Abstract Introduction Eagle syndrome is a rare and an often misdiagnosed entity in otorhinolaryngology. Objective To determine the efficacy of the surgical treatment for Eagle syndrome. Methods The present prospective study included 25 patients who presented with complaints of pain in the throat, ear, and neck, as well as difficulty and/or pain while swallowing; they were assessed for Eagle syndrome. As per patient profile, we performed a clinical assessments along with orthopantomograms (OPGs), three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pain was assessed pre- and postoperatively through the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11), whose score ranges from 0 to 10. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy was performed in cases in which the conservative treatment failed to relieve pain. Results The mean age of the entire study population was of 36.08 ± 7.19 years, and the male-to-female ratio was of 1.08:1. Referred otalgia was the commonest (44%) complaint. Radiologically, out of 25 patients, 20 patients presented elongated styloid processes. The longest symptomatic styloid process measured radiographically was of 64.7 mm while the shortest was of 28.2 mm. Out of 20 patients, 12 underwent surgery. The postoperative pain assessment through the NRS-11 was performed on day 0 (3.83 ± 0.83), day 7 (1.5 ± 0.52), week 4 (0.5 ± 0.52), and week 12 (0.41 ± 0.51). By 12 weeks, 7 patients were symptom-free, while 5 patients still reported mild pain. Conclusion Eagle syndrome associated with an elongated styloid process is not a rarity, but it often goes undiagnosed. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy shows excellent results in the management of patients with Eagle syndrome. otorhinolaryngology 2 throat ear neck andor or swallowing profile OPGs, OPGs , (OPGs) threedimensional three dimensional 3D D CT scans CBCT. CBCT . (CBCT) pre Scale11 Scale 11 Scale-1 NRS11, NRS11 NRS (NRS-11) 10 tonsillostyloidectomy tonsillo styloidectomy 3608 36 08 36.0 719 19 7.1 years maletofemale male female 1.081. 1081 1.08 1. 1 1.08:1 44% 44 (44% complaint Radiologically processes 647 64 64. 282 28 28. surgery NRS-1 3.83 383 3 83 (3.8 0.83, 083 0.83 0.83) 1.5 15 (1. 0.52, 052 0.52 52 0.52) 0.5 05 (0. 0.41 041 41 (0.4 0.51. 051 0.51 51 0.51) weeks symptomfree, symptomfree symptom free, free symptom-free rarity undiagnosed (OPGs (CBCT Scale1 Scale- NRS1 (NRS-11 360 36. 71 7. 081 1.081 108 1.0 1.08: (44 6 NRS- 3.8 38 8 (3. 0.8 (1 0. (0 0.4 04 (NRS-1 (4 3. (3 ( (NRS- (NRS

Three-dimensional (3D) anatomical extraction techniques could help the forensic anthropologist in a precise and inclusive assessment of biological phenotypes for the development of facial reconstruction methods. In this research, the nose morphology and the underlying hard tissue of two South African populations were studied. To this end, a 3D computer-assisted approach based on an automated landmarking workflow was used to generate relevant 3D anatomical components, and shape discrepancies were investigated using a data set of 200 cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans. The anatomical landmarks were placed on the external nose and the mid-facial skeleton (the nasal bones, the anterior nasal aperture, the zygoma, and the maxilla). Shape differences related to population affinity, sex, age, and size were statistically evaluated and visualised using geometric morphometric methods. Population affinity, sexual dimorphism, age, and size affect the nasal complex morphology. Shape variation in the mid-facial region was significantly influenced by population affinity, emphasising that shape variability was specific to the two population groups, along with the expression of sexual dimorphism and the effect of ageing. In addition, nasal complex shape and correlations vary greatly between white and black South Africans, highlighting a need for reliable population-specific 3D statistical nose prediction algorithms. SIGNIFICANCE: • 3D anatomical structures were acquired and extracted from 200 CBCT scans of modern South Africans. • Geometric morphometric methods were applied. • Soft- and hard-tissue nasal complex morphology vary across South African groups.

INTRODUCTION: The mandibular foramen (MF) is located bilaterally just above the centre of internal surface of ramus of mandible, however, its exact position varies amongst different population groups. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the exact location of mandibular foramen among black South African population using a possible correlation of radiographic and morphometric analysis. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 253 adult dry human mandible specimens at Raymond A Dart Bone collection in the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and twenty-four adult cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) records of patients in Maxillofacial and Oral Radiology Unit, situated in Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The length, height, and distance of MF in relation to anterior and posterior border of ramus of mandible; superior and inferior border of mandible as well as distance in relation to coronoid and condyle were measured. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and frequency was used to summarize the data. RESULTS: For both radiographic and morphometric analyses, distance of MF to posterior region of ramus was smaller than that of MF to anterior region. Mandibular foramen was found to be situated more towards posterior region of ramus for both radiographic and morphometric analyses in all age cohorts. Males generally showed greater readings than females in all parameters, except mandibular foramen to posterior region (MF-P) measurement. No significant difference was noted amongst different age groups. CONCLUSION: The position of MF was constantly observed towards the posterior region of ramus of mandible for both radiographic and morphometric analyses which suggested that the chances of finding MF in the anterior border of ramus of mandible are limited. The anterior border of mandible can therefore be regarded as "safety zone" in a black South African population.

ABSTRACT: Endodontic treatment requires detailed knowledge of root morphology. In maxillary premolars, variability in root number and root canal system (RCS) morphology has been reported. The most frequent cause of endodontic failure is non treated canals. Therefore, a better understanding of RCS morphology and its variations is crucial for endodontic treatment. The aim of this research was to describe the frequency of root number and SCR morphology in maxillary premolars, by means of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) examinations in a Chilean population. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in which the morphology of the root canal system of maxillary first and second premolars was observed through CBCT examinations, grouping them according to the Vertucci Classification. A total of 228 CBCT examinations were observed, which included 268 upper first premolars and 233 maxillary second premolars. It was determined that in maxillary first premolars 56.3 % presented one root, 43.3 %, being more frequent a SCR type IV morphology. In maxillary second premolars, the presence of one root was determined in 95.7 % of the cases, being more frequent a SCR type I morphology. These results may be of interest to endodontists, since knowing the morphology of the RCS of maxillary premolars allows improving the planning of endodontic therapy performed on these teeth.

RESUMEN: El tratamiento endodóntico requiere detallados conocimientos sobre la morfología radicular. En premolares maxilares, se ha reportado variabilidad en el número de raíces y morfología del sistema de canales radiculares (SCR). La causa más frecuente de fracaso endodóntico son los conductos no tratados. Por lo tanto, una mejor compresión de la morfología del SCR y sus variaciones es crucial para el tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la frecuencia del número de raíces y morfología del SCR en premolares maxilares, mediante exámenes de tomografía computarizada Cone Beam (CBCT) en una población chilena. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal donde se observó la morfología del sistema de canales radiculares de primeros y segundos premolares maxilares a través de exámenes CBCT, agrupándolos de acuerdo con la Clasificación de Vertucci. Se observaron 228 exámenes CBCT, donde se incluyeron 268 primeros premolares superiores y 233 segundos premolares maxilares. Se determinó que en primeros premolares maxilares un 56,3 % presentó una raíz, un 43,3 %, siendo más frecuente una morfología del SCR tipo IV. En los segundos premolares maxilares, se determinó la presencia de una raíz en el 95,7 % de los casos, siendo más frecuente una morfología del SCR tipo I. Estos resultados pueden ser de interés para endodoncistas, ya que conocer la morfología del SCR de premolares maxilares permite mejorar la planificación de la terapia endodóntica realizada en estos dientes.

RESUMO 0 conhecimento da anatomia interna e suas variagoes anatómicas é fator importante para o adequado tratamento endodóntico. Portanto, é necessário investigar esses aspectos morfológicos entre diferentes grupos dentários de um mesmo paciente para definir o melhor protocolo para o caso. Objetivo Avaliar a morfologia e simetria de incisivos, pré-molares e molares inferiores homólogos por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cónico (TCFC). Materiais e Método Foi realizada análise estatística descri-tiva para a frequéncia das variáveis categóricas e foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher para testar a relagao entre sexo e lado em comparagao com número de raízes, número de canais e classificagao de Vertucci. Quarenta e cinco TCFC foram avaliadas e 444 dentes inferiores foram analisados. Foram considerados: o número de raízes, o número de canais, o tipo dos canais acordo com a classificagao de Vertucci e a presenga de relagao simétrica entre pares de dentes posteriores. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que 74% dos incisivos centrais inferiores tinham um canal radicular tipo 1 e 26% tinham dois canais; 73% dos incisivos laterais inferiores, 26%oeram do tipo I, tinham um canal e 27% tinham dois canais, com diferenga significativa no número de canais entre os grupos masculino e feminino (p < 0,05). Nos primeiros pré-molares inferiores, tipo I, um canal foi detectado em 70,5% e dois canais em 29,5%; nos segundos pré-molares inferiores, tipo I, um único canal foi detectado em 98,5%. O primeiro molar inferior foi observado com duas raízes em 98% e tres raízes em 2%o. O segundo molar inferior tinha duas raízes em 92,5% dos casos, uma raiz em 6% e tres raízes em 1,5%. A simetria foi maior nas mulheres em comparagao aos homens nos incisivos centrais. Conclusao Pode-se concluir que dentes de um mesmo grupo podem apresentar morfologias diferentes no mesmo paciente.

ABSTRACT Knowledge of root canal internal anatomy and its variations is important forproper endodontic treatment. It is therefore necessary to investigate morphological aspects among different dental groups in the same patient to define the best protocol for the case. Aim To evaluate the morphology and symmetry of homologous incisors, premolars and mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Method Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the frequency of categorical variables, and a chi-square test or Fisher ’s exact test was used to test whether gender and side were associated with number of roots, number of canals, and Vertucci's classification. Forty-five CBCT scans were evaluated, and 444 mandibular teeth were analyzed. The number of roots, number of canals, classification of the canals in each root according to Vertucci and presence of a symmetrical relationship between pairs of posterior teeth were analyzed. Results The resuls showed that 74% of mandibular central incisors had type I root canal, 26% of mandibular lateral incisors had type I and, with a significant difference in the number of canals between males and females (p < 0.05). In mandibular first premolars, 70.5% had type I; and in mandibular second premolars, 98.5% had type I. Mandibular first molars had two roots in 98% of the cases. Second mandibular molars had two roots in 92.5% of the cases, one root in 6%, and three roots in 1.5%. Symmetry between central incisors was higher in females than in males. Conclusión Teeth of the same group can have different morphologies in the same patient.

RESUMO Uma alta prevalência de periodontite apical pós-tratamento associada a variáveis como qualidade do tratamento endodôntico e fracasso do tratamento é relatada na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do tratamento endodôntico e a frequência e fracasso do tratamento associados a dentes com periodontite apical (PA) por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) em uma subpopulação colombiana. Material e Método Este foi um estudo transversal que avaliou 318 tomografias computadorizadas de dentes tratados endodonticamente de indivíduos colombianos. Os exames foram realizados utilizando o tomógrafo J Morita X550, com tamanho de voxel de 0,125 a 0,20 mm. Todos os dentes tratados endodonticamente foram avaliados quanto à qualidade do tratamento, presença de canais não localizados e AP. Todas as amostras foram avaliadas por dois especialistas em endodontia e um especialista em radiologia. Foram calculados o teste qui-quadrado ou de Fisher e a razão de chances para identificar associação e relação de risco entre a presença de PA e as variáveis do estudo. Resultados Foram encontrados canais não localizados em 18,61% (86/462) e 95,3% estavam associados à PA. A frequência de AP foi de 62,34% (288/462) para todos os dentes avaliados. AP foi encontrada em 27,43% (79/288) dos dentes com tratamento endodôntico adequado, em contraste com 72,57% (209/288) dos dentes com tratamento inadequado (P<0,01). A frequência de canais não localizados foi maior nos molares superiores, com 55,23% (58/105), sendo que 96,55% apresentavam PA. O canal mésio-palatino (MB2) apresentou maior frequência de canal não localizado (88,52% - 54/61), com PA em 90,74% (49/54) dos casos. Conclusão Houve alta frequência de dentes com canais não localizados e com PA. Mais da metade dos dentes com canais não localizados eram molares superiores, sendo o MB2 é o canal com a maior frequência, comumente apresentando periodontite apical.

ABSTRACT A high prevalence of post-treatment apical periodontitis associated to variables such as endodontic treatment quality and missed canals has been reported. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment and the frequency of missed canals associated with teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) through CBCT in a Colombian sub-population. Material and Method This was a crosssectional study assessing 318 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of endodontically treated teeth from Colombian individuals. The scans were taken using J Morita X550 (J Morita Corporation, Osaka, Japan), with voxel size 0.125 to 0.20 mm. All endodontically treated teeth were assessed for quality of treatment, presence of missed canals and AP. All samples were analyzed by two endodontics specialists and an radiology specialist. Chi-square or Fisher’s test and odds ratio were calculated to identify the association and risk relationship between the presence of AP and the study variables. Results Missed canals were found in 18.61% (86/462), and 95.3% were associated with AP. The frequency of AP was 62.34% (288/462) for all the evaluated teeth. AP was found in 27.43 % (79/288) of the teeth with adequate endodontic treatment, in contrast to 72.57% (209/288) of the teeth with inadequate treatment (P<0.01). The frequency of missed canals was highest in maxillary molars, with 55.23% (58/105), with 96.55% presenting AP. The second mesiobuccal canal was the most frequently missed canal, 88.52% (54/61), with AP in 90.74% (49/54) of the cases. Conclusion There was a high frequency of teeth with missed canals and PA. More than half of the teeth with missed canals were maxillary molars, with MB2 being the most common canal, commonly presenting apical periodontitis.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this population-based retrospective study was to compare the osteogenic effect of newly formed bone after maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) and simultaneous implantation with or without bone grafts by quantitatively analyzing trabecular bone parameters. Methodology: A total of 100 patients with missing posterior maxillary teeth who required MSFE and implantation were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: the non-graft group (n=50) and the graft group (n=50). Radiographic parameters were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and the quality of newly formed bone was analyzed by assessing trabecular bone parameters using CTAn (CTAnalyzer, SkyScan, Antwerp, Belgium) software. Results: In the selected regions of interest, the non-graft group showed greater bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface/total volume (BS/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) than the graft group (p<0.001). The non-graft group showed lower trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) than the graft group (p<0.001). The incidence of perforation and bleeding was higher in the graft group than in the non-graft group (p<0.001), but infection did not significantly differ between groups (p>0.05). Compared to the graft group, the non-graft group showed lower postoperative bone height, gained bone height and apical bone height (p<0.001). Conclusion: MSFE with and without bone grafts can significantly improve bone formation. In MSFE, the use of bone grafts hinders the formation of good quality bone, whereas the absence of bone grafts can generate good bone quality and limited bone mass. Objective populationbased population based (MSFE Methodology 10 nongraft non n=50 n50 n 50 (n=50 n=50. . CBCT, CBCT , (CBCT) CTAnalyzer, CTAnalyzer (CTAnalyzer SkyScan Antwerp Belgium software Results interest volumetotal BV/TV, BVTV BV/TV BV TV (BV/TV) surfacetotal surface BS/TV, BSTV BS/TV BS (BS/TV) Tb. Tb (Tb N, N N) Th p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) Sp p<0.001, p>0.05. p005 p>0.05 05 (p>0.05) Conclusion mass 1 n=5 n5 5 (n=5 (CBCT (BV/TV (BS/TV p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 n= (n= p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 (n p<0. (p<0.0 p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

Abstract Objective This study aimed to validate the integrated correlation between the buccal bone and gingival thickness of the anterior maxilla, and to gain insight into the reference plane selection when measuring these two tissues before treatment with implants. Methodology Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and model scans of 350 human subjects were registered in the coDiagnostiX software to obtain sagittal maxillary incisor sections. The buccal bone thickness was measured at the coronal (2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction [CEJ]) and apical (0, 2, and 4 mm coronal to the apex plane) regions. The buccal gingival thickness was measured at the supra-CEJ (0, 1mm coronal to the CEJ) and sub-CEJ regions (1, 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the CEJ). Canonical correlation analysis was performed for intergroup correlation analysis and investigation of key parameters. Results The mean thicknesses of the buccal bone and gingiva at different levels were 0.64~1.88 mm and 0.66~1.37 mm, respectively. There was a strong intergroup canonical correlation between the thickness of the buccal bone and that of the gingiva (r=0.837). The thickness of the buccal bone and gingiva at 2 mm apical to the CEJ are the most important indices with the highest canonical correlation coefficient and loadings. The most and least prevalent subgroups were the thin bone and thick gingiva group (accounting for 47.6%) and the thick bone and thick gingiva group (accounting for 8.6%). Conclusion Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the thickness of the buccal bone is significantly correlated with that of the buccal gingiva, and the 2 mm region apical to the CEJ is a vital plane for quantifying the thickness of these two tissues maxilla implants CBCT (CBCT 35 sections (2 [CEJ] 0, 0 (0 supraCEJ supra subCEJ sub 1, 1 (1 CEJ. . parameters 064188 64 88 0.64~1.8 066137 66 37 0.66~1.3 respectively r=0.837. r0837 r r=0.837 837 (r=0.837) loadings accounting 47.6% 476 47 8.6%. 86 8.6% 8 8.6%) 3 ( [CEJ 06418 0.64~1. 06613 0.66~1. r083 r=0.83 83 (r=0.837 47.6 8.6 0641 0.64~1 0661 0.66~1 r08 r=0.8 (r=0.83 47. 8. 064 0.64~ 066 0.66~ r0 r=0. (r=0.8 06 0.64 0.66 r=0 (r=0. 0.6 r= (r=0 0. (r= (r

Abstract This observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of morphological changes in mandibular condyles in individuals with class II malocclusion, classified according to different vertical growth patterns (brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial), through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seventy CBCT images (140 mandibular condyles) were selected from individuals without orthodontic treatment, of both sexes, aged between 25 and 50 years. No statistically significant differences were found between facial patterns; however, there was a higher relative prevalence of bone changes in dolichofacial individuals with flattening (62%), sclerosis (44%), and subchondral bone cyst (20%). Erosion and osteophytes prevailed in mesofacial (39%), and brachyfacial individuals (32%), respectively. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of degenerative changes between the vertical skeletal patterns. Flattening was the most prevalent change, whereas subchondral bone cyst was the least prevalent among the three groups studied. The observational design of this study makes it possible to analyze image banks to verify the correlation of morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint in different facial patterns in patients with class II malocclusion. A limitation of the study is that clinical characteristics were not evaluated. crosssectional cross sectional malocclusion brachyfacial, (brachyfacial dolichofacial, , dolichofacial) CBCT. . (CBCT) 140 (14 treatment sexes 2 5 years however 62%, 62 62% (62%) 44%, 44 44% (44%) 20%. 20 20% (20%) 39%, 39 39% (39%) 32%, 32 32% (32%) respectively Thus change studied evaluated (CBCT 14 (1 6 (62% 4 (44% (20% 3 (39% (32% 1 ( (62 (44 (20 (39 (32 (6 (4 (2 (3

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the accuracy of working length determination between cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic apex locator by measuring the actual working length of teeth. Material and Methods: A total of 150 single-rooted tooth assessed by radiograph undergoing root canal therapy were selected. The process was repeated to obtain a buccolingual and mesiodistal section of all teeth. The measurement line was considered from the reference occlusal plane following the center of the canal to the terminus. All information regarding the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and apex locator was noted in a pre-designed proforma. Results: CBCT consistently demonstrated high accuracy across all tooth types in both jaws. The electronic apex locator exhibited varying precision, with greater accuracy observed in the mandible. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in electronic apex locator accuracy among tooth types in the maxilla (p=0.042), emphasizing the importance of specific clinical considerations. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool for accurate working length determination, especially in complex cases, while the electronic apex locator remains valuable with careful consideration of potential variations in accuracy. An individualized approach, considering tooth type, jaw location, and clinical context, is crucial for precise working length determination in endodontic practice. Objective (CBCT teeth Methods 15 singlerooted single rooted selected terminus conebeam predesigned pre designed proforma Results jaws precision mandible p=0.042, p0042 p p=0.042 , 0 042 (p=0.042) considerations Conclusion cases approach type location context practice 1 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.042 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: Miliary osteoma cutis (MOC) is a rare variant of osteoma cutis in which multiple fragments of bone formations are embedded in the skin. In general, they are asymptomatic, benign and detected incidentally on radiographic examination. Methods: This prevalence study was made by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. A total of 893 CBCT scans were evaluated. A total of 202 of them were excluded because of poor diagnostic quality. The occurrence frequency of incidentally found multiple miliary type of osteoma cutis in head and neck area was noted. Median and range were used to describe the age of the patients. Results: A total of 691 CBCT images were screened. Of these, 268 (38.8%) were from female patients and 423 (61.2%) were from male patients. The median age of patients referred for CBCT was 45.0 (IQR = 30.0) years and within the age range of 5-84 years. A total of 22 (3.2%) multiple MOC cases in the maxillofacial region were discovered on 691 patients ‘CBCT scans. Conclusion: Calcified lesions in the head and neck region were commonly seen in CBCT images. Although most of the calcifications are asymptomatic and require no treatment, diagnosis should be carefully made to avoid unnecessary further diagnostic assessments. It will also provide the ability to comprehensively evaluate underlying diseases.

Abstract This study employed e-Vol DXS cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software to assess dentin remnants in the furcation area of mesial canals in mandibular molars during root canal retreatment (RCR). Four groups (Reciproc®, ProTaper Next®, Race Evo®, Protaper Gold®) were subjected to RCR, and CBCT images were captured before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Measurements of remaining dentin thickness at 1 mm and 3 mm below the furcation were scrutinized. Results revealed no significant differences in mean thicknesses of mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from the furcation pre-treatment (T1). Post-treatment (T2) showed analogous findings, with no significant differences in mean thicknesses. However, disparities were found between MB and ML canals at both distances, both before and after retreatment. In essence, the evaluated instruments exhibited safety in RCR, implying that they are appropriate for use in critical areas of mandibular molars without inducing excessive wear. This study underscores the reliability of these instruments in navigating danger zones during RCR, and contributes valuable insights for dental practitioners who handle complex root canal scenarios in mandibular molars. eVol e Vol (CBCT RCR. RCR . (RCR) Reciproc®, Reciproc (Reciproc® Next Next® Evo Evo® Gold® Gold T1 T (T1 T2 (T2 treatment scrutinized (MB (ML pretreatment pre T1. Posttreatment Post findings However distances essence wear (RCR Reciproc® (Reciproc (T

Abstract This study aimed to assess the relationship between Schneiderian membrane thickening and periapical pathology in a retrospective analysis of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. For this, 147 CBCT scans containing 258 sinuses and 1,181 teeth were assessed. Discontinuation of the lamina dura, widening of the periodontal ligament space, apical periodontitis (AP), and partly demineralized maxillary sinus floor associated with AP were considered periapical pathology. Maxillary sinus mucosal thickening (MSMT) was classified as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. An irregular band with a focal tooth associated thickening and local thickening related to a root were considered odontogenic types of MSMT. The relation between the imaging features of periapical pathology and the type and thickness of MSMT was determined by logistic regression and linear mixed model, respectively. In addition, linear regression and Mann Whitney test evaluated the relation and demineralization of the AP lesion towards the sinus floor (p≤0.05). The odds of having an odontogenic type of MSMT were significantly higher when a periapical pathology was present in the maxillary sinus. Eighty-two percent of AP partly demineralized towards the sinus floor were associated with an odontogenic MSMT. Both AP lesions partly demineralized towards the sinus floor and, with increased diameter, led to increased MSMT. In conclusion, there is an 82% risk of having an odontogenic type of MSMT with the presence of AP partly demineralized towards the sinus floor. More thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa is seen with larger AP lesions and partial demineralization of the sinus floor. (CBCT images this 14 25 1181 1 181 1,18 assessed dura space AP, , (AP) (MSMT nonodontogenic. nonodontogenic non odontogenic. non-odontogenic model respectively addition p≤0.05. p005 p p≤0.05 . 0 05 (p≤0.05) Eightytwo Eighty two diameter conclusion 82 2 118 18 1,1 (AP p00 p≤0.0 (p≤0.05 8 11 1, p0 p≤0. (p≤0.0 p≤0 (p≤0. p≤ (p≤0 (p≤ (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o espessamento da membrana Schneideriana e periapicopatia em uma análise retrospectiva de imagens de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC). Para isso, foram avaliadas 147 imagens de TCFC, contendo 258 seios maxilares e 1.181 dentes. A descontinuação da lâmina dura, o aumento do espaço do ligamento periodontal, a periodontite apical (PA) e o assoalho do seio maxilar parcialmente desmineralizado associado à PA foram considerados sinais de periapicopatia. O espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar foi classificado como odontogênico ou não-odontogênico. Uma faixa irregular com um dente focal associado ao espessamento e espessamento local em relação a uma raiz foram considerados como tipos odontogênicos de espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar. A relação entre a periapicopatia e o tipo de espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar foi determinada (p≤0.05). A probabilidade de se ter um tipo odontogênico de espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar foram significativamente maiores quando uma periapicopatia estava presente no seio maxilar. Oitenta e dois por cento da PA parcialmente desmineralizada em direção ao assoalho do seio estavam associados a um espessamento odontogênico da mucosa do seio maxilar. Ambas as lesões de PA parcialmente desmineralizadas em direção ao assoalho do seio e com aumento do diâmetro levaram a um aumento do espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar. Em conclusão, com a presença de periapicopatia, há um risco maior de ter um tipo odontogênico de espessamento da mucosa do seio maxilar. Um espessamento maior da mucosa do seio maxilar é observado com lesões de PA maiores e desmineralização parcial do assoalho do seio maxilar. TCFC. TCFC . (TCFC) isso 14 25 1181 1 181 1.18 dentes dura periodontal (PA nãoodontogênico. nãoodontogênico não odontogênico. não-odontogênico p≤0.05. p005 p p≤0.05 0 05 (p≤0.05) conclusão (TCFC 2 118 18 1.1 p00 p≤0.0 (p≤0.05 11 1. p0 p≤0. (p≤0.0 p≤0 (p≤0. p≤ (p≤0 (p≤ (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o volume radicular de caninos e incisivos laterais superiores em pacientes com impacção unilateral de caninos superiores. Métodos: Esse estudo transversal foi realizado em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) de 100 pacientes (49 mulheres e 51 homens) com impacção unilateral de caninos superiores. As imagens foram abertas no Planmeca Romexis Viewer e a raiz foi reconstruída em camadas desde a junção amelocementária até o ápice radicular, em intervalos de 600 µm. Em cada camada foi marcado o limite da raiz e, então, o volume da raiz foi calculado multiplicando-se a área das camadas pela espessura de 600 µm. O tamanho da raiz dos caninos e incisivos laterais foi comparado entre os lados com impacção e sem impacção. Resultados: Sessenta e dois pacientes apresentaram impacção de caninos por vestibular e 38 apresentaram impacção por palatino. O volume médio da raiz dos caninos no lado da impacção foi significativamente maior do que no lado sem impacção; independentemente de o dente estar impactado por vestibular ou palatino (p<0,001). Os incisivos laterais vizinhos dos caninos impactados por vestibular apresentaram volume radicular significativamente menor do que os do lado contralateral (p<0,001). No entanto, não houve diferença significativa no tamanho da raiz dos incisivos laterais entre os dois lados, nos casos com impacção dos caninos por palatino (p=0,177). Conclusão: A diferença no volume da raiz dos caninos entre os dois lados pode servir como um indicador da impacção do canino. A redução no tamanho da raiz do incisivo lateral vizinho ao canino impactado por vestibular pode ser causada pela reabsorção radicular criada pela pressão da coroa do canino. Objetivo Métodos TCFC (TCFC 10 49 (4 5 homens 60 µm então multiplicandose multiplicando se Resultados 3 p<0,001. p0001 p p<0,001 . 0 001 (p<0,001) entanto p=0,177. p0177 p=0,177 177 (p=0,177) Conclusão 1 4 ( 6 p000 p<0,00 00 (p<0,001 p017 p=0,17 17 (p=0,177 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 p01 p=0,1 (p=0,17 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p=0, (p=0,1 p<0 (p<0, p=0 (p=0, p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess root volumes of maxillary canines and adjacent lateral incisors in patients with unilateral maxillary canine impaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 100 patients (49 females and 51 males) with unilateral maxillary canine impaction. The images were loaded in Planmeca Romexis Viewer, and root layers between the cementoenamel junction and apex were reconstructed at 600-µm intervals. At each layer, the root boundary was marked, and finally, the root volume was calculated by multiplying the layers’ area by the thickness of 600 µm. The root size of canines and lateral incisors was compared between the impaction and normal eruption sides. Results: Sixty-two patients showed buccal canine impaction, and 38 presented palatal impaction. The mean root volume of canines on the impaction side was significantly greater than that on the normal eruption side; either the tooth was buccally or palatally impacted (p<0.001). The lateral incisors on the side of buccally-impacted canines showed a significantly smaller root volume than that of the contralateral side (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the root size of lateral incisors between the two sides in cases presenting palatal canine impaction (p=0.177). Conclusion: The difference in root volume of canines between the two sides can serve as an indicator of canine impaction. The reduction in the root size of the lateral incisor on the side of the buccally impacted canine may be due to root resorption created by pressure from the canine’s crown. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional conebeam cone beam CBCT (CBCT 10 49 (4 5 males Viewer 600µm µm intervals layer marked finally 60 Results Sixtytwo Sixty 3 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 (p<0.001) buccallyimpacted However p=0.177. p0177 p=0.177 177 (p=0.177) Conclusion s crown 1 4 ( 6 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p017 p=0.17 17 (p=0.177 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p01 p=0.1 (p=0.17 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.1 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Alveolar bone coverage can be diagnosed through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and this information can prevent orthodontic tooth movement beyond the biological limit. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of the bone coverage (BC) diagnosis by CBCT in the orthodontists’ planning. Methods: One hundred fifty-nine Brazilian orthodontists suggested treatment plans for six patients at two different times, using two sequential questionnaires. The first questionnaire consisted of extra and intra-oral photographs, one panoramic radiograph; one lateral cephalometric radiograph with Steiner and Tweed analysis, and the patient chief complaint. The second questionnaire included the same presentations of cases with tomographic images and the radiologist’s report. The McNemar test assessed the difference between the first and the second treatment plans. Results: In all six cases, most participants changed the treatment plan after evaluating the CBCT images and the radiologist’s report (93.7% in case 5, 78.6% in case 4, 74.2% in case 3, 69.8% in case 6, 66% in case 2 and 61% in case 1; p≤0.01). Conclusion: The evaluation of bone coverage through CBCT images has a substantial impact on the orthodontic diagnosis and planning of the Brazilian orthodontists. Introduction (CBCT limit Objective BC (BC Methods fiftynine fifty nine times questionnaires intraoral intra oral photographs analysis complaint radiologists radiologist s Results 93.7% 937 93 7 (93.7 5 786 78 6 78.6 4 742 74 74.2 3 698 69 8 69.8 66 61 1 p≤0.01. p001 p p≤0.01 . 0 01 p≤0.01) Conclusion 93.7 9 (93. 78. 74. 69. p00 p≤0.0 93. (93 p0 p≤0. (9 p≤0 ( p≤

RESUMO Introdução: A cobertura óssea alveolar pode ser diagnosticada por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), e as informações podem evitar movimentos dentários ortodônticos para além do limite biológico. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do diagnóstico da cobertura óssea alveolar por TCFC no planejamento ortodôntico. Métodos: 159 ortodontistas brasileiros sugeriram planos de tratamento para seis pacientes em dois tempos diferentes, utilizando dois questionários sequenciais. O primeiro questionário consistiu em fotografias intra e extrabucais, radiografias panorâmica e cefalométrica lateral com análise de Steiner e Tweed, e a queixa do paciente. O segundo incluiu as mesmas apresentações dos casos, com imagens tomográficas e o laudo do radiologista. O teste de McNemar avaliou a diferença entre o primeiro e o segundo plano de tratamento. Resultados: Em todos os seis casos, a maioria dos participantes alterou o plano de tratamento após avaliar as imagens de TCFC e o relatório do radiologista (93,7% no caso 5, 78,6% no caso 4, 74,2% no caso 3, 69,8% no caso 6, 66% no caso 2 e 61% no caso 1; p≤0,01). Conclusões: A avaliação da cobertura óssea por meio das imagens tomográficas possui impacto substancial no diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico dos ortodontistas brasileiros. Introdução TCFC, , (TCFC) biológico Objetivo Métodos 15 diferentes sequenciais extrabucais Tweed paciente casos Resultados 93,7% 937 93 7 (93,7 5 786 78 6 78,6 4 742 74 74,2 3 698 69 8 69,8 66 61 1 p≤0,01. p001 p p≤0,01 . 0 01 p≤0,01) Conclusões (TCFC 93,7 9 (93, 78, 74, 69, p00 p≤0,0 93, (93 p0 p≤0, (9 p≤0 ( p≤