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Radiological patterns of pulmonary fungal infection in pediatric hematology and oncology patients
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Bain, Vera

; Barrientos, Anna Carlota Mott Galvão de Arruda

; Suzuki, Lisa

; Oliveira, Luiz Antonio Nunes de

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Peron, Karina Rodrigues

; Fernandes, Juliana Folloni

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

Radiologia Brasileira

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mar 2022, Volume 55 N. 2 Pages 78 - 83

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados radiológicos de infecções fúngicas invasivas em crianças com doenças onco-hematológicas em um único centro, de acordo com a classificação antiga e a atual de imagens típicas e atípicas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram revisados os prontuários de todos os pacientes com infecção fúngica invasiva que foram internados em um hospital pediátrico de oncologia e hematologia de 2008 a 2014. Foram coletados dados clínicos e demográficos. As tomografias de tórax dos pacientes foram laudadas por dois radiologistas independentes. Resultados: Foram identificados 40 pacientes com infecção fúngica invasiva que realizaram tomografias de tórax. Vinte e sete pacientes apresentaram nódulos com sinal do halo (67,5%), sete tiveram cavitações (17,5%), dois tiveram nódulos sem halo (5,0%) e sete apresentaram consolidações (17,5%). Os pacientes que apresentavam achados de nódulos com sinal do halo e cavitações eram mais velhos (123 versus 77 meses; p = 0,03) e tinham menos sinais de doença grave (34% versus 73%; p = 0,04) do que os outros pacientes. Dez crianças apresentaram infecção confirmada (Aspergillus sp., n = 4; Candida sp., n = 5; Fusarium sp., n = 1). Conclusão: O diagnóstico de infecção fúngica invasiva deve ser considerado em crianças com fatores de risco e tomografias de tórax alteradas, mesmo que os achados das imagens sejam inespecíficos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the radiological findings in pediatric patients with hematological or oncological diseases who also have an invasive fungal infection (IFI). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients with IFI admitted to a pediatric hematology and oncology hospital in Brazil between 2008 and 2014. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients were reviewed by two independent radiologists. Results: We evaluated the chest CT scans of 40 pediatric patients diagnosed with an IFI. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) had nodules with the halo sign, seven (17.5%) had cavities, two (5.0%) had nodules without the halo sign, and seven (17.5%) had consolidation. The patients with the halo sign and cavities were older (123 vs. 77 months of age; p = 0.03) and had less severe disease (34% vs. 73%; p = 0.04). Ten patients had a proven IFI: with Aspergillus sp. (n = 4); with Candida sp. (n = 5); or with Fusarium sp. (n = 1). Conclusion: A diagnosis of IFI should be considered in children and adolescents with risk factors and abnormal CT scans, even if the imaging findings are nonspecific.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0055

SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus infections: are there differences in clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities, and outcomes in the pediatric population?
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Pereira, Maria Fernanda Bádue

; Suguita, Priscila

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Farhat, Sylvia Costa Lima

; Paula, Camila Sanson Yoshino de

; Lázari, Carolina dos Santos

; Bedê, Pedro Vale

; Framil, Juliana Valeria de Souza

; Bueno, Catarina

; Branas, Priscila Cristina Abduch Adas

; Guimarães, Irina Monteiro da Costa

; Leite, Marcia Marques

; Navega, Ana Carolina Barsaglini

; Nanbu, Danilo Yamamoto

; Schvartsman, Claudio

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Silva, Clovis Artur Almeida

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

; Eisencraft, Adriana Pasmanik

; Rossi Jr, Alfio

; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo

; Leal, Gabriela Nunes

; Gibelli, Maria Augusta Cicaroni

; Palmeira, Patricia

; Sakita, Neusa Keico

; Santos, Emilly Henrique dos

; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto

; Kanunfre, Kelly Aparecida

; Okay, Thelma Suely

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

; Carvalho, Werther Brunow de

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses in pediatric patients. Between April 17 and September 30, 2020, we collected 1,566 respiratory samples from 1,044 symptomatic patients who were younger than 18 years old to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 919 were analyzed for other respiratory pathogens (ORP). Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or ORP were included. We evaluated 76 pediatric COVID-19 infections and 157 other respiratory virus infections. Rhinovirus occurred in 132/157 (84%). COVID-19 patients who were significantly older, had more fevers, headaches and pneumonia than those with ORP. The median white blood cell count was lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than in those with ORP (6,470 versus 8,170; p=0.02). COVID-19 patients had significantly worse symptoms than those with ORP.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264034

Differences in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study in a Brazilian tertiary referral hospital
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Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

; Pereira, Maria Fernanda Badue

; Santos, Angélica Carreira dos

; Fink, Thais Toledo

; Paula, Camila Sanson Yoshino de

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Schvartsman, Claudio

; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo

; Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni

; Carvalho, Werther Brunow de

; Odone Filho, Vicente

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

; Grisi, Sandra

; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva

; Antonangelo, Leila

; Francisco, Rossana Pucineli Vieira

; Okay, Thelma Suely

; Batisttella, Linamara Rizzo

; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de

; Brentani, Alexandra Valéria Maria

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Eisencraft, Adriana Pasmanik

; Rossi Junior, Alfio

; Fante, Alice Lima

; Cora, Aline Pivetta

; Reis, Amelia Gorete A. de Costa

; Ferrer, Ana Paula Scoleze

; Andrade, Anarella Penha Meirelles de

; Watanabe, Andreia

; Gonçalves, Angelina Maria Freire

; Waetge, Aurora Rosaria Pagliara

; Silva, Camila Altenfelder

; Ceneviva, Carina

; Lazari, Carolina dos Santos

; Abellan, Deipara Monteiro

; Santos, Emilly Henrique dos

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Bianchini, Fabíola Roberta Marim

; Alcantara, Flávio Ferraz de Paes

; Ramos, Gabriel Frizzo

; Leal, Gabriela Nunes

; Rodriguez, Isadora Souza

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Carneiro, Jorge David Avaizoglou

; Paz, Jose Albino

; Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho

; Ferranti, Juliana Ferreira

; Ferreira, Juliana de Oliveira Achili

; Framil, Juliana Valéria de Souza

; Silva, Katia Regina da

; Kanunfre, Kelly Aparecida

; Bastos, Karina Lucio de Medeiros

; Galleti, Karine Vusberg

; Cristofani, Lilian Maria

; Suzuki, Lisa

; Campos, Lucia Maria Arruda

; Perondi, Maria Beatriz de Moliterno

; Diniz, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues

; Fonseca, Maria Fernanda Mota

; Cordon, Mariana Nutti de Almeida

; Pissolato, Mariana

; Peres, Marina Silva

; Garanito, Marlene Pereira

; Imamura, Marta

; Dorna, Mayra de Barros

; Luglio, Michele

; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto

; Aikawa, Nadia Emi

; Degaspare, Natalia Viu

; Sakita, Neusa Keico

; Udsen, Nicole Lee

; Scudeller, Paula Gobi

; Gaiolla, Paula Vieira de Vincenzi

; Severini, Rafael da Silva Giannasi

; Rodrigues, Regina Maria

; Toma, Ricardo Katsuya

; Paula, Ricardo Iunis Citrangulo de

; Palmeira, Patricia

; Forsait, Silvana

; Farhat, Sylvia Costa Lima

; Sakano, Tânia Miyuki Shimoda

; Koch, Vera Hermina Kalika

; Cobello Junior, Vilson

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3488

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic/clinical/laboratory/treatments and outcomes among children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included patients diagnosed with pediatric COVID-19 (aged <18 years) between April 11, 2020 and April 22, 2021. During this period, 102/5,951 (1.7%) of all admissions occurred in neonates, children, and adolescents. Furthermore, 3,962 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection samples were processed in patients aged <18 years, and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 occurred in 155 (4%) inpatients and outpatients. Six/155 pediatric patients were excluded from the study. Therefore, the final group included 149 children and adolescents (n=97 inpatients and 52 outpatients) with positive SARS-CoV-2 results. RESULTS: The frequencies of sore throat, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, myalgia, nausea, lymphopenia, pre-existing chronic conditions, immunosuppressive conditions, and autoimmune diseases were significantly reduced in children and adolescents (p<0.05). Likewise, the frequencies of enoxaparin use (p=0.037), current immunosuppressant use (p=0.008), vasoactive agents (p=0.045), arterial hypotension (p<0.001), and shock (p=0.024) were significantly lower in children than in adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 had increased odds ratios (ORs) for sore throat (OR 13.054; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.750-61.977; p=0.001), nausea (OR 8.875; 95% CI 1.660-47.446; p=0.011), and lymphopenia (OR 3.575; 95% CI 1.355-9.430; p=0.010), but also had less hospitalizations (OR 0.355; 95% CI 0.138-0.916; p=0.032). The additional logistic regression analysis on patients with preexisting chronic conditions (n=108) showed that death as an outcome was significantly associated with pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (OR 22.300; 95% CI 2.341-212.421; p=0.007) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (OR 11.261; 95% CI 1.189-106. 581; p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Half of the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred in adolescents. Individuals belonging to this age group had an acute systemic involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pediatric SARS and MIS-C were the most important factors associated with the mortality rate in pediatric chronic conditions with COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3488

Update on the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in pediatric patients
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Carlotti, Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri

; de Carvalho, Werther Brunow

; Johnston, Cíntia

; Gilio, Alfredo Elias

; de Sousa Marques, Heloisa Helena

; Ferranti, Juliana Ferreira

; Rodriguez, Isadora Souza

; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo

Clinics

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2020, Volume 75 elocation e2353

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a pandemic in March 2020, affecting millions of people worldwide. However, COVID-19 in pediatric patients represents 1-5% of all cases, and the risk for developing severe disease and critical illness is much lower in children with COVID-19 than in adults. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a possible complication of COVID-19, has been described as a hyperinflammatory condition with multiorgan involvement similar to that in Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome in children with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review presents an update on the diagnostic methods for COVID-19, including reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, serology tests, and imaging, and summarizes the current recommendations for the management of the disease. Particular emphasis is placed on respiratory support, which includes noninvasive ventilation and invasive mechanical ventilation strategies according to lung compliance and pattern of lung injury. Pharmacological treatment, including pathogen-targeted drugs and host-directed therapies, has been addressed. The diagnostic criteria and management of MIS-C are also summarized.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2353 859 downloads

Severe clinical spectrum with high mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome
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Pereira, Maria Fernanda Badue

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Farhat, Sylvia Costa Lima

; Eisencraft, Adriana Pasmanik

; Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni

; Carvalho, Werther Brunow de

; Fernandes, Vinicius Rodrigues

; Fink, Thais de Toledo

; Framil, Juliana Valéria de Souza

; Galleti, Karine Vusberg

; Fante, Alice Lima

; Fonseca, Maria Fernanda Mota

; Watanabe, Andreia

; Paula, Camila Sanson Yoshino de

; Palandri, Giovanna Gavros

; Leal, Gabriela Nunes

; Diniz, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

; Rossi Junior, Alfio

; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo

; Andrade, Anarella Penha Meirelles de

; Schvartsman, Claudio

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto

; Kanunfre, Kelly Aparecida

; Okay, Thelma Suely

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda Maria Sales

; Jorge, Patricia Palmeira Daenekas

Clinics

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2020, Volume 75 elocation e2209

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 471 samples collected from 371 patients (age<18 years) suspected of having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The study group comprised 66/371 (18%) laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients: 61 (92.5%) patients tested positive on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2, and 5 (7.5%) patients tested positive on serological tests. MIS-C was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Center for Disease Control. RESULTS: MIS-C was diagnosed in 6/66 (9%) patients. The frequencies of diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain (67% vs. 22%, p=0.034); pediatric SARS (67% vs. 13%, p=0.008); hypoxemia (83% vs. 23%, p=0.006); and arterial hypotension (50% vs. 3%, p=0.004) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C than in those without MIS-C. The frequencies of C-reactive protein levels >50 mg/L (83% vs. 25%, p=0.008) and D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL (100% vs. 40%, p=0.007) and the median D-dimer, troponin T, and ferritin levels (p<0.05) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. The frequencies of pediatric intensive care unit admission (100% vs. 60%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (83% vs. 7%, p<0.001), vasoactive agent use (83% vs. 3%, p<0.001), shock (83% vs. 5%, p<0.001), cardiac abnormalities (100% vs. 2%, p<0.001), and death (67% vs. 3%, p<0.001) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Similarly, the frequencies of oxygen therapy (100% vs. 33%, p=0.003), intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (67% vs. 2%, p<0.001), aspirin therapy (50% vs. 0%, p<0.001), and current acute renal replacement therapy (50% vs. 2%, p=0.002) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of MIS-C was significantly associated with gastrointestinal manifestations [odds ratio (OR)=10.98; 95%CI (95% confidence interval)=1.20-100.86; p=0.034] and hypoxemia [OR=16.85; 95%CI=1.34-211.80; p=0.029]. Further univariate analysis showed a positive association between MIS-C and death [OR=58.00; 95%CI=6.39-526.79; p<0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with MIS-C had a severe clinical spectrum with a high mortality rate. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating MIS-C in pediatric patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal involvement and hypoxemia.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2209 2260 downloads

Spotlight for healthy adolescents and adolescents with preexisting chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Silva, Clovis Artur

; Queiroz, Lígia Bruni

; Fonseca, Claudia de Brito

; Silva, Luís Eduardo Vargas da

; Lourenço, Benito

; Marques, Heloisa Helena Sousa

Clinics

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2020, Volume 75 elocation e1931

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e1931 2228 downloads

A Brazilian university hospital position regarding transplantation criteria for HIV-positive patients according to the current literature
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Pierrotti, Lígia Camera

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Costa, Silvia Figueiredo

; Azevedo, Luiz Sérgio Fonseca de

; Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão

; Campos, Silvia Vidal

; Odongo, Fatuma Catherine Atieno

; Reusing-Junior, Jose Otto

; Song, Alice Tung Wan

; Lopes, Max Igor Banks Ferreira

; Batista, Marjorie Vieira

; Lopes, Marta Heloisa

; Maluf, Natalya Zaidan

; Caiaffa-Filho, Hélio Helh

; de Oliveira, Maura Salarolli

; Sousa Marques, Heloisa Helena de

; Abdala, Edson

Clinics

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2019, Volume 74 elocation e941

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was considered a contraindication for solid organ transplantation (SOT) in the past. However, HIV management has improved since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available in 1996, and the long-term survival of patients living with HIV has led many transplant programs to reevaluate their policies regarding the exclusion of patients with HIV infection. Based on the available data in the medical literature and the cumulative experience of transplantation in HIV-positive patients at our hospital, the aim of the present article is to outline the criteria for transplantation in HIV-positive patients as recommended by the Immunocompromised Host Committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e941 688 downloads

Acute petrified myocardium associated with meningococcal sepsis in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous: a fatal case
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Santos, Ana Carolina Etrusco Zaroni

; Luglio, Michele

; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo

; Schuwartz, Constance Dell Santo Vieira

; Marques, Heloísa Helena Sousa

; Valões, Clarissa Carvalho de Miranda

; Dominguez, Maria Andreina Cabrera

; Carvalho, Werther Brunow de

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e39

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Acute petrified myocardium associated with septic shock, diagnosed by autopsy has rarely been described. A 15-year-old adolescent male was diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. One year later, he was hospitalized with fever, myalgia, headache, arthritis, vomiting, dyspnea and was diagnosed with sepsis secondary to bronchopneumonia and meningitis. Blood culture identified Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y. Despite antibiotics and intensive therapeutic measures, he died after 29 days of hospitalization. The autopsy revealed necrotic cardiomyocytes with dystrophic calcification and interstitial fibrosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961039 1113 downloads

Alta prevalência de sedentarismo em adolescentes que vivem com HIV/Aids
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Tanaka, Luana Fiengo

; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira

; Silva, Aline Medeiros

; Konstantyner, Thais Claudia Roma de Oliveira

; Peres, Stela Verzinhasse

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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sep 2015, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 326 - 331

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

ResumoObjetivo:Verificar a prevalência de sedentarismo entre adolescentes com HIV/Aids e seus fatores associados.Métodos:Foram entrevistados 91 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, com HIV/Aids, em acompanhamento em uma unidade de infectologia universitária. Foram coletados dados antropométricos (peso, altura e circunferência da cintura) em duplicata, informações clínicas foram obtidas nos prontuários médicos e a prática de atividade física habitual foi medida por meio do questionário proposto por Florindo et al. O ponto de corte para sedentarismo foi de 300 minutos/semana.Resultados:As prevalências de altura inadequada para idade, desnutrição e sobrepeso/obesidade foram de 15,4%, 9,9% e 12,1%, respectivamente. As atividades físicas mais citadas foram: futebol (44,4%), voleibol (14,4%) e andar de bicicleta (7,8%). Os tempos medianos dispendidos com a prática de atividade física e caminhando/andando de bicicleta até a escola foram de 141 minutos e 39 minutos, respectivamente. A maioria dos adolescentes (71,4%) era sedentária, proporção maior entre as meninas (p=0,046).Conclusões:Foi observada alta prevalência de sedentarismo entre adolescentes com HIV/Aids, prevalência essa semelhante àquela observada na população geral. Promover a prática de atividade física entre adolescentes - especialmente entre meninas - com HIV/Aids, assim como monitorá-la, deve fazer parte da rotina de acompanhamento desses pacientes.

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents with HIV/AIDS, as well as associated factors.Methods:Ninety-one adolescents (from 10 to 19 years old) with HIV/AIDS who are patients at a university follow-up service were interviewed. Anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist circumference) were measured twice; clinical information was obtained from medical records, and habitual physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire proposed by Florindo et al. The cutoff point for sedentariness was 300 minutes/week.Results:The prevalence of inadequate height for age, malnutrition, and overweight/obesity was 15.4%, 9.9% and 12.1%, respectively. The most common physical activities were soccer (44.4%), volleyball (14.4%) and cycling (7.8%). The median times spent with physical activity and walking/bicycling to school were 141 min and 39 min, respectively. Most adolescents (71.4%) were sedentary and this proportion was higher among girls (p=0.046).Conclusions:A high prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents with HIV/AIDS was observed, similar to the general population. Promoting physical activity among adolescents, especially among girls with HIV/AIDS, as well as monitoring it should be part of the follow-up routine of these patients.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2014.12.003 3655 downloads

10.

Cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients
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Azevedo, Luiz Sergio

; Pierrotti, Lígia Camera

; Abdala, Edson

; Costa, Silvia Figueiredo

; Strabelli, Tânia Mara Varejão

; Campos, Silvia Vidal

; Ramos, Jéssica Fernandes

; Latif, Acram Zahredine Abdul

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Maluf, Natalya Zaidan

; Filho, Helio Hehl Caiaffa

; Pannuti, Claudio Sergio

; Lopes, Marta Heloisa

; Santos, Vera Aparecida dos

; Linardi, Camila da Cruz Gouveia

; Yasuda, Maria Aparecida Shikanai

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

Clinics

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jul 2015, Volume 70 N. 7 Pages 515 - 523

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Cytomegalovirus infection is a frequent complication after transplantation. This infection occurs due to transmission from the transplanted organ, due to reactivation of latent infection, or after a primary infection in seronegative patients and can be defined as follows: latent infection, active infection, viral syndrome or invasive disease. This condition occurs mainly between 30 and 90 days after transplantation. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in particular, infection usually occurs within the first 30 days after transplantation and in the presence of graft-versus-host disease. The major risk factors are when the recipient is cytomegalovirus seronegative and the donor is seropositive as well as when lymphocyte-depleting antibodies are used. There are two methods for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: the pp65 antigenemia assay and polymerase chain reaction. Serology has no value for the diagnosis of active disease, whereas histology of the affected tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis are useful in the diagnosis of invasive disease. Cytomegalovirus disease can be prevented by prophylaxis (the administration of antiviral drugs to all or to a subgroup of patients who are at higher risk of viral replication) or by preemptive therapy (the early diagnosis of viral replication before development of the disease and prescription of antiviral treatment to prevent the appearance of clinical disease). The drug used is intravenous or oral ganciclovir; oral valganciclovir; or, less frequently, valacyclovir. Prophylaxis should continue for 90 to 180 days. Treatment is always indicated in cytomegalovirus disease, and the gold-standard drug is intravenous ganciclovir. Treatment should be given for 2 to 3 weeks and should be continued for an additional 7 days after the first negative result for viremia.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2015(07)09 3565 downloads

11.

Poor diet quality among Brazilian adolescents with HIV/AIDS
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Tanaka, Luana Fiengo

; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira

; Silva, Aline Medeiros da

; Konstantyner, Thais Claudia Roma de Oliveira

; Mendes, Elissa Caroline

; Marques, Heloísa Helena Sousa

Jornal de Pediatria

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apr 2015, Volume 91 N. 2 Pages 152 - 159

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal que envolveu pacientes com HIV/Aids atendidos em um hospital de referência em São Paulo. Participaram 88 adolescentes (10-19 anos). Informações sobre história clínica e uso de medicamentos foram obtidas dos prontuários médicos. Os participantes responderam a dois recordatórios de 24 horas. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo índice de qualidade da dieta revisado (IQD-R) adaptado para a população brasileira. Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados. As médias do escore do IQD-R foram comparadas de acordo com as variáveis independentes, com o teste t de Student ou o teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: A média do IQD-R foi 51,90 (EP = 0,90). Os componentes de menores médias foram: cereais integrais e sódio. Os componentes de maiores médias foram cereais totais e óleos. Não foram encontradas correlações entre as variáveis independentes e o IQD-R. Adolescentes que vivem em casas de apoio tiveram médias maiores para frutas totais e menores para carnes e feijão em comparação com os adolescentes que vivem com suas famílias. As meninas apresentaram médias mais altas para leite e menores médias para calorias provenientes de gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcares adicionados, em comparação com os meninos. CONCLUSÕES: Os adolescentes com HIV/Aids apresentaram padrão alimentar semelhante àquele da população geral: alto consumo de açúcar, gordura saturada e sódio e ingestão insuficiente de cereais integrais e frutas. Atenção especial deve ser dada à dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids, pois eles estão sob maior risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças crônicas.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess diet quality among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with HIV/AIDS treated in a referral hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eighty-eight adolescents (10-19 years of age) participated in the study. Information on disease history and use of medication were obtained from medical records. The participants responded to two 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality was assessed by means of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) adapted to the Brazilian population. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Mean HEI-2005 scores were compared according to the independent variables using either the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean HEI-2005 score was 51.90 (SE = 0.90). The components with the lowest means were whole grains and sodium. Components with highest means were total grains and oils. No correlations were found between the independent variables and HEI score. Adolescents living in foster homes had higher means for total fruit and lower means for meat and beans in comparison to adolescents living with their families. Girls had higher means for milk and lower means for calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars in comparison to boys. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with HIV/AIDS exhibited a similar eating pattern to that of adolescents in the general population: high consumption of added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium, and insufficient ingestion of whole grains and fruits. Special attention should be paid to the diet of adolescents with HIV/AIDS, who are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.06.007 2511 downloads

12.

Management of post-transplant Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative disease in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell recipients
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Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Azevedo, Luiz Sérgio Fonseca de

; Caiaffa-Filho, Hélio Helh

; Pierrotti, Lígia Camera

; Aquino, Maria Zilda de

; Lopes, Marta Heloisa

; Maluf, Natalya Zaidan

; Campos, Silvia Vidal

; Costa, Silvia Figueiredo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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oct 2014, Volume 47 N. 5 Pages 543 - 546

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is one of the most serious complications associated with solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PTLD is most frequently seen with primary EBV infection post-transplant, a common scenario for pediatric solid organ recipients. Risk factors for infection or reactivation of EBV following solid organ transplant are stronger immunosuppressive therapy regimens, and being seronegative for receptor. For hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the risk factors relate to the type of transplant, human leukocyte antigen disparity, the use of stronger immunosuppressants, T-cell depletion, and severe graft-versus-host disease. Mortality is high, and most frequent in patients who develop PTLD in the first six months post-transplant. The primary goal of this article is to provide an overview of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, accepted therapies, and management of EBV infection in transplant recipients, and to suggest that the adoption of monitoring protocols could contribute to a reduction in related complications.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0036-2014 4778 downloads

13.

Factors associated with time free of oral candidiasis in children living with HIV/AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil
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Konstantyner, Thais Claudia Roma de Oliveira

; Silva, Aline Medeiros da

; Tanaka, Luana Fiengo

; Marques, Heloísa Helena de Sousa

; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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nov 2013, Volume 29 N. 11 Pages 2197 - 2207

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

A recorrência da candidíase oral em crianças vivendo com HIV/AIDS é um acontecimento muito comum na prática clínica. O objetivo foi verificar os fatores associados ao tempo livre de candidíase oral, utilizando técnica de análise de sobrevida para eventos recorrentes. Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 287 crianças, atendidas entre 1985 e 2009, em um serviço de saúde de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi utilizado o modelo marginal para eventos recorrentes de Prentice, Williams e Peterson para investigação dos fatores associados ao tempo livre de candidíase oral. Imunodepressão moderada (HR = 2,5; p = 0,005) ou grave (HR = 3,5; p < 0,001), anemia (HR = 3,3; p < 0,001), desnutrição (HR = 2,6; p = 0,004) e internação (HR = 2,2; p < 0,001), monoterapia (HR = 0,5; p = 0,006), terapia dupla (HR = 0,3; p < 0,001) e terapia tripla/HAART (HR = 0,1; p < 0,001) foram associados ao tempo livre de candidíase oral. A metodologia apresentada neste artigo pode ser bastante útil em pesquisas na área de HIV/AIDS, quando pretende-se estudar eventos com comportamento de recorrência.

In clinical practice, recurrence of thrush is common in children living with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with time spent free of oral candidiasis using survival analysis for recurrent events. A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 287 children treated between 1985 and 2009 at a reference center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The Prentice, Williams and Peterson model for recurrent events was used for the investigation of factors associated with the time free of oral candidiasis. The following factors were associated with the time patients were free of oral candidiasis: moderate immunodepression (HR = 2.5; p = 0.005), severe immunodepression (HR = 3.5; p < 0.001), anemia (HR = 3.3; p < 0.001), malnutrition (HR = 2.6; p = 0.004), hospitalization (HR = 2.2; p < 0.001), monotherapy (HR = 0.5; p = 0.006), dual therapy (HR = 0.3; p < 0.001) and triple therapy/highly active antiretroviral therapy (HR = 0.1; p < 0.001). The method analyzed in the present study proved useful for the investigation of recurrent events in patients living with HIV/AIDS.

La repetición de candidiasis oral en los niños que viven con VIH/SIDA es muy común en la práctica clínica. El objetivo fue verificar los factores asociados al tiempo libre y la candidiasis oral, usando la técnica de análisis de supervivencia para eventos recurrentes. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con 287 niños que visitaron entre 1985 y 2009 un servicio de salud de São Paulo, Brasil. Se usó el modelo marginal para eventos recurrentes de Prentice, Williams y Peterson, con el fin de investigar los factores asociados. Moderada inmunodepresión (HR = 2,5; p = 0,005) o grave (HR = 3,5; p < 0,001), anemia (HR = 3,3; p < 0,001), desnutrición (HR = 2,6; p = 0,004) y hospitalización (HR = 2,2; p < 0,001), monoterapia (HR = 0,5; p = 0, 006), terapia dual (HR = 0,3; p < 0,001) y triple terapia/TARGA (HR = 0,1; p < 0,001) se asociaron al tiempo libre y la candidiasis oral. La metodología presentada en este artículo puede ser útil para la investigación en el área de VIH/SIDA, cuando se pretenda estudiar el comportamiento de la repetición del evento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00069213 3175 downloads

14.

Factors associated with time free of oral candidiasis in children living with HIV/AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil
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Konstantyner, Thais Claudia Roma de Oliveira

; Silva, Aline Medeiros da

; Tanaka, Luana Fiengo

; Marques, Heloísa Helena de Sousa

; Latorre, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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nov 2013, Volume 29 N. 11 Pages 2197 - 2207

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00069213 1817 downloads

15.

Improving survival in children with AIDS in Brazil: results of the second national study, 1999-2002
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Matida, Luiza Harunari

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

; Heukelbach, Jorg

; Sañudo, Adriana

; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes

; Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa

; Negra, Marinella Della

; Hearst, Norman

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s93 - s103

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo caracteriza a sobrevida em crianças com AIDS no Brasil entre 1999-2002, contextualizando com o primeiro estudo nacional (1983-1998). Trata-se de coorte histórica, com crianças expostas ao HIV por transmissão vertical e acompanhadas até 2007. A probabilidade de sobrevivência em 60 meses foi analisada segundo sexo, ano de nascimento e de óbito, classificação clínica, uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e de profilaxia para doenças oportunistas. No total, 920 crianças foram incluídas. A probabilidade de sobrevivência foi ampliada 3,5 vezes nos dois períodos avaliados, passando de 25% antes de 1988 para 86,3% no período de 2001-2002. Uso de TARV, classificação clínica inicial e atual/final foram preditores que influíram significativamente (p < 0,001) para a ampliação da sobrevida. Os resultados deste estudo indicam o sucesso da política brasileira para a abordagem das crianças infectadas com HIV. A melhora do estado clínico contribuiu para melhora da qualidade de vida, mas sinaliza-se para a necessidade de incorporação de práticas pautadas na integralidade do cuidado.

The objective of this study is to characterize survival in children with AIDS diagnosed in Brazil between 1999-2002, compared with the first national study (1983-1998). This national retrospective cohort study examined a representative sample of Brazilian children exposed to HIV from mother-to-child transmission and followed through 2007. The survival probability after 60 months was analyzed by sex, year of birth and death, clinical classification, use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prophylaxis for opportunistic diseases. 920 children were included. The survival probability increased: comparing cases diagnosed before 1988 with those diagnosed from 2001-2002 it increased by 3.5-fold (from 25% to 86.3%). Use of ART, initial clinical classification, and final classification were significant (p < 0.001) predictors of survival. Issues regarding quality of records and care were identified. The results point to the success of the Brazilian policy of providing ART. The improvement of clinical status contributes to quality of life, while indicating challenges, particularly practices to improve long-term care.

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