Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade nos hotéis de 5 estrelas do Algarve, determinando como é que comunicam o seu comportamento sustentável nos seus websites, quais são as práticas mais adotadas e os principais motivadores/obstáculos. Foram analisados os websites e motores de reserva dos hotéis. E um questionário foi usado para recolher informações sobre as suas práticas sustentáveis. É possível perceber um pouco de comunicação sustentável nos sites desses hotéis. Essa percentagem é superior no motor Booking.com, um canal mais competitivo. As principais áreas de intervenção são a gestão de energia, gestão de água/resíduos e responsabilidade social. A maioria das práticas implementadas são as menos dispendiosas. E os principais impulsionadores são a responsabilidade ambiental, visão estratégica e ganho de eficiência. Embora o principal obstáculo referido seja o custo do investimento, a falta de pessoal qualificado e questões técnicas são outros constrangimentos. A dimensão “mais fraca” da tríade da sustentabilidade é a social (com resultados menores). E a mais limitante para se avançar na área é a económica, pela perceção de custos associados. O crescimento de novos negócios e empregos na área, bem como o uso de um relatório padronizado e de certificação, poderá superar os entraves.

Abstract This work aims to analyze sustainability in 5-star hotels in Algarve, determining how they communicate their sustainable behavior on their websites, what are the most adopted practices and the main motivators/obstacles. Hotel websites and booking engines were analyzed. And a questionnaire was used to gather information about their sustainable practices. It is possible to notice a bit of sustainable communication on the sites of these hotels. This percentage is higher in the Booking.com engine, a more competitive channel. The main areas of intervention are energy management, water/waste management and social responsibility. Most of the implemented practices are the least expensive. And the main drivers are environmental responsibility, strategic vision and efficiency gains. Although the main obstacle referred to is the investment cost, the lack of qualified personnel and technical issues are other constraints. The “weakest” dimension of the sustainability triad is social (with lower results). And the most limiting to develop the area is the economic one, due to the perception of associated costs. The growth of new businesses and jobs in the area, as well as the use of standardized reporting and certification, could overcome the barriers.

During the Suez crisis, the written media served as the primary method which provided the British populace with information. Strong anti-Egyptian sentiment permeated the British press. It was constantly fuelled by the Government's propaganda strategy. In the USA the crisis was also covered by the news media, particularly in the light of the fact that it was President Eisenhower's greatest foreign policy challenge at the time and the crisis reached its zenith a few days before his re-election. Nasser utilised the Egyptian press and radio to accomplish his goals against Britain and France and to promote his nationalist image inside and outside of Egypt. When a permanent member's veto prevented the Security Council from fulfilling its primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, the General Assembly could consider the matter and make recommendations to member states to restore international peace and security. In November 1956, the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, which stipulates this procedure, went into effect. Prior to the crisis, two-thirds of Europe's crude oil was transported via the Suez Canal. Due to the strategic significance of Suez, the canal zone was always vigilantly guarded by Britain. After the crisis, oil emerged as the new deterrent in international affairs, and the crisis was the primary impetus for the establishment of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1961. When the crisis broke out and the canal was closed, the strategic significance of the sea route around the Cape regained prominence, and in subsequent months, port traffic in South Africa increased. South Africa and the United Kingdom were already negotiating the status of the naval base at Simonstown, which was subsequently transferred to South Africa. In order to receive training from the Algerian National Liberation Army (Front de Libération Nationale - FLN) in preparation for the South African revolution, Nelson Mandela joined the revolutionary forces of Algeria in 1961. He visited FLN training camps where he established Umkhonto weSizwe (Spear ofthe Nation) or MK ofthe African National Congress (ANC). According to Mandela, his visits to Egypt were educational, whereas his encounters in Algeria served a different purpose. He received training in revolutionary strategy and tactics, as well as military instruction. All of these were crucial elements for him in shaping the ANC into a liberation movement. During a visit to Algeria following his release from prison, he declared that he deemed Algeria to be his home and that he regarded himself to be an Algerian. Algeria provided a great deal of military and diplomatic instruction to liberation movements. The Third World won a decisive diplomatic victory at Suez. The geopolitical implications of the crisis were thus widespread and significant. Several changes took place with regard to the policies of the nations involved and the climate of global affairs changed. The crisis resulted in significant geopolitical ramifications and had profound effects for the nations involved. Furthermore, within a wider regional framework, significant transformations occurred in the political structure of multiple nations. The crisis necessitated political decision modifications and the implementation of new policy ideas by the key stakeholders involved, including Egypt, Britain, France, and the USA. The crisis also had an influence on other countries, including South Africa. Undoubtedly, this particular juncture in history can be seen as being of significant consequence. Nasser emerged as a central figure in this crisis, garnering increased recognition both domestically and internationally. One notable accomplishment of his was his adeptness in retaining his position as the political leader of Egypt for a duration of 18 years, even in the face of significant opposition. He is generally recognised as an important political figure in modern Egyptian history and is highly respected as an emblematic figure in the Arab world. This is mostly due to his significant contributions to social justice, Arab unity, and unwavering resistance against colonialism and imperialism.

Tydens die Suezkrisis was die gedrukte media die primêre bron van kommunikasie en byvoorbeeld in Brittanje die belangrikste wyse waarop die publiek ingelig is. In die VSA het nuusberigte ook die krisis gedek, veral omdat dit President Eisenhower se grootste buitelandse beleidsuitdaging op daardie tydstip was. In Egipte het Nasser ywerig en behendig die pers en radio aangewend om sy binne- en buitelandse doelstellings te bereik. Toe die Veiligheidsraad verhinder is om internasionale vrede en veiligheid te handhaaf as gevolg van die vetoreg wat een van die permanente lede uitgeoefen het, het die Algemene Vergadering die aangeleentheid oorweeg en aanbevelings met die "Uniting for Peace"-prosedure gemaak, wat tot die stigting van die eerste vredesmag van die Verenigde Nasies gelei het. Kort voor die krisis is tweederdes van al Europa se olie deur die Suezkanaal verskeep. Die Suezkrisis het later aanleiding gegee tot die stigting van die Organisasie van Petroleum Uitvoerlande (OPUL) in 1960. Met die sluiting van die kanaal, is die aandag weereens op die strategiese waarde van die seeroete om die Kaap gevestig om die toenemende verkeer te kan akkommodeer. Teen daardie tyd was Suid-Afrika en Brittanje reeds besig om oor die vlootbasis te Simonstad te onderhandel wat later aan Suid-Afrika oorgedra is. Nelson Mandela het by die revolusionêre magte van Algerië aangesluit en militêre opleiding van hulle ontvang. Ander bevrydingsbewegings van Afrika het ook militêre en diplomatieke opleiding gekry. Die geopolitieke implikasies van die krisis was wydverspreid en betekenisvol.

Resumen La inversión uterina es una patología de presentación rara e infrecuente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con inversión uterina no puerperal con requerimiento de histerectomía abdominal total. Sin antecedentes de importancia asistió al servicio de urgencias por un cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal de 10 días de evolución asociado a sangrado vaginal abundante con inestabilidad hemodinámica y sensación de masa vaginal. Al examen físico se evidenció una masa sobresaliente del canal vaginal de aspecto necrótico, por lo que se sospechó mioma nascens. Durante la estancia hospitalaria presentó inestabilidad hemodinámica, por lo que fue llevada a histerectomía abdominal de urgencia con hallazgo de inversión uterina. La inversión uterina no puerperal es infrecuente. Es importante realizar un buen diagnóstico clínico apoyado de las imágenes si se encuentran disponibles, la intervención quirúrgica es necesaria y proporciona un buen pronóstico. La histerectomía vaginal no es sencilla en estos casos, por lo que se recomienda la histerectomía abdominal total.

Abstract Uterine inversion is a rare and infrequent disease. The case of a patient with a non-puerperal uterine inversion that had to be treated with a total abdominal hysterectomy is presented in this study. With no important history of disease, she attended the emergency department presenting abdominal pain in the last 10 days associated with vaginal bleeding and mass sensation. The physical examination revealed a protruding necrotic-like mass through the vagina, hence the suspicion of a myoma nascens. During her hospital ward stay, she presented hemodynamic instability, urgent abdominal hysterectomy had to be done which revealed uterine inversion. Non-puerperal uterine inversion is infrequent. Precise clinical diagnosis is important supported by diagnostic imaging if available. The surgical intervention is necessary, giving a good prognosis. Vaginal hysterectomy is not easy in this type of cases, therefore total abdominal hysterectomy is recommended.

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal are profoundly affected by the complexity of root and canal morphology. Undiscovered roots or canals may lead to a reduced prognosis of a treated tooth as hidden causative organisms and their by-products can cause re-infection. Most maxillary first molars have three roots, namely mesio-buccal (MB), disto-buccal (DB) and palatal (P). They can be separate or fused, with incidences varying between populations. Anomalies have also been documented that include single-rooted, double-rooted, four and even five-rooted teeth. Additional roots are mostly in the form of additional palatal roots and are known as either a radix mesiolingualis (RML) or radix distolingualis (RDL). This paper is the first of two giving an overview, focused on micro-CT, of available literature on various aspects of the root and canal morphology of the maxillary first permanent molar. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of the external root morphology in different populations. The content is supported by illustrative micro-CT images and case reports of rare morphological findings on maxillary first molars.

Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para isolar e caracterizar bactérias de amostras de água e solo retiradas do Canal Lahore, em Lahore, em diferentes locais, ou seja, Mall Road, Mohlanwal e Khera. As cepas bacterianas isoladas foram identificadas com base em testes morfológicos e bioquímicos. A identificação foi confirmada por cultura de bactérias em testes de meios seletivos. O teste de resistência aos antibióticos também foi realizado para observar a resistência das bactérias a diferentes antibióticos. Foi realizado o teste de ágar sangue para identificar diferentes bactérias patogênicas. O resultado revelou que amostras de água e solo do Canal Lahore, Lahore, de diferentes localidades estavam contaminadas com Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus sp. e Staphylococcus spp. Por causa da presença desses patógenos, essa água não é adequada para qualquer uso doméstico e de irrigação. O estudo revelou que a água do Canal Lahore é prejudicial à saúde humana, pois está contaminada com bactérias que podem causar doenças graves, por exemplo: Escherichia coli pode ocasionar gastroenterite; Bacillus spp. pode causar náuseas e vômitos; Enterococcus sp. pode infectar o trato urinário; Salmonella sp. é responsável pela bacteremia; Staphylococcus spp. pode causar febre leve; e Vibrio sp. pode ser a razão da cólera. Assim, torna-se imprópria para uso humano, como natação, banho, lavagem etc., até que algumas medidas corretivas sejam empregadas para erradicar microrganismos patogênicos por WASA e LWMS de acordo com os padrões da OMS. Da mesma forma, é bastante prejudicial, quando usada para irrigação sem tratamento adequado.

Abstract The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteria from water and soil sample taken from the Lahore Canal at different sites i.e. Mall Road, Mohlanwal and Khera site. Isolated bacterial strains were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical tests. Identification was confirmed by culturing bacteria on selective media. Antibiotic resistance test was also performed to observe the resistance of bacteria against different antibiotics. Blood agar test was performed for identification of different pathogenic bacteria. The result revealed that water and soil samples of Lahore Canal Lahore from different sites were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus spp. Due to presence of these pathogens, this water is not suitable for any domestic and irrigation use. Study also revealed that water of the Lahore Canal is harmful for human health as it is contaminated with bacteria that can cause severe disease e.g., Escherichia coli can cause gastroenteritis, Bacillus spp. can cause nausea and vomiting, Enterococcus may infect urinary tract, Salmonella sp. is responsible for Bacteremia, Staphylococcus spp. can cause mild fever and Vibrio sp. can be the reason of cholera. Thus it is rendered unfit for any kind of human use even other than drinking like swimming, bathing, washing etc., until and unless some remedial measures are employed to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms by WASA and LWMS according to standards of WHO. Similarly, it is quite harmful, when and where ever it is used for irrigation without proper treatment.

Abstract The pandemic has had quite an impact on the way we teach and learn. During that time, Brazilian universities implemented remote learning for more than 15 months. While the initial move was a reaction to an emergency and saw the transposition of many classes to the virtual mode, the following months saw the flourishing of initiatives that enhanced learning by streamlining the use of digital technology. In this context, this descriptive qualitative study employs an exploratory multiple case approach to investigate the affordances in the digital context tertiary students use to facilitate engagement with computer-mediated peer feedback during a course of academic literacies in English at a university in Brazil. Data come from individual semi-structured interviews, online peer-to-peer feedback meeting recordings, and retrospective individual interviews with three pairs of students. The participants are tertiary learners who had two online meetings, using Google Meet, to discuss their peer feedback on two texts they wrote for the course over one semester. Results indicate that online peer conferences offer a multimodal communication channel where different semiotic aspects play a role in mediating written input. In addition, WhatsApp was extensively used for informal peer feedback. We conclude with pedagogical implications and suggest actions so that learners can harness the full potential offered by these tools.

Resumo A pandemia teve um grande impacto na forma como ensinamos e aprendemos. Durante esse tempo, as universidades brasileiras implementaram o ensino remoto por mais de 15 meses. Se inicialmente esse movimento foi uma reação emergencial e observou-se a transposição de muitas aulas presenciais para o modo virtual, nos meses seguintes observaram-se novas iniciativas que potencializaram o aprendizado mobilizando de forma eficiente o uso da tecnologia digital. Nesse contexto, este estudo descritivo qualitativo emprega uma abordagem exploratória de casos múltiplos para investigar os propiciamentos no contexto digital que os alunos do ensino superior usam para facilitar o engajamento com feedback por pares mediado por computador durante um curso de letramento acadêmico em inglês em uma universidade no Brasil. Os dados provêm de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, gravações de reuniões do feedback em duplas e seções de visionamentos individuais com três pares de alunos. Os participantes são alunos do ensino superior que tiveram duas reuniões online, usando o Google Meet, para discutir o feedback de seus colegas sobre dois textos que escreveram para o curso ao longo de um semestre. Os resultados indicam que as conferências online oferecem um canal de comunicação multimodal, em que diferentes aspectos semióticos desempenham um papel na mediação do insumo escrito. Além disso, o WhatsApp foi amplamente utilizado para feedback informal de colegas. Concluímos o trabalho com implicações pedagógicas e sugerimos ações para que os aprendizes possam aproveitar todo o potencial oferecido por essas ferramentas.

Abstract Health is a complex of situations of living conditions aligned to contexts and places at a given time. The redress process based on the expanded understanding of health is a set of rights, actions, and measures carried out by different subjects in the different dimensions of life. This article aims to analyze the perceptions and redress actions directed to peasants who suffered material and symbolic losses during the transposition of the São Francisco River, in Sertânia, Pernambuco. This is a case study with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were peasants over 18 years of age, of without specifying gender, living in three peasant communities near the Eixo Leste of the transposition. Semi-structured interviews and a participatory workshop were carried out in the communities. An insufficiency in the recognition of reparation rights by the inhabitants and, consequently, a non-effectiveness of the actions developed to that end were observed. Remedial actions focused on monetary compensation from the loss of material goods, but were often undersized or even absent. It is essential that the repair be thought of from the perspective of the complexity of the case, considering all dimensions of health and life.

Resumo A saúde é um complexo de situações de condições de vida alinhadas a contextos e lugares no tempo. O processo de reparação a partir do entendimento ampliado da saúde é um conjunto de direitos, ações e medidas protagonizadas por diferentes sujeitos nas diversas dimensões da vida. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as percepções e ações de reparação direcionadas a camponeses que sofreram perdas materiais e simbólicas no decurso das obras da transposição do Rio São Francisco, em Sertânia, Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram camponeses maiores de 18 anos, sem especificação de sexo, residentes em três comunidades nas proximidades do canal Eixo Leste da transposição. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas nas comunidades e uma oficina participativa. Observou-se que há uma insuficiência no reconhecimento dos direitos de reparação pelos habitantes e, consequentemente, uma não efetivação das ações desenvolvidas nesse aspecto. As ações de reparação focaram compensações monetárias para a perda de bens materiais, porém sendo muitas vezes subdimensionadas ou até mesmo ausentes. É imprescindível que a reparação seja pensada na perspectiva da complexidade do caso, considerando todas as dimensões da saúde e da vida.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar y analizar los incidentes de productos médicos subestándares, falsificados, no registrados y robados al inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Búsqueda detallada en los sitios web de las autoridades reguladoras de las Américas. Identificación de los incidentes de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos (incluidos los de diagnóstico in vitro) subestándares falsificados, no registrados y robados. Se determinaron los tipos de productos, las etapas de la cadena de suministro en las que se detectaron y las medidas tomadas por las autoridades. Resultados. Se identificaron 1 273 incidentes en 15 países (1 087 productos subestándares, 44 falsificados, 123 no registrados y 19 robados). La mayor cantidad de incidentes corresponden a dispositivos médicos, desinfectantes y antisépticos. El punto en la cadena de suministro con mayor frecuencia de informes fue la adquisición a través de internet. Las medidas tomadas por las autoridades reguladoras corresponden en su mayoría a: alerta, prohibición de uso, prohibición de publicidad y fabricación, retiro del mercado y seguimiento de eventos adversos. Conclusiones. Se evidenció un número destacable de incidentes de productos médicos subestándares, falsificados, no registrados y robados al inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19. La escasez de insumos, la flexibilización en los requisitos regulatorios y el aumento de la demanda son factores que pueden favorecer el incremento del número de incidentes. Las autoridades reguladoras nacionales de referencia presentaron mayores frecuencias de detección de incidentes y de aplicación de medidas sanitarias. Se observó que se debe abordar el canal de venta por internet con alguna estrategia reguladora para garantizar la distribución segura de productos médicos.

ABSTRACT Objective. Identify and analyze incidents of substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medical products at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Detailed search of the websites of regulatory authorities in the Americas. Identification of incidents of substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medicines and medical devices (including in vitro diagnostics). The types of products were determined, as were the stages in the supply chain where they were detected, and the actions taken by authorities. Results. A total of 1 273 incidents were identified in 15 countries (1 087 substandard, 44 falsified, 123 unregistered, and 19 stolen products). The largest number of incidents involved medical devices, disinfectants, and antiseptics. The most frequently reported point in the supply chain was online purchasing. The principal measures taken by the regulatory authorities were: alerts, prohibition of use, prohibition of advertising and manufacture, recall, and monitoring of adverse events. Conclusions. A substantial number of incidents involving substandard, falsified, unregistered, and stolen medical products at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. Shortages of supplies, easing of regulatory requirements, and increased demand are factors that may have led to an increase in the number of incidents. The national regulatory authorities of reference reported more frequent detection of incidents and more frequent application of health measures. A regulatory strategy is needed in order to address online sales and ensure the safe distribution of medical products.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar e analisar incidentes de produtos médicos abaixo do padrão, falsificados, não registrados e roubados no início da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Foi realizada uma busca detalhada nos sites das autoridades reguladoras das Américas. Foram identificados incidentes envolvendo medicamentos e dispositivos médicos (incluindo para diagnóstico in vitro) abaixo do padrão, falsificados, não registrados e roubados. Foram determinados os tipos de produtos, os estágios da cadeia de abastecimento em que foram detectados e as medidas tomadas pelas autoridades. Resultados. Foram identificados 1 273 incidentes em 15 países (1 087 produtos abaixo do padrão, 44 falsificados, 123 não registrados e 19 roubados). O maior número de incidentes estava relacionado a dispositivos médicos, desinfetantes e antissépticos. O ponto na cadeia de abastecimento com a maior frequência de relatos foi a de aquisição pela internet. As medidas tomadas pelas autoridades reguladoras foram principalmente alertas, proibições de uso, proibições de publicidade e fabricação, recolhimento de produtos do mercado e monitoramento de eventos adversos. Conclusões. Houve um número significativo de incidentes envolvendo produtos médicos abaixo do padrão falsificados, não registrados e roubados no início da pandemia de COVID-19. A escassez de insumos, a flexibilização das exigências regulatórias e o aumento da demanda são fatores que podem levar a um maior número de incidentes. As autoridades reguladoras nacionais de referência informaram um aumento na frequência de detecção de incidentes e implementação de medidas sanitárias. O canal de vendas pela internet precisa ser abordado com alguma estratégia regulatória para garantir a distribuição segura de produtos médicos.

Abstract The current level of anthropogenic impact on open water sources shows a decrease in the quality of surface runoff, a constantly growing volume of water withdrawal for economic purposes, exerting the greatest significant impact and damage on the hydrobiological resources of water sources. The processes of interaction between subjects of hydro-biocenosis force us to study the mechanisms of interaction between fish, water flow, and hydraulic structure (channel), including the optimization of elements of hydraulic structures that affect the environmental safety of a water source as a whole. We noted the main formation patterns of the structure of a turbulent flow and its interaction with a hydraulic structure (channel), such as the pulsating nature of the aquatic environment, heterogeneous structure, gradient nature, and vortex structure. We analyzed the advantages and features of the effect of three-dimensional flow-forming elements on the behavior of fish. We developed the design and method of designing a bottom flow-forming element for controlling the behavior of fish in a river flow, substantiated geometrical parameters, created an optimal layout of bottom flow-forming elements in artificial channels. We provided an assessment of the use of technical solutions for flow-forming elements of existing and reconstructed fish protection facilities.

Resumo O nível atual de impacto antropogênico em mananciais abertos indica uma diminuição na qualidade do escoamento superficial, um volume cada vez maior de captação de água para fins econômicos, exercendo o maior impacto e danos significativos sobre os recursos hidrobiológicos dos mananciais. Os processos de interação entre sujeitos da biocenose aquática nos obrigam a estudar os mecanismos de interação entre peixes, fluxo de água e estrutura hidráulica (canal), incluindo a otimização de elementos de estruturas hidráulicas que afetam a segurança ambiental de fontes de água como todo. Observamos os principais padrões de formação da estrutura de um escoamento turbulento e sua interação com uma estrutura hidráulica (canal), como a natureza pulsante do ambiente aquático, sua estrutura heterogênea, natureza gradiente e formação de vórtices. Analisamos as vantagens e características do efeito de elementos tridimensionais formadores de fluxo no comportamento dos peixes. Desenvolvemos o projeto e o método de projeto para um elemento formador de fluxo de fundo visando controlar o comportamento de peixes em um fluxo de rio, substanciamos parâmetros geométricos, criamos um layout otimizado para elementos formadores de fluxo de fundo em canais artificiais. Fornecemos uma avaliação do uso de soluções técnicas para elementos formadores de fluxo em instalações existentes e reconstruídas para a proteção de peixes.

ABSTRACT: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a hard tick endemic in livestock-growing regions and causes economic losses in the largest beef-producing countries, including Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Australia and Uruguay. The use of chemical acaricides is still the main strategy to control R. microplusinfestations. Nevertheless, immunological control of R. microplus with an anti-tick vaccine is a suitable alternative and has manifold advantages because it can avoid drug-resistance and the presence of acaricide residues in milk, beef and in the environment. Indeed, vaccines based on the Bm86 antigen have had relative commercial and technical success to control R. microplus in some regions. Although, the efficacy of such vaccines varies among tick populations and is insufficient to provide an acceptable level of protection. Therefore, the need to search for better antigens is impelling. This review focused on the restrictions imposed on the use of acaricides in Brazil and in the European Union, as well as on the impacts of Bm86-based vaccines on R. microplus control. The efficacy of experimental anti-tick vaccines (based on subolesin, glutathione S-transferase, ferritin 2; voltage-dependent anion channel; aquaporin, 60 S acidic ribosomal protein, metalloprotease and trypsin) that can elicit an immune response against the physiological functions of various ticks is discussed.

RESUMO: O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é um carrapato duro que é endêmico de regiões de pecuária e causa perdas econômicas nos maiores países produtores de carne bovina, incluindo Brasil, México, Argentina, Austrália e Uruguai. O uso de acaricidas ainda é a principal estratégia para controlar infestações por R. microplus. No entanto, o controle imunológico do R. microplus com uma vacina contra carrapatos é uma alternativa adequada e possui diversas vantagens, por evitar a seleção de populações de carrapato resistentes a drogas, evitar a presença de resíduos de acaricidas no leite, na carne e no ambiente. As vacinas baseadas no antígeno Bm86 tiveram relativo sucesso comercial e técnico no controle do R. microplus em diversas regiões. No entanto, a eficácia dessas vacinas varia entre as populações de carrapatos e é insuficiente para fornecer um nível aceitável de proteção. Portanto, há uma necessidade de procurar novos antígenos. Esta revisão foca nas restrições impostas ao uso de acaricidas no Brasil e na União Europeia, bem como nos impactos das vacinas baseadas em Bm86 no controle do R. microplus. Também é discutida a eficácia de vacinas anti-carrapatos experimentais (baseadas em subolesina, glutationa S-transferase, ferritina 2; canal aniônico dependente de voltagem; aquaporina, proteína ribossômica ácida 60S, metaloprotease, tripsina) que podem elicitar uma resposta imune contra as funções fisiológicas de vários carrapatos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal shaping effect of ProTaper Gold (PTG) versus ProTaper Next (PTN) instrumentation systems, and of a manual #15 K-type file (K15) versus the ProGlider (PG) mechanized instrument for glide path creation, in severely curved mesial canals. Twenty-four mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals were anatomically matched using computed tomographic scanning, and then divided into two groups (n=12) according to the glide path instrument used, either K15 or PG. In all teeth, the PTG system was used to prepare the mesiobuccal canal, and the PTN, the mesiolingual canal. The teeth were scanned by computed microtomography, before and after root canal preparation, and the values of the initial volume, final volume, volumetric variation, untouched walls, and canal transportation variables were determined. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test, and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons. There was no significant difference among the study groups regarding volumetric variation or root canal transportation, either in the cervical, middle or apical thirds, or in the entire root canal (p>0.05). In the apical third, the percentage of untouched walls was significantly higher in groups using K15 than in those using PG (p<0.05), namely 33.144% and 23.285%, respectively, irrespective of the instrumentation system. In the other regions, there was no difference between K15 and PG regarding this variable. It was concluded that PG was associated with a lower rate of untouched walls in the apical region than K15.

Abstract Congress overflows are economic structures to increase the output efficiency of the overflow in a limited width, which can be seen in the plan in the form of a trapezoid, triangle, etc. Increasing the overflow capacity by increasing its width is not always possible, the use of congress overflows is due to the increase of their effective length in hydraulic height and specific width. In this research, the effect of the geometric shape of concourse overflows in direct and lateral flow modes in channels is evaluat-ed. For this purpose, three rectangular, trapezoidal, and semicircular overflows have been chosen in such a way that their length is equal. These three spillways have been used in the direct and lateral paths after verification and calibration, and their discharge coefficients have been obtained. Flow3D software is used in numerical modeling. For validation and calibration, numerical modeling of direct sharp edge overflow and triangular and trapezoidal congressional shapes has been done and the results show a high 90 % agreement between numerical and laboratory results. After verification and calibra-tion, the above-mentioned congress overflows were used simultaneously in the direct and lateral paths. In all cases of discharge of the flow passing through the direct and lateral overflow obtained by using the relationship of overflows, the discharge coefficients were determined. The results of the numerical solution were verified with laboratory data to determine the flow rate of the overflow coefficient, which showed that there is a good match between the numerical and laboratory solutions and the Flow3D software has a high capability to simulate the flow on congressional overflows. The results show that under the same conditions and high flow rates, H/P > 0.2, the flow coefficient of congressional over-flows in the straight channel is about 0.8 and in the lateral state is about 0.7. Also, on average, the side overflow flow rate is calculated as 40 % of the total channel flow rate. The best performance is related to the trapezoidal overflow and also by increasing the flow rate, the effect of the overflow shape can be saved.

Resumen Los aliviaderos de congreso son estructuras económicas para aumentar la eficacia de salida del alivia-dero en una anchura limitada, que puede verse en planta en forma de trapecio, triángulo, etc. Aumentar la capacidad del rebosadero aumentando su anchura no siempre es posible, el uso de rebosaderos de congresos se debe al aumento de su longitud efectiva en altura hidráulica y anchura específica. En esta investigación se evalúa el efecto de la forma geométrica de los rebosaderos de explanada en los modos de flujo directo y lateral en canales. Para ello, se han elegido 3 aliviaderos rectangulares, trapezoidales y semicirculares de forma que su longitud sea igual. Estos 3 aliviaderos se han utilizado en los modos directo y lateral tras su verificación y calibración, y se han obtenido sus coeficientes de descarga. Para la modelización numérica se ha utilizado el software Flow3D. Para la validación y calibración, se ha realizado la modelización numérica del aliviadero directo de borde agudo y las formas de congresión triangular y trapezoidal, y los resultados muestran una elevada concordancia del 90 % entre los resulta-dos numéricos y los de laboratorio. Tras la verificación y calibración, los rebosaderos de congreso mencionados se utilizaron simultáneamente en los recorridos directo y lateral. En todos los casos de descarga del caudal que pasa por el rebosadero directo y lateral obtenidos utilizando la relación de rebosaderos, se determinaron los coeficientes de descarga. Los resultados de la solución numérica se verificaron con datos de laboratorio para determinar el caudal del coeficiente de desbordamiento, lo que demostró que existe una buena concordancia entre las soluciones numérica y de laboratorio y que el software Flow3D tiene una gran capacidad para simular el caudal en desbordamientos congresivos. Los resultados muestran que, en las mismas condiciones y con caudales elevados, H/P > 0.2, el coeficiente de flujo de los desbordamientos congresuales en el canal recto es de aproximadamente 0.8 y en el estado lateral es de aproximadamente 0.7. Además, por término medio, el caudal de desbordamiento lateral se calcula como el 40 % del caudal total del canal. El mejor rendimiento está relacionado con el desbordamiento trapezoidal y, además, al aumentar el caudal, se puede salvar el efecto de la forma del desbordamiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adequate knowledge of the configuration of root canals is fundamental in endodontics; tomographic evaluation allows a correct assessment of their radicular arrangement. Objective: To determine the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars, evaluated by cone beam tomography. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out; the sample consisted of 200 permanent mandibular second molars from a Peruvian population, observed in cone beam tomography, where the presence of the C-shaped canal, its configuration according to Fan's classification and the patient's gender were recorded. Results: The prevalence of the C-shaped root canal configuration in lower second molars was 65.5%; according to the Fan classification, the highest prevalence was observed in the cervical third of the root canal, type C1 with 85.7%; in the middle third, type C2 with 42.9%; at the apical level it was type C3C with 72.1%; according to gender, 65.2% of the C-shaped canals corresponded to females. Conclusion: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars evaluated in cone beam tomography was 65.5% with a higher predominance in the female gender. The tomographic evaluation allows a better identification and internal configuration of the root canals.

RESUMEN Introducción: El conocimiento adecuado de la configuración de conductos radiculares es fundamental en endodoncia; la evaluación tomográfica permite una correcta evaluación de su disposición radicular. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de conductos en C de segundos molares mandibulares, evaluados en tomografía de haz cónico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 200 segundos molares mandibulares permanentes de una población peruana, observadas en tomografías cone beam, donde se registró la presencia del conducto en C, su configuración según la clasificación de Fan y el sexo del paciente. Resultados: La prevalencia de la configuración radicular en forma de C en segundos molares inferiores fue del 65,5 %; según la Clasificación de Fan se observó mayor prevalencia en el tercio cervical del conducto radicular el tipo C1 con 85,7 %; en el tercio medio el tipo C2 con 42,9 %; a nivel apical fue el tipo C3C con 72,1 %; según el sexo, el 65,2 % de los conductos en C correspondió al femenino. Conclusión: La prevalencia de los conductos en C de los segundos molares mandibulares evaluados en tomografías de haz cónico fue de 65,5 % con mayor predominio en el sexo femenino. La evaluación tomográfica permite una mejor identificación y configuración interna de los conductos radiculares.

Abstract Although the Internet and e-commerce have contributed positively to the tourism sector, there is not much empirical research on the transformation of distribution channels or that considers the use of the Internet in travel planning as an antecedent of tourist satisfaction and loyalty. This paper aims to test the influence of online distribution channels in trip planning by tourists on their general satisfaction level and their loyalty towards the destination and to differentiate the profile of digital and traditional tourists. Quantitative research techniques are used to analyse the dataset of 1,387 surveys of tourists visiting the province of Burgos, Spain. Among those surveyed, 65% search for information online and 54% book or pay for services online. According to ordinal regression analysis, the use of online channels does not significantly influence the level of satisfaction, but according to binary logistic regression, it does significantly influence loyalty. The findings provide valuable information for developing marketing strategies in tourism organisations and support decision-makers in creating competitive tourism destinations that are resilient to the demographic challenge of depopulation.

Resumen A pesar de que Internet y el comercio electrónico han contribuido positivamente al sector turístico, no existen muchas investigaciones empíricas sobre la transformación de los canales de distribución ni que consideren el uso de Internet en la planificación del viaje como un antecedente de la satisfacción y lealtad del turista. Este trabajo pretende comprobar la influencia de los canales de distribución online en la planificación del viaje de los turistas sobre su nivel de satisfacción global y su lealtad al destino y diferenciar el perfil de los turistas digitales y tradicionales. Se utilizan técnicas de investigación cuantitativa para analizar el conjunto de datos formado por 1.387 encuestas de turistas que visitan la provincia de Burgos, España. Entre los encuestados, el 65% busca información online y el 54% reserva o paga servicios online. Según el análisis de regresión ordinal, el uso de los canales en línea no influye significativamente en el nivel de satisfacción, pero según la regresión logística binaria, influye significativamente en la lealtad. Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing en las organizaciones turísticas y apoyan a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en la creación de destinos turísticos competitivos resilientes ante el reto demográfico de la despoblación.

This work, in dialogue with the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Dialogical Perspective of Language, developed by the Bakhtin Circle (BAKHTIN, 2008 [1963]; VOLOCHINOV [1920] (2017), aims to present an analysis of statements in the commentary genre online regarding the video “How to put together a curriculum for Homeschooling”, part of the YouTube channel entitled “Canal Educalar. “Homeschooling”, conceptualized in this work as domestic schooling (PENNA, 2019; TRAVERSINNI and LOCKMANN, 2022), is a phenomenon educational system in which the right of the family to replace, in the domestic space, the formal schooling commonly carried out in the school space is claimed. This phenomenon gained prominence for being affiliated with the neoliberal and conservative assumptions disseminated throughout the Bolsonaro government (2018-2022). Thus, the analysis of the 41 comments, present in the video, was based on the methodological paths present in Volochínov (2017) , Rodrigues (2005) and Remenche and Rohling (2016) , in which we focused on observing, firstly, the social dimension of the online comment genre to later analyze the verbal dimension. From the analysis of the comments, we noticed the derogatory construction of the school space as a space harmful to the student's development, as well as the discursivization of homeschooling as a possibility of protecting diversity social and students with specific educational needs. The link to neoliberal and conservative projects was also present, as responsive attitudes of positive valuation to such discursivities. Furthermore, in linguistic materiality, there was the use of derogatory emojis in relation to the school, which highlights the socio-communicative potential of the genre in the evaluative accent of the statement.

Este trabalho, em diálogo com os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Perspectiva Dialógica da Linguagem, elaborada pelo Círculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 2008 [1963]; VOLOCHINOV [1920] (2017), destina-se a apresentar uma análise de enunciados do gênero comentário online a respeito do vídeo “Como montar um currículo para Homeschooling”, integrante do canal de Youtube intitulado “Canal Educalar. O “Homeschooling”, conceituado neste trabalho como escolarização doméstica (PENNA, 2019; TRAVERSINNI e LOCKMANN, 2022), é um fenômeno educacional em que se reclama o direito de a família substituir, no espaço doméstico, a escolarização formal realizada comumente no espaço escolar. Tal fenômeno ganhou destaque por filiar-se aos pressupostos neoliberais e conservadores difundidos ao longo do governo Bolsonaro (2018-2022).&nbsp; Desse modo, a análise dos 41 comentários, presentes no vídeo, pautou-se nos percursos metodológicos presentes em Volochínov (2017) , Rodrigues (2005)&nbsp; e Remenche e Rohling (2016) , em que nos debruçamos a observar, primeiramente, a dimensão social do gênero comentário online para, posteriormente, analisarmos a dimensão verbal.A partir da análise dos comentários, percebeu-se a construção depreciativa do espaço escolar como um espaço prejudicial ao desenvolvimento do aluno, bem como a discursivização do homeschooling como possibilidade de proteção à diversidade social e a alunos com necessidades educacionais específicas. Mostrou-se presente, também, a vinculação aos projetos neoliberais e conservadores, como atitudes responsivas de valoração positiva a tais discursividades. Além disso, na materialidade linguageira, houve o uso de emojis depreciativos em relação à escola, o que evidencia o potencial sociocomunicativo do gênero no acento valorativo do enunciado.