foram aplicados na dosagem máxima indicada pelo fabricante, utilizando-se o dobro do volume de calda para aplicações terrestres. O delineamento experimental ocorreu em blocos ao acaso, constituído por quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições cada, distribuídas em cinco blocos. Após a aplicação, a macrofauna do solo foi avaliada de acordo com o método Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Foi realizada a quantificação e identificação dos indivíduos por grupos taxonômicos, para posterior determinação da densidade, riqueza, índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H') e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). Constatou-se que malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram não afetaram a densidade total, assim como a densidade por grupo grupos taxonômicos, exceto o grupo Coleoptera que apresentou menor densidade de indivíduos por m2 em solo tratado com malationa e deltametrina, diferindo dos solos tratados com o inseticida espinetoram e ao tratamento controle. Portanto, constata-se que aplicações de deltametrina reduzem a densidade de Coleoptera do solo, sob as condições testadas. insetospraga insetos praga agrícola mesmos organofosforados espinosinas entanto negativos isso objetivouse objetivou se frutífera fabricante utilizandose utilizando terrestres acaso cada TSBF. TSBF . (TSBF) taxonômicos riqueza ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J (J’) Constatouse Constatou total m Portanto constatase constata testadas (TSBF (H (J’ (J

ABSTRACT Bird droppings are an unusual food resource for coprophagous insects and used mostly by opportunistic decomposers. Among them, dung beetles feed mainly on dung, although the species differ in their trophic plasticity. Here we report a record of a dung beetle, Canthidium cf. gracilipes, reaching and manipulating the dropping of a passeriform bird, Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Dendrocolaptidae). The behavior was observed in an urban forest fragment located in the Amazonian city of Manaus, Brazil. Two hours after the bird defecated, the dung beetle reached the dropping and started manipulating them with its fore- and hindlegs. It did not eat the dung, though. For a clear understanding of the relationships between bird droppings and Amazonian dung beetles, it will be important to perform standardized experiments with a wide variety of native dung and carrion types. decomposers plasticity cf gracilipes Dendrocolaptidae. Dendrocolaptidae . (Dendrocolaptidae) Manaus Brazil defecated fore hindlegs though types (Dendrocolaptidae

RESUMO Excrementos de aves correspondem a um recurso alimentar pouco comum para insetos coprófagos, sendo utilizados geralmente por decompositores oportunistas. Entre eles, os rola bostas se alimentam principalmente de fezes, entretanto a plasticidade alimentar varia entre as espécies. Neste estudo nós reportamos um registro do rola bosta Canthidium cf. gracilipes se aproximando de e manipulando os excrementos de uma ave passeriformes, Dendrocincla fuliginosa (Dendrocolaptidae). O comportamento foi observado em um fragmento localizado na cidade amazônica de Manaus, Brasil. Duas horas depois de que a ave defecou, o rola bosta se aproximou das fezes e começou a manipulá-las com as patas anteriores e posteriores. Entretanto, não se observou consumo do excremento. Para uma compreensão mais clara das relações entre os excrementos de aves e os rola bostas amazônicos, é importante a realização de experimentos padronizados com uma ampla variedade de fezes e carcaças nativas. coprófagos oportunistas eles espécies cf passeriformes Dendrocolaptidae. Dendrocolaptidae . (Dendrocolaptidae) Manaus Brasil defecou manipulálas manipulá las posteriores Entretanto excremento amazônicos nativas (Dendrocolaptidae

ABSTRACT Great advances were made in recent years regarding the description of immatures of Cassidinae and their taxonomy as a whole, but many taxa remain undescribed. This study focuses on updating morphological data for Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Ischyrosonychini), a tortoise beetle native of South America, which was collected in Fridericia florida (DC.) L. G. Lohmann in the Brazilian Cerrado. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the morphology of the larva, pupa, and genitalia of adults, all of which are novel for this genus. The main discerning features for this species among other Ischyrosonychini are the lack of dark patterns in the dorsum of either the larvae, being limited to the dark scoli and the cranium, or the pupae, and a much reduced anal fork. We also present the first record of parasitism by Chalcididae wasps, Brachymeria sp. Westwood, 1832 and Conura sp. Spinola, 1837. Morphological comparisons remain limited demanding further studies with other species of Ischyrosonychini, as to better understand the placement of this species within the taxonomy of tortoise beetles. whole undescribed Spaeth 191 Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelidae , Ischyrosonychini) America DC. DC (DC. L G Cerrado larva pupa adults genus larvae cranium pupae fork wasps sp Westwood 183 Spinola 1837 beetles 19 (DC 18 1

Resumo Apresenta-se pela primeira vez uma chave pictórica para identificação dos adultos aquáticos e semiaquáticos de Curculionidae associados às macrófitas aquáticas do Pantanal mato-grossense e da Amazônia, baseada no estudo de 13.252 exemplares pertencentes a duas famílias de Curculionoidea (Brentidae e Curculionidae), seis subfamílias, oito tribos, 22 gêneros e 24 espécies, a maioria pertencente a Tanysphyrini (Curculionidae, Brachycerinae). A chave proposta pode ser extrapolada para a fauna da Região Neotropical devido a ampla distribuição das espécies incluídas, as quais são discutidas em relação aos estudos taxonômicos, biogeográficos e ecológicos. Apresentase Apresenta se matogrossense mato grossense Amazônia 13252 13 252 13.25 Brentidae Curculionidae, , Curculionidae) subfamílias tribos 2 (Curculionidae Brachycerinae. Brachycerinae . Brachycerinae) incluídas taxonômicos ecológicos 1325 1 25 13.2 132 13.

Abstract A pictorial key for the identification of aquatic and semiaquatic adults of Curculionidae associated with aquatic macrophytes from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and the Amazon is presented for the first time based on the study of 13,252 specimens belonging to the two families of Curculionoidea (Brentidae and Curculionidae), six subfamilies, eight tribes, 22 genera and 24 species, most belonging to Tanysphyrini (Curculionidae, Brachycerinae). This key can be extrapolated to the Neotropical Region fauna due to the wide distribution of the included species, which is discussed in relation to taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies. 13252 13 252 13,25 Brentidae Curculionidae, , Curculionidae) subfamilies tribes 2 species (Curculionidae Brachycerinae. Brachycerinae . Brachycerinae) taxonomic biogeographical studies 1325 1 25 13,2 132 13,

Resumo Zatrephina lineata (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) é um inseto fitófago, principalmente de plantas dos gêneros Ipomoea e Mikania. O objetivo foi estudar o desenvolvimento, a sobrevivência e descrever as fases de vida de Z. lineata alimentada com folhas de Ipomoea pes-caprae. Observações biológicas foram feitas diariamente com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico e os ínstares desse inseto identificados pela exúvia deixada entre uma muda e outra. A duração do desenvolvimento e sobrevivência dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa e dos primeiro, segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto ínstares e do periodo ninfal de Z. lineata diferiu, mas não entre os sexos deste inseto. A duração do desenvolvimento de Z. lineata foi maior na fase larval e no quinto ínstar, e sua sobrevivência maior nas fases de ovo e pupa e no primeiro e quinto ínstares. Os ovos de Z. lineata, de cor creme, são elipsoides e depositados em grupos na superfície adaxial das folhas mais velhas de I. pes-caprae. As larvas desse inseto passam por cinco ínstares, sendo os três primeiros gregários com defesas quimio-comportamentais. As pupas exaradas de Z. lineata, de cor amarelo claro e formato oval achatado dorsoventralmente, fixam-se na superfície abaxial das folhas de I. pes-caprae. O formato dos adultos deste inseto é oval, de cor amarelo palha com listras longitudinais mais claras e as fêmeas são ligeiramente maiores que os machos. Fabricius, Fabricius (Fabricius 1787 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae fitófago Mikania Z pescaprae. pescaprae pes caprae. caprae pes-caprae outra segundo terceiro diferiu ínstar creme I quimiocomportamentais. quimiocomportamentais quimio comportamentais. comportamentais quimio-comportamentais dorsoventralmente fixamse fixam se machos 178 17 1

Abstract Zatrephina lineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a phytophagous insect, mainly of plants of the genera Ipomoea and Mikania. The objective was to study the development, survival and to describe the life stages of Z. lineata fed on leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Biological observations were made daily with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope and the instars of this insect identified by the exuvia left between one moulting and the next. The duration of development and survival of the egg, larva and pupa stages and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth instars and of the nymph stage of Z. lineata differed, but not between sexes of this insect. The duration of development of Z. lineata was longer in the larval stage and in the fifth instar, and its survival greater in the egg and pupa stages and in the first and fifth instars. Zatrephina lineata eggs, cream-colored, are ellipsoid and deposited in groups on the adaxial surface of older I. pes-caprae leaves. The larvae of this insect go through five instars, with the first three being gregarious with chemo-behavioral defenses. The exarated pupae of Z. lineata, light yellow in color and with an oval shape flattened dorsoventrally, attach to the abaxial surface of the I. pes-caprae leaves. The shape of adults of this insect is oval, straw yellow in color with lighter longitudinal stripes and females are slightly larger than males. Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Mikania Z pescaprae. pescaprae pes caprae. caprae next second third differed instar eggs creamcolored, creamcolored cream colored, colored cream-colored I chemobehavioral chemo behavioral defenses dorsoventrally males

Resumo Myochrous armatus (Baly, 1865) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) causa perdas consideráveis às lavouras de soja no Brasil e em vários outros países da América do Sul. A aplicação de inseticidas biológicos pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para suprimir esta praga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de inseticidas microbiológicos formulados a partir dos fungos Beauveria bassiana + Metarhizium anisopliae (Bometil) e B. bassiana (Ballvéria), e bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis (Acera) isoladamente e em combinação com os inseticidas químicos fipronil, etiprole e clorpirifós, contra adultos de M. armatus. Os inseticidas à base de B. bassiana + M. anisopliae foram mais patogênicos que os à base de B. bassiana, causando taxas de mortalidade acumuladas nos dez dias com 85,0 e 65,0% respectivamente. Em contraste, B. thuringiensis causou 92,5% de mortalidade. Estes produtos sozinhos e em combinação foram eficazes para o controlo nas suas concentrações mais baixas. Portanto, o uso de inseticidas microbiológicos individualmente ou em combinação com inseticidas químicos é uma alternativa promissora para o manejo integrado de M. armatus. Baly, Baly (Baly 1865 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Sul praga Bometil (Bometil B Ballvéria, Ballvéria , (Ballvéria) Acera (Acera fipronil clorpirifós M 850 85 0 85, 650 65 65,0 respectivamente contraste 925 92 5 92,5 baixas Portanto 186 (Ballvéria 8 6 65, 9 92, 18 1

Abstract Myochrous armatus (Baly, 1865) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) causes considerable losses to soybean crops in Brazil and several other South American countries. Applying biological insecticides can be an effective alternative to suppressing this pest. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of microbiological insecticides formulated from the fungi Beauveria bassiana + Metarhizium anisopliae (Bometil) and B. bassiana alone (Ballvéria), and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Acera) alone and in combination with the chemical insecticides fipronil, ethiprole and chlorpyrifos, against M. armatus adults. The insecticides based on B. bassiana + M. anisopliae were found to be more pathogenic than those based on B. bassiana, causing cumulative mortality rates in the ten days of 85.0 and 65.0% respectively. In contrast, B. thuringiensis caused 92.5% mortality. These products alone and in combination were effective for control at their lowest concentrations. Therefore, the use of microbiological insecticides individually or in combination with chemical insecticides is a promising alternative for the integrated management of M. armatus. Baly, Baly (Baly 1865 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae countries pest Bometil (Bometil B Ballvéria, Ballvéria , (Ballvéria) Acera (Acera fipronil chlorpyrifos M adults 850 85 0 85. 650 65 65.0 respectively contrast 925 92 5 92.5 concentrations Therefore 186 (Ballvéria 8 6 65. 9 92. 18 1

ABSTRACT The eight species of Bondarius Rosado-Neto, 2006 are distributed in South, Central and North America, and the Caribbean: B. tuberculatus (Boheman, 1836), B. subrufus (Fiedler, 1936), B. breyeri (Brèthes, 1910), B. fuscoaeneus (Boheman, 1843), B. sublaevicollis (Hustache, 1939), B. nitidus (Champion, 1902), B. spinipes (Champion, 1902) and B. pectoralis (Suffrian, 1872). This study presents a taxonomic review of the genus and redescription of the known species, provides illustrations of the external morphology, mouthparts and genitalia of males and females, and an identification key to species. RosadoNeto, RosadoNeto Rosado Neto, Neto Rosado-Neto 200 South America Caribbean B Boheman, Boheman (Boheman 1836, 1836 , 1836) Fiedler, Fiedler (Fiedler 1936, 1936 1936) Brèthes, Brèthes (Brèthes 1910, 1910 1910) 1843, 1843 1843) Hustache, Hustache (Hustache 1939, 1939 1939) Champion, Champion (Champion 1902, 1902 Suffrian, Suffrian (Suffrian 1872. 1872 . 1872) morphology females 20 183 193 191 184 190 187 2 18 19 1