Abstract: For years, solar energy has been a subject of study for electricity generation as an alternative power source. The main objective of this project is to carry out a comparative analysis of the production of electrical energy between fixed photovoltaic panels and those with tracking systems on one axis. Three solar modules were designed and built with the same technical characteristics but different solar tracking systems; Single-axis tracking systems will use tracking systems by astronomical programming and light tracking by LDR sensors. Current, voltage and temperature sensors were implemented along with software capable of obtaining the characteristic curves of the production behavior in each prototype. The data processing, as well as the management of I/O signals coming from the different electronic components associated with the operation of each system, are governed by an Arduino mega board linked to an Ethernet module to be able to observe the curves of production from a website, all operating automatically. Therefore, we determined that the PV system by astronomical programming is the most convenient, due to its lower energy consumption when correcting the panel's position. Abstract years source axis Singleaxis Single Current prototype processing IO I O website automatically Therefore convenient panel s position

Resumen: Desde hace años la energía solar viene siendo motivo de estudio para la generación eléctrica como fuente de alimentación alternativa. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es realizar un análisis comparativo de la producción de energía eléctrica entre paneles fotovoltaicos fijos y con sistemas de seguimiento en un eje. Se diseño y construyó tres módulos solares con las mismas características técnicas, pero con diferentes sistemas de seguimiento solar; los sistemas seguidores de un eje utilizaron sistemas de seguimiento por programación astronómica y seguimiento de luz por sensores LDR. Se implementaron sensores de corriente, voltaje y temperatura, así como un software encargado de obtener las curvas características del comportamiento de la producción en cada prototipo. El procesamiento de los datos, así como la gestión de señales de E/S proveniente de los diferentes componentes electrónicos asociados al funcionamiento de cada sistema, son gobernados por una placa Arduino mega unida a un módulo ethernet con la finalidad de poder observar las curvas de producción desde un sitio web, todo esto operando de manera autómata. Por tanto, determinamos que el sistema FV por programación astronómica es el más conveniente, debido a su menor consumo energético al corregir la posición del panel. Resumen alternativa técnicas LDR corriente temperatura prototipo datos ES E S web autómata tanto conveniente panel

Resumen: El presente trabajo de implementación práctica muestra el diseño y la construcción de un prototipo de medidor de energía eléctrica domiciliar en el cual se puede visualizar las distintas variables en tiempo real como la tensión de la red, la corriente eléctrica, la potencia promedio, la energía consumida por la vivienda en kWh y el costo asociado de facturación mensual. El diseño del prototipo está dividido en tres etapas, la primera tiene que ver con el sistema de carga y alimentación del dispositivo, la segunda muestra el sistema de adquisición y acondicionamiento de las variables de entrada, y la tercera tiene relación con el microcontrolador Arduino Mega 2560 encargado de la etapa de procesamiento, registro y almacenamiento de la información. La construcción del prototipo se la realiza en varias fases, en primer lugar el diseño práctico en el software Proteus 8 Professional para luego implementarlo en el protoboard y más adelante montarlo en la placa PCB, finalmente se acoplan estos módulos en una caja plástica con IP-65 la cual muestra en su vista frontal la pantalla de cristal líquido acoplada para mostrar las variables de salida del dispositivo terminado. El funcionamiento del prototipo está validado mediante comparación a través de varias pruebas de aplicación práctica en un caso de estudio real versus un medidor de energía convencional. Por último el prototipo resulta idóneo para sistemas de medición de energía domiciliar ya que se adapta a las necesidades del consumidor.

Abstract: The present practical implementation work shows the design and construction of a home power energy meter that allows the real-time visualization of various variables such as grid voltage, electric current, average power, energy consumed by the household in kWh, and associated monthly billing cost. The prototype design is divided into three stages: the first one deals with the device's charging and power supply system, the second stage demonstrates the acquisition and conditioning system of the input variables, and the third stage is related to the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, responsible for the processing, logging, and storage of information. The construction of the prototype is carried out in several phases: first, the practical design is implemented in the Proteus 8 Professional software, then it is implemented on the breadboard, and later mounted on the PCB board. Finally, these modules are enclosed in an IP-65 plastic case, which features a front-facing LCD screen to display the output variables of the finished device. The prototype functionality is validated through comparison with several practical application tests, comparing it to a conventional energy meter in a real case study. Ultimately, the prototype proves to be ideal for residential energy measurement systems as it can be tailored to the needs of consumer.

ABSTRACT Soil erosion studies using rainfall simulators are generally expensive and time consuming. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a prototype of an automatic runoff collector, capable of real-time quantifying runoff volume and soil loss in field trials using a rainfall simulator. The used sensors were chosen based on the type A uncertainty computed from different volumes of water and concentrations of sediment. Through specific programming, the runoff volume, sediment concentrations and the time of occurrence of the collections corresponding to each 200 cm³ of runoff were recorded on a micro-SD card. The robustness of the calibration and the programming developed were also evaluated in the Arduino Mega® 2560 microcontroller. The pressure (PSI.420) and turbidity (ST100) sensors were selected for developing the prototype, which was evaluated in the field with the InfiAsper rainfall simulator. Then, the data collected automatically by the sensors were compared to those obtained by manual measurement. The automatic runoff collector equipped with the PSI.420 and ST100 sensors has potential to obtain and store runoff data, and it was effective in evaluating the erosion process, generating mean errors of 12.25 and 13.16% for runoff volume and soil loss, respectively. The proposed prototype has a low cost of manufacture, in addition to optimizing the collection of erosion data in studies with rainfall simulators.

RESUMO Estudos relacionados à erosão do solo usando simuladores de chuva são geralmente onerosos e demorados. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protótipo de coletor automático de escoamento superficial, capaz de quantificar em tempo real o volume de escoamento superficial e a perda de solo em ensaios de campo utilizando um simulador de chuva. Os sensores utilizados foram escolhidos com base na incerteza tipo A calculada a partir de diferentes volumes de água e concentrações de sedimentos. Por meio de programação específica, o volume da enxurrada, as concentrações de sedimentos e o tempo de ocorrência das coletas correspondentes a cada 200 cm³ de enxurrada foram registrados em um cartão micro-SD. A robustez da calibração e a programação desenvolvida também foram avaliadas no microcontrolador Arduino Mega® 2560. Os sensores de pressão (PSI.420) e de turbidez (ST100) foram selecionados para o desenvolvimento do protótipo, o qual foi avaliado em campo com o simulador de chuva InfiAsper. Em seguida, os dados coletados automaticamente pelos sensores foram comparados com os obtidos por medição manual. O coletor automático equipado com os sensores PSI.420 e ST100 tem potencial para obter e armazenar dados de escoamento, e foi eficiente na avaliação do processo erosivo, gerando erros médios de 12,25 e 13,16% para volume de escoamento e perda de solo, respectivamente. O protótipo proposto possui baixo custo de fabricação, além de otimizar a obtenção de dados de erosão em estudos com simuladores de chuva.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se realizó la construcción de un prototipo didáctico que permite evaluar el funcionamiento de la protección diferencial 87, mediante la parametrización de variables, para lo cual se consideran varios parámetros, como la corriente mínima de operación, la corriente de arranque o la pendiente de operación, los cuales conjuntamente con los datos medidos, como la corriente el primario y secundario, que posibilitan determinar el valor correspondiente a la corriente diferencial, permitiendo emular la función de protección diferencial 87 y su variante porcentual. Para lograr lo anteriormente expuesto, se empleó sensores de corriente de Arduino, los cuales en conjunto con el microprocesador Nano, de la misma marca, permitirá la toma de datos, lo cuales tras su procesamiento, serán comunicados a LabVIEW donde se emplea una constante, la cual permite escalar los valores obtenidos para así, poder desarrollar la lógica de programación que permite el ingreso de parámetros, selección de TC’s, cálculo de la corriente diferencial y mínima de operación, así como también la identificación de las zonas de operación.

Abstract: In the present work, the construction of a didactic prototype was carried out that allows evaluating the operation of the differential protection 87, through the parameterization of variables, for which several parameters are considered, such as the minimum operating current, the starting current or the pending operation, which together with the measured data, such as the primary and secondary current, which make it possible to determine the value corresponding to the differential current, allowing emulation of the differential protection function 87 and its percentage variant. To achieve the above, Arduino current sensors were used, which together with the Nano microprocessor, of the same brand, will allow data collection, which after processing, will be communicated to LabVIEW where a constant is used, which allows scaling the values obtained in order to develop the programming logic that allows the entry of parameters, selection of CT's, calculation of the differential and minimum operating current, as well as the identification of the operating zones.

ABSTRACT The development of computer programming skills is relevant in various educational and curricular contexts. In addition, hands-on robotics, maker activities and project-based problem solving have provided relevant results for students who attend these activities. However, even with low-cost technologies and platforms such as Arduino and ESP8266, installation challenges and costs can often prevent access to these educational resources. In this sense, the Block Based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES) project was conceived at the beginning of 2020 with the objective of facilitating these activities, offering resources such as block programming, support for multiple embedded devices, and flexibility of not requiring the installation or configuration of any additional software. This article describes the operational aspects of the BIPES project and presents some aspects of its use in workshops and other activities. Currently, the project has more than 10,000 users.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de habilidades de programação de computadores é relevante em diversos contextos educacionais. As atividades práticas maker, de robótica e solução de problemas por projetos trazem resultados importantes para alunos que participam desses tipos de atividade. Entretanto, mesmo com tecnologias acessíveis, como o Arduino e o ESP8266, os custos e a dificuldade de instalação podem restringir o acesso a esses recursos educacionais. Nesse sentido, o Projeto Block Based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES) foi concebido no início do ano de 2020 com o objetivo de facilitar essas atividades, oferecendo recursos como programação por blocos, suporte a vários dispositivos embarcados e a flexibilidade de dispensar a instalação e configuração de qualquer software adicional. Este artigo descreve os aspectos operacionais do Projeto BIPES e apresenta alguns resultados do seu uso em oficinas e outras atividades. Atualmente, o projeto conta com mais de 10 mil usuários.

Abstract In the article, the authors propose technological projects to develop computational thinking following the phases of problem-solving: understanding the problem, elaboration of the plan, execution of the plan and revision of the solution. During the execution of the projects, the students carried out activities, such as the elaboration of algorithms, programming of the Arduino board and sensors from a friendly and playful interface such as the mBlock; as well as the debugging of programs until obtaining the expected results; These activities carried out by the students had an impact on cognitive processes (reasoning, decision making, understanding of the environment, logic, etc.), practices and technological perspectives. It has been shown that there is a causality between computational thinking skills and problem-solving phases in an environment of engineering students who have just entered university. For the analysis of the relationship between computational thinking skills and problem solving, the Pearson correlation statistical test was used through SPSS software.

Resumen En el artículo, los autores proponen proyectos tecnológicos para desarrollar el pensamiento computacional siguiendo las fases de la resolución de problemas: comprensión del problema, elaboración del plan, ejecución del plan y revisión de la solución. Durante la ejecución de los proyectos, los alumnos realizaron actividades, como elaboración de algoritmos, programación de la placa Arduino y sensores desde una interfaz amigable y lúdica como el mBlock; así como la depuración de programas hasta obtener los resultados esperados; estas actividades realizadas por los alumnos, repercutieron en los procesos cognitivos (razonamiento, toma de decisiones, comprensión del entorno, lógica, etc.), prácticas y perspectivas tecnológicas. Se ha demostrado que existe causalidad entre las habilidades del pensamiento computacional y las fases de la resolución de problemas en un entorno de estudiantes de ingeniería de reciente ingreso a la universidad. Para el análisis de la relación entre las habilidades del pensamiento computacional y resolución de problemas se utilizó la prueba estadística de correlación de Pearson a través del software SPSS.

Abstract Automating remotely controlled intelligent systems to collect, analyze, and process data is one of the most common applications in different fields of application. Usually, analyzing the animal's diet requires much time and human capital; the experiments consist of placing the animal in a cage to collect consumption data. In this sense, incorporating technology to analyze the consumption of dry matter in ruminants is essential to increase the productive performance of the animal. This document focuses on developing a monitoring system for data collection, such as temperature and humidity, as well as the weight of food throughout the nutritional experiment, using a mobile application developed in Android Studio that sends and receives the information via Bluetooth technology to an electronic device based on the Arduino Nano microcontroller.

Resumen La automatización de sistemas inteligentes controlados remotamente para recolectar, analizar y procesar datos es una de las aplicaciones más comunes en diferentes campos de aplicación. Usualmente, para analizar la dieta del animal se requiere mucho tiempo y capital humano; los experimentos consisten en colocar al animal en una jaula para recolectar datos de consumo. En este sentido, incorporar tecnología para analizar el consumo de materia seca en rumiantes es fundamental para incrementar el desempeño productivo del animal. Este documento se enfoca en desarrollar un sistema de monitoreo para la recolección de datos, tales como la temperatura y la humedad, así como el peso de los alimentos a lo largo del experimento nutricional, utilizando una aplicación móvil desarrollada en Android Studio que envía y recibe la información vía tecnología Bluetooth a un dispositivo electrónico basado en el microcontrolador Arduino Nano.

Abstract We propose and experimentally investigate two distinct power-over-Fiber (PoF) approaches, aiming to remotely power Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing systems for Industry 4.0 environments. The first proof-of-concept is focused on demonstrating a 1-W optical power transmission through a 50-m-fiber-optic link for powering an Arduino Uno, a temperature sensor (DS1820B), and a 433-MHz transceiver (FS1000A). The designed PoF link is able to provide up to 280 mW with power transmission efficiency (PTE) of 28.9%. The second implementation is based on a 100-m PoF link capable of transmitting over 0.6-W optical power and delivering 140-mW electrical power with PTE of 23%. In this scheme, an Arduino Pro Mini, another temperature sensor (LM35), and a 2.4-GHz transceiver (nRF24L01+) are employed. A voltage stability analysis enables to demonstrate that our PoF system is capable of delivering stable output voltage at 8.5 V and 5 V, with only 0.6% and 0.2% voltage fluctuations. In addition, an industrial oven is employed to evaluate the sensor performance considering temperature measurements from both sensing systems. The obtained results demonstrate that PoF might be considered as a potential technology to optically-power IoT wireless sensing systems for Industry 4.0 scenarios.

Resumen: Los sistemas tradicionales de producción y manufactura se basan en una producción en masa o en lotes donde los productos poseen las mismas características para todos los clientes. Ante los cambios en las tendencias tecnologías y requerimientos de los clientes, surge la producción personalizada, en la cual el cliente es una fuente de información para la línea de fabricación inteligente. En el presente trabajo, se diseña un dispensador inteligente de frutos secos con el cual los clientes puedan realizar el pedido seleccionando la cantidad en gramos de cuatro tipos de frutos secos. En el sistema se implementa una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) compuesta de tres capas: dispositivos, procesamiento y servicios en la nube. La capa de dispositivos utiliza sensores, actuadores, y mecanismos para la dispensación. La capa de procesamiento de datos en la niebla se realiza mediante las tarjetas electrónicas Arduino Mega y ESP8266. En la capa de servicios en la nube, se desarrolló las interfaces Web para clientes y administradores, estas interactúan permanentemente con una base de datos MySQL. En las pruebas se obtuvo un tiempo máximo de retardo de actualización de datos de 1,3 segundos, el tiempo promedio de llegada de un nuevo pedido fue de 1,7 segundos y un error promedio de 0.8 gramos en la dispensación. El dispensador posee características como flexibilidad al preparar el producto, conectividad, interacción constante con los usuarios, y actualizaciones de estado del sistema en tiempo real que lo integran a las tecnologías usadas en la Industria 4.0.

Abstract: Traditional production and manufacturing systems are based on mass or batch production where products have the same characteristics for all customers. Given the changes in technology trends and customer requirements, personalized production arises, in which the customer is a source of information for the intelligent manufacturing line. In the present work, an intelligent dispenser of mixed nuts is designed in which customers can place the order by selecting the quantity in grams of four types of nuts. The system implements an architecture of Internet of the Things (IoT) composed of three layers: devices, processing, and cloud services. The device layer uses sensors, actuators, and mechanisms in the dispensing system. The processing layer is done by fog computing with the Arduino Mega and ESP8266 electronic cards. In the cloud services layer, the Web interfaces for clients and administrators were developed, these interact permanently with a MySQL database. In the tests, the maximum data update delay time was 1.3 seconds, the average arrival time of a new order was 1.7 seconds, and an average error was 0.8 grams in dispensing. The smart dispenser has features that integrate it with the technologies used in Industry 4.0, such as: flexibility when preparing the product, connectivity, constant interaction with users, and real-time system status updates.

Abstract: Sickle cell disease is a group of health disorders that affect hemoglobin in red blood cells. Sickle cell disease causes multiple manifestations and complications, including infections, delayed growth, pain crisis, and multi-organs damage. These complications can disturb the patients' vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. The decline in hemoglobin level is another indication of sickle cell disease due to abnormal hemoglobin that distorts red blood cells resulting in sickle cell anemia. RBCs, also called erythrocytes, are found in the blood and responsible for carrying oxygen to the body tissues attached to the hemoglobin. Optical microscopy can detect and monitor sickle cell disease, but it requires a blood sample and offline analysis, which is a time-consuming process. There is currently no known technology available to provide non-invasive monitoring solutions for sickle cell disease patients' health. Therefore, a need arises for a non-invasive and continuous monitoring solution to continuously check on sickle cell disease patients, which can be transformed into a wearable monitoring device. The proposed optical wristband consists of optical sensors that provide non-invasive and continuous health status monitoring of sickle cell disease patients using key vital signs and hemoglobin levels. A comparative study was performed among 21 participants and equally divided into three groups (non-anemic, anemic, and sickle cell disease patients). The data was collected from optical sensors, Arduino used as a processor, and continuously monitors the patient's vital signs and hemoglobin levels. Abnormal reading of any parameter alerts the user of any unhealthy status, and the parameter's trend assists the clinician in patient assessment. The body temperature and oxygen saturation levels of the anemic patients were found in the normal ranges, but the heart rate of three patients and hemoglobin of all the participants were found in aberrant ranges. The vital signs and hemoglobin levels of all sickle cell disease patients were beyond the normal ranges and significantly different (p>0.001) than non-anemic and anemic groups. Therefore, these physiological parameters monitoring has clinical importance for sickle cell disease management and early treatment.

Abstract Wet packing methods evaluate the packing density of fine materials through the determination of the apparent density and voids content of pastes with different water to solids (w/s) ratios. Its goal is to estimate the minimum water demand to achieve the maximum solids concentration in the mixture, a parameter applied to the mix design of cementitious composites based on particle packing theories. Since most methods based on apparent density are time-consuming and require a high volume of materials, this paper aims to evaluate the mixing energy method as an alternative for the wet packing method and to adapt it to be used for SCMs (supplementary cementitious materials). With a reduced time and material to perform the test, results demonstrate a better precision of the mixing energy due to its discrete measurement. The ideal water flow and initial volume of materials to perform the test on cement and SCMs are discussed.

Resumo Os métodos de empacotamento via úmida avaliam a densidade de empacotamento de materiais finos através da determinação da densidade aparente e teor de vazios de pastas com diferentes relações água/sólidos (a/s). Seu objetivo é estimar a demanda mínima de água para atingir a concentração máxima de sólidos na mistura, um parâmetro aplicado à dosagem de compósitos cimentícios utilizando teorias de empacotamento de partículas. Como a maioria dos métodos baseados na densidade aparente são demorados e requerem um grande volume de materiais, este trabalho visa avaliar o método de energia de mistura como uma alternativa ao método de empacotamento via úmida e adaptá-lo para ser usado para MCSs (materiais cimentícios suplementares). Com um tempo reduzido e menor quantidade de material realizar o teste, os resultados demonstram uma melhor precisão do método da energia de mistura, devido à sua medição discreta. O fluxo de água ideal e o volume inicial de materiais para realizar o teste em cimento e MCSs são discutidos.

Abstract This study describes the dynamic identification of a cable-stayed footbridge using an alternative data acquisition system and output-only modal identification methods. Data were collected during dynamic tests performed using an acquisition system based on the Arduino platform, consisting of low-cost devices with on-board Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) accelerometers. The Peak-Picking (PP) method was used for the stay cables. The Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) and Stochastic Subspace Identification - Unweighted Principal Components (SSI-UPC) methods were used for the complete structure. The proposed data acquisition system efficiently recorded the time series required for Operational Modal Analysis and the acceleration acquisition process provided stable results. At least four mode shapes were identified in all tests. A minimum of four high energy peaks in the 0 - 24 Hz frequency range of the spectrum were obtained by the acquisition system in all of the cable tests and selected by the method. In the complete structure tests, the low-cost data acquisition system and the identification methods provided the first four flexural mode shapes, within the 0 - 9 Hz frequency range. Results for the frequency domain method showed a maximum difference of 2.37% in the first experimental frequency when compared to a 3D finite element numerical model, while in the other frequencies the difference was between 1 and 2%. For the time domain method, the maximum difference was 1.74% in the fourth frequency, with differences of between 0.1 and 0.7% in the other frequencies. The mode shapes were evaluated using the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) index, and the results varied between 0.8513 and 0.9990.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta a identificação dinâmica de uma passarela estaiada a partir da aplicação de um sistema de aquisição de dados alternativo e métodos de identificação modal que se baseiam apenas na resposta. Os dados foram coletados durante ensaios dinâmicos realizados com um sistema de aquisição baseado na plataforma Arduino, composto por dispositivos de baixo custo com acelerômetros microeletromecânicos embarcados. Para os estais, foi utilizado o método Peak-Picking. Para a estrutura completa, foram utilizados os métodos Frequency Domain Decomposition e o Stochastic Subspace Identification - Unweighted Principal Components. O sistema de aquisição de dados proposto registrou as séries temporais necessárias para a Análise Modal Operacional de forma eficiente e o processo de aquisição das acelerações proporcionou resultados estáveis. Pelo menos quatro formas modais foram identificadas em todos os testes. Em todos os ensaios dos estais, um mínimo de quatro picos de alta energia na faixa de frequência entre 0 - 24 Hz do espectro foram obtidos com o sistema de aquisição e selecionados pelo método. Nos ensaios da estrutura completa, o sistema de aquisição de dados de baixo custo e os métodos de identificação forneceram os quatro primeiros modos de flexão, dentro da faixa de frequência entre 0 - 9 Hz. Os resultados do método no domínio da frequência mostraram uma diferença máxima, quando comparados aos de um modelo numérico 3D em elementos finitos, de 2,37% na primeira frequência experimental, enquanto que nas demais frequências a diferença ficou entre 1 e 2%. Para o método no domínio do tempo, a diferença máxima foi de 1,74% na quarta frequência, enquanto que nas demais, a diferença ficou entre 0,1 e 0,7%. As formas modais foram avaliadas através do índice Modal Assurance Criterion, e os resultados variaram entre 0,8513 e 0,9990.

In this work we present the construction of a magnetic field meter (gaussmeter) with high sensitivity and detection from 1 to 80 mT, consisting of simple electronic components, with a proposal of application in an experimental setup for the generation of pure spin currents through the effect spin Seebeck. Through a USB cable, the device is powered and exchanges data with a computer via communication in C + + language with Arduino Uno, together with a LabVIEW graphical interface. To perform measurements in deep environments, such as inside electromagnets, a Hall probe was developed. The equipment also has an LCD screen. The magnetic field sensor used is the SS49E, with which it was possible to obtain measurements with appropriate resolution and range. The developed gaussmeter was used in the development of an experimental setup for investigations of the spin Seebeck and spin Hall effects, where it was possible to estimate the spin Hall angle for bilayers formed by a platinum (Pt) film grown on a YIG insulating magnetic film. Therefore, the developed gaussmeter has the potential to be used both in teaching and research environments and its main advantage is the low production cost, approximately US$ 22.00.

Neste trabalho apresentamos a construção de um medidor de campo magnético (gaussímetro) com alta sensibilidade e detecção de 1 a 80 mT, constituído de componentes eletrônicos simples, com proposta de aplicação em uma montagem experimental para geração de correntes puras de spin por meio do efeito spin Seebeck. Através de um cabo USB, o dispositivo é alimentado e troca dados com um computador via comunicação em linguagem C + + com o Arduino Uno, em conjunto com uma interface gráfica LabVIEW. Para realizar medidas em ambientes de profundidade, como no interior de eletroímãs, desenvolveu-se uma sonda Hall. O equipamento também dispõe de uma tela LCD. O sensor de campo magnético utilizado é o SS49E, com o qual foi possível obter medidas com resolução e alcance apropriadas. O gaussímetro foi empregado no desenvolvimento de uma montagem experimental para investigações dos efeitos spin Seebeck e spin Hall, onde estimamos o ângulo Hall de spin para bicamadas formada por um filme de platina (Pt) crescido sobre um filme magnético isolante de YIG. Portanto, o gaussímetro desenvolvido tem potencial para ser utilizado tanto em ambientes de ensino como os de pesquisa e tem como principal vantagem o baixo custo de produção, de aproximadamente 22 dólares.

Concrete structures are susceptible to several factors during their life cycles, which can cause various problems. This situation can be avoided in many cases if Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is used. However, such monitoring is often expensive due to the large number of sensors and the use of data acquisition systems (DAQ). In this context, self-sensing cement composites (SSCCs), monitoring themselves without sensors by incorporating conductive fillers in their composition, provide a better piezoresistive effect. In this research, the Arduino platform and analog to digital converters (ADC) modules were tested, and a prototype of a low-cost DAQ was developed for monitoring SSCCs. The devices were analyzed from the compression tests on the mortar specimens, and the results were compared to measurements obtained from the reference equipment (professional DAQ). The results showed a good sensitivity and an adequate correlation between both devices in some cases. It showed that the Arduino platform has the potential to be used in the experimental monitoring of SSCCs, however it needs to be combined with an ADC module.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical thinning programs containing mixtures of different plant growth regulators, at low concentrations, applied to 'Fuji Mishima' apple trees at post-blossom, as well as to identify the most effective in reducing fruit set, decreasing the need of manual thinning, and improving fruit quality. Under a black anti-hail net, the apple trees were sprayed with the six following chemical thinning protocols (treatments): benzyladenine (BA) + gibberellin4+7 (GA) at full bloom (FB) and BA + carbaryl (CB) on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter; BA + GA at FB and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + CB on fruitlets with a 7 mm diameter; BA + GA at FB and BA + CB on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter; ethephon (ETH) + CB on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter and metamitron (MM) + ETH on fruitlets with a 20 mm diameter; and MM on fruitlets with a 7 mm diameter and MM on fruitlets with a 20 mm diameter. The treatments were compared with an untreated and a manual thinning control. The black net reduced photosynthetically active radiation in 22%. For 'Fuji Mishima' apples under a black anti-hail net, the chemical thinning program consisting of BA + GA (47 + 47 g a.i. ha-1) at FB, followed by BA + CB (80 + 288 g a.i. ha-1) on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter, consistently reduces fruit set, requires less manual thinning, and improves fruit weight and size.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar programas de raleio químico contendo misturas de diferentes reguladores de crescimento de plantas, em baixas concentrações, aplicados em macieiras 'Fuji Mishima' pós-floração, bem como identificar os mais eficazes em reduzir a frutificação efetiva, diminuir a necessidade de raleio manual e melhorar a qualidade dos frutos. Sob tela antigranizo preta, as macieiras foram pulverizadas com os seis seguintes protocolos de raleio químico (tratamentos): benziladenina (BA) + giberelina4+7 (GA) em plena floração (PF) e BA + carbaril (CB) em frutos com 15 mm de diâmetro; BA + GA em PF e ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) + CB em frutos com 7 mm de diâmetro; BA + GA em PF e BA + CB em frutos com 15 mm de diâmetro; ethephon (ETH) + CB em frutos com 15 mm de diâmetro e metamitron (MM) + ETH em frutos com 20 mm de diâmetro; e MM em frutos com 7 mm de diâmetro e MM em frutos com 20 mm de diâmetro. Os tratamentos foram comparados com um controle não tratado e um de raleio manual. A tela preta reduziu a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa em 22%. Para maçãs 'Fuji Mishima' sob tela preta antigranizo, o programa de raleio químico BA + GA (47 + 47 g i.a. ha-1) em PF, seguido de BA + CA (80 + 288 g i.a. ha-1) em frutos com 15 mm de diâmetro, reduz consistentemente a frutificação efetiva, requer menos raleio manual e melhora a massa e o tamanho dos frutos.