Abstract The main causes of poor performance of cement-treated crushed stones (CTCS) pavement layers are material-related heterogeneity, porosity, and brittle cementitious matrix, leading to fast fatigue degradation. Seeking to improve CTCS mechanical properties and structural response it was studied different grading curves such as DER-SP, EN 14227-1 CBGM 2 and RCC-ACI were studied. The aim of the laboratory study was to rank and select among the classical particle size distribution models like Talbot & Richart, and analytical models as compressible packing model – CPM, the best grading curve which was capable of producing mixtures with the best aggregate interlocking and improved mechanical resistances. The effect of cement content (4% and 5%) as well as the potential of using silica fume in suspension (percentages of 5, 7 and 10% of cement mass) to improve the interfacial transition zone were evaluated. It was found that CPM is a powerful tool for aggregates ranking aggregates and designing well-graded mixtures like CTCS; the CBGM 2 EN 14227-1 mean curve achieved the best packing density. The effect of increasing the cement content from 4 to 5% in terms of mechanical strength has the same result as the addition of 7% of silica fume in mixtures with 4% cement. Eventually, mixtures with 5% cement and 10% silica fume showed modulus of elasticity similar to traditional CTCS; nonetheless, the HP-CTCS (high performance CTCS) split tensile strength was significantly higher (about 28%), leading to a lower Et,sp/fct,sp relationship, which is a highly positive outcome to improve mechanical durability of this innovative dry compacted concrete.

Resumo As principais causas do desempenho insatisfatório de bases de brita graduada tratada com cimento (BGTC) está relacionada à sua matriz cimentícia heterogênea, porosa e frágil que favorece o processo de degradação por fadiga. Assim, buscando melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e resposta estrutural da BGTC, o presente estudo avaliou diferentes faixas granulométricas (DER-SP, CBGM 2 EN 14227-1 e CCR-ACI) através de modelos clássicos de distribuição de partículas como Talbot & Richart e modelo analítico do empacotamento compressível (compressible packing model – CPM) para classificar e selecionar curvas granulométricas capazes de potencializar o empacotamento das partículas e melhorar a resistência mecânica da mistura. O efeito do teor de cimento (4 e 5%) foi avaliado, bem como o potencial de se utilizar sílica ativa em suspensão (em porcentagens de 5, 7 e 10% da massa de cimento) para modificar a zona de transição interfacial. Verificou-se que o CPM é uma poderosa ferramenta para a seleção e projeto de misturas bem graduadas; a curva média para a faixa CBGM 2 da norma Europeia EN 14227-1 apresentou a maior densidade de empacotamento. O efeito do aumento do teor de cimento de 4% para 5%, em termos de resistência mecânica, poderia ser compensado pela adição de 7% de sílica ativa à mistura com 4% de cimento. Por fim, misturas com 5% de cimento e 10% de sílica ativa apresentaram valores de módulo de elasticidade muito similares àqueles tradicionalmente obtidos para BGTC; contudo, a resistência à tração indireta da BGTCAD foi significativamente maior (em torno de 28%), levando à uma relação modular (Et,sp/fct,sp) menor, o que é promissor em termos durabilidade mecânica para esse tipo de concreto seco.

Abstract This article tackles the forms of appropriation of the recent past by new generations through the analysis of a corpus composed of productions made by youth groups from different localities of the province of Buenos Aires, performed within the framework of the Jóvenes y Memoria program organized by the CPM since the year 2002. The goal is to demonstrate that the transmission of the past to the new generations is not limited to the teaching of history or a legacy of lessons, but that it is possible for new generations to establish themselves as active subjects in the process of elaboration of past experiences. These re-elaborations pick up stories, protagonists and pieces of the past that are not part of the canonical memories that are prominent in the public sphere and in school.

Resumen El artículo aborda las formas de apropiación de las nuevas generaciones del pasado reciente a través del análisis de un corpus compuesto por producciones de grupos de jóvenes de distintas localidades de la provincia de Buenos Aires realizadas en el marco de la experiencia del Programa Jóvenes y memoria articulado por la Comisión Provincial por la Memoria desde el año 2002. Lo que se pretende demostrar es que la transmisión del pasado a las nuevas generaciones no se reduce a la enseñanza de la historia o al legado de lecciones, sino que es posible que las nuevas generaciones se constituyan en sujetos activos en el proceso elaboración de las experiencias pasadas, de modo tal que las reconstruyan recogiendo historias, protagonistas y dimensiones del pasado que no son parte de las memorias canonícas que mayor predominancia tienen en la esfera pública y en la escuela.

Resumen Introducción: Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas son poco frecuentes en niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas, imagenológicas y tratamiento de los pacientes con esta patología. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con datos de los pacientes con malformaciones pulmonares congénitas diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Perú) entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2020. Se describieron las características clínicas, imagenológicas, el tipo de malformación pulmonar congénita y el tratamiento. Resultados: La muestra fue de 70 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 29 meses, la relación masculino/femenino fue 1.4. En la tomografía de tórax se encontró compromiso parenquimal en 50 (71.4%) casos, y compromiso mixto (parenquimal y vascular) en 18 (25.7%). La malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar se observó en 39 (55.7%) casos, seguida del quiste broncogénico en 10 (14.3%), secuestro pulmonar intralobar en 9 (12.9%) y secuestro pulmonar extralobar en 7 (10%). La lobectomía fue realizada en 61 (87.1%) casos, la quistectomía en 5 (7.1%), segmentectomía en 2 (2.9%) y embolización en 2 (2.9%). La complicación posquirúrgica más frecuente fue la neumonía en 9 (12.9%) casos. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 26 días. Ningún paciente falleció durante la hospitalización. Conclusiones: En nuestra institución, la malformación pulmonar congénita más frecuente fue la malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar, y la lobectomía el procedimiento quirúrgico más comúnmente realizado. Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas representan un grupo diverso de trastornos del desarrollo pulmonar con variados patrones imagenológicos y manifestaciones clínicas.

Abstract Background: Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPMs) are rare in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of patients with this pathology. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study with data from patients with CPMs diagnosed at Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru), from January 2010 to December 2020. We described CPM clinical and imaging characteristics, type and treatment. Results: The sample was formed of 70 patients. The median age was 29 months (range 15 days-14 years) and the male/female ratio was 1.4. The chest tomography found parenchymal involvement in 50 (71.4%) cases and mixed involvement (parenchymal and vascular) in 18 (25.7%) cases. Congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway was present in 39 (55.7%) cases, followed by bronchogenic cyst in 10 (14.3%), intralobar pulmonary sequestration in 9 (12.9%), and extralobar pulmonary sequestration in 7 (10%). Lobectomy was performed in 61 (87.1%) cases, cystectomy in 5 (7.1%), segmentectomy in 2 (2.9%), and embolization in 2 (2.9%). The most frequent post-operative complication was pneumonia, found in 9 (12.9%) cases. The median hospital stay was 26 days. No patient died during hospitalization. Conclusions: In our institution, the most frequent CPM was congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway, and lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure. CPMs represent a diverse group of disorders of lung development with varied imaging patterns and clinical manifestations.

This study aims to describe how the advanced campus of Patos de Minas (CPM) of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) is managed, identify and analyze the positive and negative aspects of the administrative management model adopted. This is a qualitative study developed from semi-structured interviews with servers with experience in university management, and online sessions that obtained 298 participants (45.78% of the CPM faculty, students and technicians). The research followed Bardin's content analysis guidelines. As a result, it was concluded that the CPM presents a bureaucratic administrative management, but with elements of the political model in its decision-making processes. The main positive points are the good relationship and dialogue between the CPM and the headquarters and among the negative aspects are the low autonomy and high centralization in the management of the Patos de Minas campus. Among the main recommendations for improvement pointed out by the study, the following stand out: bringing the decision-making structure closer to the student, increasing the decision-making power of local managers, formalizing a policy of good relationship between the advanced campus and the headquarters, and making administrative management more flexible.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir cómo se gestiona el campus avanzado de Patos de Minas (CPM) de la Universidad Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), para identificar y analizar las fortalezas y debilidades del modelo de gestión administrativa adoptado. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo desarrollado a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios, con experiencia en gestión universitaria, y cuestionarios online que obtuvieron 298 participantes (45,78% del profesorado, estudiantes y técnicos del CPM). La investigación siguió las pautas de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Como resultado, se concluyó que el CPM presenta una gestión administrativa mayoritariamente burocrática, pero con fuertes elementos del modelo político en sus procesos de toma de decisiones. Las principales fortalezas involucran la buena relación y diálogo entre el CPM y la sede y entre los puntos negativos se destaca la baja autonomía y alta centralización en la gestión del campus de Patos de Minas. Entre las principales recomendaciones de mejora señaladas por el estudio destacan: acercar la estructura de toma de decisiones al alumno, incrementar el poder de decisión de los gestores locales, formalizar una política de buena relación entre el campus avanzado y el sede y flexibilización de la gestión administrativa.

Este estudo visa descrever como é administrado o campus avançado de Patos de Minas (CPM) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e analisar os aspectos positivos e negativos do modelo de gestão administrativa adotado. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com servidores, com experiência em gestão universitária, e questionários online que obteve 298 participantes (45,78% do corpo docente, discente e técnico do CPM). A pesquisa observou as diretrizes da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Como resultados, concluiu-se que o CPM apresenta uma gestão administrativa burocrática, mas com elementos do modelo político em seus processos de tomada de decisão. Os principais aspectos positivos envolvem o bom relacionamento e diálogo entre o CPM e a sede e entre os aspectos negativos destacam-se a baixa autonomia e elevada centralização na gestão do campus Patos de Minas. Dentre as principais recomendações de melhoria apontadas pelo estudo, destacam-se: aproximar a estrutura decisória do estudante, aumentar o poder de decisão dos gestores locais, formalizar política de bom relacionamento entre o campus avançado e a sede e flexibilizar a gestão administrativa.

ABSTRACT The Triplet-Septet (TS) set of melon cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) race differentials (CPMRD) was established to provide an international means for objective and uniform identification and designation on CPM races. The Area Under Disease Progress Stairs (AUDPS) method for disease progress estimation was derived from the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) method, and both have been used to evaluate disease progress on other crops. We aimed to identify a melon CPM race on the TS melon CPMRD, and estimate disease progress thereon using AUDPC and AUDPS. Plants were inoculated at the 3 to 4 true leaf stage. Severity of CPM infection was evaluated on the 21 TS melon CPMRD at 15, 22, 32, and 41 days after inoculation (DAI) using a visual scale. The CPM population in the greenhouse was identified as race S based on reactions of a set of 11 commonly used melon CPMRD, and it may also be designated as 127.127.126 on the TS melon CPMRD. AUDPS identified higher levels of disease than AUDPC, and its results agreed with those obtained by the commonly used melon CPMRD conventional race identification methods (current and Triplet-Septet). AUDPS can be used to evaluate the disease progress on CPM.

Resumen Los productos fabricados actualmente tienen varias características de calidad, todas tienen importancia para el cliente, y controlarlas y evaluarlas se ha convertido en una actividad de primer interés. La industria automotriz establece índices de capacidad para evaluar la capacidad de los procesos donde se tiene únicamente una variable de respuesta, y cuando estos son estables se recomienda utilizar el Cp y el Cpk como medibles de la capacidad del proceso de manufactura para manufacturar productos que cumplan con las especificaciones y sean catalogados como productos de calidad. Para evaluar la calidad completa de un producto, la cual depende de que se cumpla con varias características de calidad simultáneamente, existen propuestas en la literatura de cómo medir la capacidad de procesos multivariados; la mayoría de estas coinciden en que se debe establecer claramente una región de especificación que represente lo que establece el cliente y otra región que muestre la variación como medida de desempeño del proceso. En la definición de ambas regiones existe una gran controversia entre los autores, lo que lleva a presentar esta nueva propuesta, mediante la cual se definen de manera confiable estas dos regiones mencionadas, y al hacer una comparación entre ellas se pueden obtener los índices de capacidad multivariados Cpm y el Cpkm y el como una extensión de los índices univariados Cp y el Cpk. El documento incluye el análisis de datos de un proceso donde el producto, para ser de buena calidad, debe cumplir con dos características de calidad simultáneamente. Las mediciones obtenidas del proceso se pueden representar por una distribución normal multivariada, lo que permite medir la capacidad del proceso utilizando los índices propuestos y realizar una interpretación de estos en relación con el desempeño del proceso.

Abstract Currently manufactured products have several quality characteristics, all of which are important to the customer, and controlling and evaluating them has become an activity of prime interest. The automotive industry establishes capacity indices to evaluate the capacity of processes where there is only one response variable, and when these are stable, it recommends using Cp and Cpk as measures of the capacity of the manufacturing process to manufacture products that comply with specifications and are cataloged as quality products. To evaluate the complete quality of a product, which depends on meeting several quality characteristics simultaneously, there are proposals in the literature on how to measure the capability of multivariate processes; most of these agree that a specification region should be clearly established to represent the customer's requirements and another region to show the variation as a measure of process performance. In the definition of both regions there is a great controversy among the authors, which leads to present this new proposal, by which these two regions are defined in a reliable way, and by making a comparison between them, the multivariate capacity indexes Cpm and Cpkm can be obtained as an extension of the univariate indexes Cp and Cpk. The document includes the data analysis of a process where the product to be of good quality must meet two quality characteristics simultaneously. The measurements obtained from the process can be represented by a multivariate normal distribution, which allows measuring the process capability using the proposed indexes and interpreting them in relation to the process performance.

Resumo Os produtos fabricados atualmente possuem diversas características de qualidade, todas importantes para o cliente, e controlá-los e avaliá-los tornou-se uma atividade de grande interesse. A indústria automotiva estabelece índices de capacidade para avaliar a capacidade de processos onde há apenas uma variável de resposta, e quando estes estão estáveis, recomenda o uso de Cp e Cpk como medidas da capacidade do processo de fabricação em fabricar produtos que atendam às especificações e sejam catalogados como produtos de qualidade. Para avaliar a qualidade completa de um produto, que depende do cumprimento de várias características de qualidade simultaneamente, existem propostas na literatura sobre como medir a capacidade de processos multivariados; a maioria concorda que uma definição clara deve ser estabelecida. que representa o que o cliente estabelece e outra região que mostra a variação como medida de desempenho do processo. Na definição de ambas as regiões há grande controvérsia entre os autores, o que leva a apresentar esta nova proposta, pela qual estas duas regiões são definidas de forma fiável, e fazendo uma comparação entre elas é possível obter os índices de capacidade multivariados Cpm e Cpkm como uma extensão dos índices univariados Cp e Cpk. O documento inclui a análise de dados de um processo onde o produto para ser de boa qualidade deve atender a duas características de qualidade simultaneamente. As medições obtidas a partir do processo podem ser representadas por uma distribuição normal multivariada, permitindo que a capacidade do processo seja medida utilizando os índices propostos e uma interpretação destes índices em relação ao desempenho do processo.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil nociceptivo e o uso de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador. Além disso, os limiares nociceptivos e a integridade do sistema inibidor descendente, o catastrofismo da dor e a prevalência de dor nociceptiva ou neuropática também foram analisados. Métodos Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade La Salle (1.325.433/2015). Quarenta pacientes (maiores de 18 anos) submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador (divididos entre aqueles com lesões pequenas e grandes) participaram do estudo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala Funcional de Dor, a Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), o Teste Sensorial Quantitativo (QST) e a Tarefa de Modulação Condicionada da Dor (CPM). Resultados Os pacientes apresentaram diferenças significativas nos limiares de dor e QST de calor (teste t de amostras independentes) e qualidade do sono, humor e ansiedade (teste t pareado) nos grupos pré-operatórios. Houve uma correlação significativa entre CPM pré-operatória e EVA pós-operatória (correlação de Pearson). Observou-se que, no período pré-operatório, 38 pacientes utilizavam analgésico de forma contínua. Além disso, no período pós-operatório, o uso de opioides foi maior nos pacientes com lesões pequenas (13 pacientes) em comparação àqueles com lesões grandes (nove pacientes). Conclusão Os pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador não apresentaram alterações no sistema inibidor descendente, mas sim alterações nos limiares de dor, o que pode interferir no período pós-operatório e estar relacionado ao consumo de analgésicos.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nociceptive profile and the intake of analgesic drugs of patients submitted to rotator cuff repair surgery. Also, to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds and the integrity of the descending inhibitory system, pain catastrophism and prevalence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Methods Approved by the Ethics Committee of La Salle University (1.325.433/2015). 40 patients (>18 years old) who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery (divided in small and large injuries) were recruited. The used instruments were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Functional Pain Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quantitative Sensory Test (QST) and Conditioned Pain Modulation Task (CPM). Results Patients had a significant difference in pain thresholds QST heat (independent samples t test) and quality of sleep, mood and anxiety (paired t test) in groups preoperative. There was a significant correlation between preoperative CPM and postoperative VAS (Pearson Correlation). It was observed that, in preoperative, 38 patients used analgesics continuously. Besides that, in postoperative, use of opioid drugs was higher in patients with small injury (13 patients) than in those with large injury (9 patients). Conclusion Therefore, patients with rotator cuff injuries did not present alterations in the descending inhibitory system, but showed alterations in pain thresholds, which may interfere in the postoperative period and still be related to the consumption of analgesics.

ABSTRACT: In Mexico, the Oesophagostomum dentatum is considered one of the main gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting the most important breed in rural pig farming, the hairless pig [Cerdo Pelon Mexicano (CPM)]. In this research, it was evaluated the in vitro biological efficacy of vegetable extracts of ginger, mint, thyme and oregano, with the aim of finding new natural alternatives for the control of Oesophagostomum dentatum; being compared its efficiency with ivermectin (IVM) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). During the investigation, 380 samples of excrements (extracted directly from the anus) of CPM were collected, with an average weight (±SD) 40±5 kg per animal. These samples were analyzed by means of McMaster technique, achieving to identify Oesophagostomum dentatum eggs. The evaluation of the treatments' effectiveness was carried out in cell culture microplates incubated for 48 h at 25±1 ºC using different doses of the vegetable extracts and comparing their control effectiveness with IVM and DMSO. Obtaining that the biological effectiveness of the ginger extract (3%) is similar to that of the IVM (1%), achieving the elimination and immobilization of the Oesophagostomum dentatum larva in 62%. While the extracts of oregano, thyme and mint presented a percentage of biological effectiveness of less than 20%.

RESUMEN: En México, el Oesophagostomum dentatum es considerado uno de los principales endoparásitos gastrointestinales que afecta a la raza de mayor importancia en la porcicultura rural [Cerdo Pelón Mexicano (CPM)]. En esta investigación se evaluó la eficacia biológica in vitro de extractos vegetales de jengibre, hierbabuena, tomillo y orégano, con el objetivo de encontrar nuevas alternativas de carácter natural para el control de Oesophagostomum dentatum; siendo comparada su eficiencia con ivermectina (IVM) y dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO). Durante la investigación, se colectaron 380 muestras de excretas (extraídas directamente del ano) de CPM, con un peso promedio (±DE) 40±5 kg por animal. Dichas muestras fueron analizadas mediante la técnica de McMaster, logrando identificar huevos de Oesophagostomum dentatum. La evaluación de la eficacia de los tratamientos se realizó en microplacas de cultivo celular incubadas durante 48 h a 25±1 ºC utilizando diferentes dosis de los extractos vegetales y comparando su eficacia de control con IVM y DMSO. Obteniendo que la efectividad biológica del extracto de jengibre (3%) es similar al de la IVM (1%), logrando la eliminación e inmovilización de la larva de Oesophagostomum dentatum en un 62%. Mientras que los extractos de orégano, tomillo y hierbabuena presentaron un porcentaje de efectividad biológica menor al 20%.

SUMMARY The aims of this work were to monitor the dissipation dynamics of the organophosphate insecticides applied to corn grains stored in supervised experiments, establish the dissipation dynamics and determine the minimum period post application necessary to comply with the established commercial standards. The insecticides dichlorvos (DDVP), chlorpyrifos-methyl+deltamethrin (CPM) and pirimiphos-methyl (PMM) were applied to maize grains, which were then stored for 120 days. The samples were processed and extracted using the QuEChERS technique and the pesticide residues were ¡dentified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Deltamethrin residues were not analized. After 90 days of storage, more than 80 % of the initial residue had been degraded, and after 120 days the residues were below the detection limit (LoD). DDVP, CPM and PMM residues followed a first order degradation dynamics [Ct=C0xe(-kt)], with k values of 0.384, 0.025 and 0.020 and estimated half-lives of 1.8, 27.7 and 34.7 days, respectively. These results show that at recommended dosages, the insecticides CPM and PMM are safe for use on stored maize grains; DDVP results provide additional evidence further reasserting its prohibition, which dates back to 2018.

RESUMEN Los objetivos del trabajo fueron monitorear la degradación de insecticidas organofosforados aplicados a granos de maíz almacenados en ensayos experimentales, establecer las dinámicas de degradación y determinar el tiempo mínimo de espera post aplicación necesario para cumplir con los estándares comerciales. Se aplicaron los insecticidas diclorvós (DDVP), clorpirifós-metil+deltametrina (CPM) y pirimifós-metil (PMM) a granos de maíz almacenados durante 120 días. Las muestras se procesaron y extrajeron mediante la técnica QuEChERS y los residuos de plaguicidas se identificaron y cualificaron mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas. Los residuos de deltametrina no fueron determinados. Luego de 90 días de almacenamiento, más del 80 % del contenido inicial de residuos se había degradado y a los 120 días se encontraban por debajo del límite de detección (LoD). Los residuos de DDVP CPM y PMM siguieron una dinámica de degradación de primer orden [Ct=C0xe(-kt)], con valores de k de 0,384, 0,025 y 0,020 y vidas medias estimadas de 1;8; 27,7 y 34,7 días respectivamente. Estos resultados permiten concluir que a la dosis recomendada, los insecticidas CPM y PMM se pueden usar de manera segura en granos de maíz almacenados, mientras que los resultados de DDVP aportan información adicional que ratifica su prohibición, que data del año 2018.

Resumen Introducción. La zona sur del Lago de Maracaibo es la región con mayor área y volumen de producción de plátano (cv. Hartón) en Venezuela, aspecto que motiva al estudio de diversas propiedades del suelo de la localidad. Objetivo. Evaluar las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo asociadas al vigor del cultivoMusaAAB cv. Hartón. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 7 fincas representativas de la región, en las que se determinaron lotes con alto (AV) y bajo vigor (BV), mediante la evaluación del número de manos por racimo (NMR), circunferencia del pseudotallo de la planta madre (CPM) y altura del hijo de sucesión (AHS). Se determinaron diferentes características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo en unidades experimentales de 1000 m2por cada lote de vigor evaluado. Resultados. Los resultados de las variables estudiadas permitieron categorizar lotes contrastantes de vigor en el cultivo de plátano. En cuanto a las relaciones con las características edáficas, resultaron correlaciones significativas y negativas entre porcentaje de arena, densidad aparente, infiltración básica e instantánea con NMR, AHS y CPM. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas entre porcentaje de limo y humedad del suelo con NMR. Al considerar las características químicas, no se presentaron correlaciones significativas. Respecto a las variables biológicas, resultaron correlaciones negativas entre la población total de fitonematodos con el NMR y CPM. El carbono microbiano presentó correlaciones positivas con CPM y AHS. El análisis de componentes principales permitió determinar la agrupación de lotes de AV y BV, y su correlación con variables edáficas con mayor peso en la expresión de la variabilidad de los resultados. Conclusión. La identificación de variables edáficas asociadas al vigor del cultivo de plátano permite evidenciar aquellas características que deben considerarse para el manejo eficiente del suelo y su efecto sobre el desarrollo del cultivo de plátano.

Abstract Introduction. The southern zone of lake Maracaibo is the region with the biggest area and highest volume of plantain (cv. Hartón) production in Venezuela, aspect that motivates the study of various properties of the local soil. Objective. To evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil associated with the vigor of theMusaAAB cv. Harton. Materials and methods. Seven farms representative of the region were selected, in which lots with high (AV) and low vigor (BV) were determined, by evaluating number of hands per bunch (NMR), circumference of the pseudostem of the mother plant (CPM) and height of the succession plant (AHS). Different physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were determined in experimental units of 1000 m2for each lot of vigor evaluated. Results. The results of the studied variables allowed to categorize contrasting lots of vigor in the plantain crop. Regarding the relationship with edaphic characteristics, significant and negative correlations were found between percentage of sand, bulk density, basic and instantaneous infiltration with NMR, AHS and CPM. Positive correlations between silt percentage and soil moisture were obtained with NMR. Considering the chemical characteristics, there were no significant correlations. Regarding biological variables, negative correlations were found between total population of phytonematodes with NMR and CPM. Microbial carbon showed positive correlations with CPM and AHS. The principal component analysis allowed determining the grouping of batches of AV and BV, and their correlation with edaphic variables with greater weight in the expression of the variability of the results. Conclusion. The identification of edaphic variables associated with the vigor of plantain crop allows to show the characteristics that must be considered for the efficient management of the soil and its effect on the development of plantain.

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer el comportamiento y la habilidad materna del Cerdo Pelón Mexicano (CPM) mediante el análisis de parámetros reproductivos y productivos desde el parto al destete. Se evaluaron dos ecotipos de CPM provenientes de Huehuetla, Hidalgo (CPH) y de Atlequizayán, Puebla (CPP). Las variables por lechón fueron peso al nacimiento (PN) y peso al destete (PD). En los partos no se registraron distocias, ni muertes y presentaron anidación; el ecotipo CPP presentó el mayor número en los parámetros reproductivo que CPH. Las medias de los PN y PD fueron superiores para los lechones CPH que CPP. El comportamiento materno fue favorable, ya que no se presentaron muertes al nacimiento ni en la lactancia. En los parámetros productivos las hembras del CPP tuvieron camadas ligeramente de mayor tamaño en comparación con las CPH, mientras que los lechones de CPH presentaron un mayor peso.

Abstract: The objective of the research was to know the behavior and maternal ability of the Cerdp Pelon Mexicano (CPM) through the analysis of reproductive and productive parameters from birth to weaning. Two ecotypes of CPM from Huehuetla, Hidalgo (CPH) and from Atlequizayán, Puebla (CPP) were evaluated. The variables per piglet were birth weight (PN) and weaning weight (PD). No dystocia, no deaths were recorded in the deliveries and they presented nesting; the CPP ecotype presented the highest number in reproductive parameters than CPH. The means of the PN and PD were higher for the CPH than CPP piglets. Maternal behavior was favorable, since there were no deaths at birth or in lactation. Regarding the productive parameters, the CPP females had slightly larger litters compared to the CPH, however, the CPH piglets presented a higher weight.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el caso de una paciente con Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) y cáncer de mama, en quien se cuestionó el beneficio en la supervivencia de la mastectomía profiláctica contralateral (MPC); asimismo, se pretende hacer una discusión crítica acerca de la evidencia que soporta este procedimiento en esta población. Presentación del caso: mujer de 37 años con cáncer de mama y múltiples antecedentes familiares de cánceres de temprana aparición del espectro del SLF, en quien, durante la adyuvancia hormonal, se confirmó una variante patogénica en el gen TP53. La paciente fue presentada en la Junta Multidisciplinaria del Servicio de Mama de un Centro Oncológico de referencia en Colombia, con el fin de discutir el beneficio de la MPC. La decisión de la junta fue no realizar la MPC. Después de 30 meses de seguimiento la paciente se encuentra libre de enfermedad. Conclusión: no existe evidencia que analice, de forma particular, el impacto de la MPC en la supervivencia de las pacientes con SLF y cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, a la luz del conocimiento actual no es posible generalizar la conducta de omitir esta cirugía profiláctica. Es importante reportar los casos en los que se decida realizar u omitir este procedimiento con el fin de incrementar el cuerpo de la evidencia, dado que existen limitaciones para construir grandes cohortes o estudios experimentales exclusivos para esta alteración genética.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the case of a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and breast cancer in whom the benefit of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) was challenged; and to offer a critical discussion regarding the evidence supporting this procedure in this patient population. Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman with breast cancer and a family history of multiple early onset cancer of the LFS spectrum in whom a pathogenic variant of the TP53 gene was confirmed during adjuvant hormonal therapy. The case was presented during the multidisciplinary meeting of the Breast Service of a referral oncology center in Colombia, in order to discuss the benefit of CPM. The decision of the board meeting was not to perform CPM. After 30 months of follow-up, the patient is disease-free. Conclusion: There is no evidence on the impact of CPM on survival of patients with LFS and breast cancer in particular. However, in light of the current knowledge, it is not possible to generalize the approach of withholding this prophylactic surgery. It is important to report those cases in which the decision is made to either perform or omit this procedure in order to increase the body of evidence, considering the limitations that make it difficult to build large cohorts or conduct trials exclusively for this genetic disorder.

ABSTRACT Background: Phytoplankton is considered an important indicator of natural and anthropogenic processes that take place in basins and coastal environments. An example of these systems is the formed by the El Carmen, Pajonal and La Machona lagoons, in which there is intense fishing and oyster farming activity, as well as agricultural activities, oil extraction and forestry in their surroundings. Goals: Identifying the phytoplankton species, with emphasis on the potentially harmful and / or toxic ones, their distribution and differences between the samplings, north winds (2015) and rainy (2016), as well as reporting the physicochemical variables was the aimed of this work. Methods: Net samples with a mesh size of 20 µm were taken and physicochemical variables were measured with a water quality sonde. 300 organisms were counted and the specific richness, relative abundances and diversity index were calculated. To identify differences between the two seasons sampled the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. In addition, the most important physicochemical variables were identified to explore their relationship with the species through a distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA). Results: A total of 86 species were identified, of which ten are new records and 15 are potentially harmful and / or toxic ones. The taxonomic group with the most species in both seasons was Bacillaryophyta (43 Northeast and 22 Rains). Specific richness was significantly different between seasons. In the north winds season, the most abundant species were from the Cyanoprokaryota and Bacillaryophyta groups, while for rainy season they were from the Dinoflagellata. Conclusions: Water temperature and salinity were the physicochemical variables that defined the phytoplankton composition in the CPM lagoons; the presence of potentially toxic species is an alert for the lagoon system because it reflects a latent situation that could trigger blooms at any time.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El fitoplancton es considerado un indicador importante de los procesos naturales y antropogénicos que se desarrollan en las cuencas y en los ambientes costeros. Un ejemplo de estos sistemas es el conformado por las lagunas El Carmen, Pajonal y La Machona (CPM), en las cuales hay una intensa actividad pesquera y de ostricultura, así como actividades agrícolas, extracción petrolera y forestal a sus alrededores. Objetivo: El objetivo fue identificar las especies fitoplanctónicas, con énfasis en las potencialmente nocivas y/o tóxicas, su distribución y diferencias entre los muestreos, nortes (2015) y lluvias (2016), así como reportar las variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: Se tomaron muestras de red de 20 µm de abertura de malla y midieron las variables con una sonda de calidad de agua. Se contabilizaron 300 organismos y se obtuvieron la riqueza específica, abundancias relativas e índice de diversidad. Para identificar diferencias entre las dos temporadas muestreadas se realizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Además, se identificaron las variables fisicoquímicas más importantes para explorar su relación con las especies mediante un análisis de redundancia basado en distancias (dbRDA). Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 86 especies de las cuales diez son nuevos registros para el área y 15 son potencialmente tóxicas. El grupo taxonómico con más especies fue el de las Bacillaryophyta (43 nortes y 22 lluvias). La riqueza específica fue significativamente diferente entre temporadas. Las especies más abundantes fueron de los grupos de las Cyanoprokaryota y las Bacillaryophyta para la temporada de nortes, mientras que para la temporada de lluvias fueron del grupo Dinoflagellata. Conclusiones: La temperatura y la salinidad fueron las variables que determinaron la composición del fitoplancton en las lagunas CPM; la presencia de especies potencialmente tóxicas es una alerta para el sistema lagunar debido a que refleja una situación latente que podría desencadenar florecimientos en cualquier momento.

Abstract The effects of zinc borate (ZB) on physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) were assessed. WPCs were elaborated with 0, 1, 3, y 5 % ZB concentrations, wood flour, mesh 60 and polypropylene in 50/48, 50/47, 50/45 y 50/43 proportions as a function of ZB concentration. 2 % of maleic anhydride of polypropylene (MAPP) was included in all WPCS. Specimens were exposed to natural weathering for 6 months. Bioassays with the fungi Gleophyllum trabeum (brown rot) and Trametes versicolor (white rot) were conducted by means of agar (EN 350-1) and soil block (ASTM D 2017-05) tests. Moreover, water absorption and swelling as well as static bending, tensile strength and impact strength were evaluated. Other properties like surface brightness and morphological characterization by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also considered. Zinc borate has no effect on mechanical properties of the untreated WPCS. After weathering, ZB had no effect on static bending and impact strength. However, a positive effect on tensile strength was observed. ZB had a positive influence on impact strength of WPCS exposed to biodegradation by fungi. Regardless of the low decay rates, ZB proved effective against fungal decay; weight losses suffered by WPC specimens exposed in agar and soil block tests showed no significant differences.

Resumen Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de compuestos plásticos de madera (CPM) elaborados con borato de zinc (BZ) y sometidos a tratamientos de intemperismo y biodeterioro. Se utilizaron concentraciones de BZ al 0, 1, 3 y 5 %; harina de madera de pino, malla 60 y polipropileno, en proporciones de 50/48, 50/47, 50/45 y 50/43, en función de la concentración de BZ. En todos los CPM, se adicionó 2 % de anhídrido maleico de polipropileno (MAPP) como agente acoplante. Los CPM se expusieron al intemperismo natural durante 6 meses y al biodeterioro con Gleophyllum trabeum (pudrición parda) y Trametes versicolor (pudrición blanca) mediante pruebas de agar (EN 350-1) y bloque suelo (ASTM D 2017-05). Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas de absorción e hinchamiento y las mecánicas de flexión estática, resistencia a la tracción y resistencia al impacto. Además de la alteración de la luminosidad y caracterización morfológica con microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El borato de zinc no tuvo efecto en las propiedades mecánicas de los CPM sin tratamientos. Después del intemperismo, el BZ no incidió sobre la flexión estática y resistencia al impacto; aunque, se observó un efecto positivo en la resistencia a la tracción. En CPM expuestos a la biodegradación por hongos, el BZ influyó positivamente en la resistencia al impacto. Independiente de las bajas tasas de descomposición, el BZ fue eficaz contra la descomposición fúngica; las pérdidas de peso de los CPM expuestos en pruebas de agar y bloque de suelo no mostraron diferencias significativas.

Abstract Stress is a contributing factor to painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Nevertheless, the underpinnings of this relationship are not fully understood. Objective To investigate the effects of acute mental stress on conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in TMD patients compared with healthy individuals. Methodology Twenty women with chronic myofascial TMD diagnosed according to the RDC/TMD and 20 age-matched healthy women had the CPM assessed before and after a stressful task using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) in a single session. Subjective stress response was assessed with the aid of visual analog scale (VAS). Pressure pain threshold (PPT) on masseter muscle was the test stimulus (TS) and immersion of the participant’s hand on hot water was the conditioning stimulus (CS) - CPM-sequential paradigm. Results Healthy individuals reported PASAT are more stressful when compared with TMD patients and the stress task did not affect the CPM in neither group. Nonetheless, a negative correlation was observed between change in CPM and change in TS from baseline to post-stress session, which indicates that the greater the increase in PPT after the stress task, the greater was the decrease in CPM magnitude. The correlation was strong for healthy controls (r=- 0.72, p<0.001) and moderate for TMD patients (r=- 0.44, p=0.047). Conclusions The correlation between the change in CPM and the TS change following the stress task may possibly indicate an overlapping pathway between stress-induced analgesia/hyperalgesia and descending pain inhibition.