ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the cognitive development of preterm infants at six and 12 months of corrected age and the associations with perinatal and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cognitive development of 40 infants (20 preterm and 20 full-term) at six and 12 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley-III scale. Correlations between cognitive outcome and associated factors were assessed using Spearman correlation. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with covariance was applied to identify changes on cognitive score between six and 12 months. Results: Bayley-III cognitive score in preterm group was significantly lower than in full-term group at both six and 12 months of age. Birth weight correlated with cognitive performance at six months and head circumference at birth at 12 months, in full-terms infants. The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis was inversely associated with cognitive score in preterms at 12 months. An increase in cognitive score was observed between six and 12 months in both groups, but the gain was more pronounced in preterms. Conclusions: These findings suggest some cognitive recovery capacity in the first year despite the restrictions imposed by premature birth and emphasize the importance of early interventions in this population.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças pré-termo aos seis e 12 meses de idade corrigida e as associações com fatores perinatais e socioeconômicos. Métodos: O desenvolvimento cognitivo de 40 crianças (20 pré-termo e 20 a termo) foi avaliado aos seis e 12 meses de idade, utilizando a escala Bayley-III. Correlações entre resultados cognitivos e fatores associados foram avaliadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. A análise de regressão linear múltipla stepwise com covariância foi aplicada para identificar mudanças na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses. Resultados: O escore cognitivo no grupo pré-termo foi significativamente menor que no grupo a termo aos seis e 12 meses. O peso ao nascer foi diretamente associado com o desempenho cognitivo aos seis meses e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento aos 12 meses, nas crianças a termo. A ocorrência de enterocolite necrosante foi inversamente associada ao desempenho cognitivo em pré-termos, aos 12 meses. Verificou-se aumento na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses nos dois grupos, porém mais pronunciado no pré-termo. Conclusões: O estudo sugere que crianças pré-termo apresentam alguma capacidade de recuperação cognitiva no primeiro ano, apesar das restrições impostas pelo nascimento prematuro, e enfatizam a importância de acompanhamento dessa população desde os primeiros meses de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms in a sample of Brazilian adults, and its association with personality, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial measures. Methods We evaluated 219 adults online recruited using questionnaires and psychometric scales. We evaluated the behavior and pattern of internet games using the Game Addiction Scale (GAS). We tested the association of the previous measures with the GAS scores by spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis. Results Of our sample, 74% played games online. We found correlations between IGD symptoms and most symptoms of mental disorders, with small or moderate effect sizes, as well as correlations with the personality traits of agreeableness (r = -0.272; p < 0.001), conscientiousness (r = - 0.314; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (r = 0.299; p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a negative association with psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life (r = -0.339; p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (r = - 0.202; p < 0.003). The multivariate model included the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness and symptoms of dissociation and somatization as predictors. The prevalence of IGD was 9% in those who played online games. Conclusion IGD is correlated with different areas of the individual’s life, such as personality, quality of life, and several common symptoms of mental disorders. The prevalence can be considered high among players (9%). Conscientiousness, agreeability, somatic symptoms, and dissociative symptoms were associated with the symptoms of IGD.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de sintomas do transtorno do jogo pela internet (TJI) em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros e sua associação com personalidade, sintomas psiquiátricos e medidas psicossociais. Métodos Avaliamos 219 adultos recrutados on-line por meio de questionários e escalas psicométricas. Avaliamos o comportamento e o padrão dos jogos na internet usando a Game Addiction Scale (GAS). Testamos a associação das medidas anteriores com as pontuações na GAS por meio de correlações de Spearman e análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados De nossa amostra, 74% jogavam jogos on-line. Encontramos correlações entre sintomas do TJI e a maioria dos sintomas de transtornos mentais, com tamanhos de efeito pequenos ou moderados, bem como correlações com os traços de personalidade de amabilidade (r = -0,272; p < 0,001), conscienciosidade (r = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e neuroticismo (r = 0,299; p < 0,001). Além disso, encontramos uma associação negativa com resultados psicossociais, como qualidade de vida (r = -0,339; p < 0,001) e satisfação com a vida (r = - 0,202; p < 0,003). O modelo multivariado incluiu os traços de personalidade de conscienciosidade e amabilidade e sintomas de dissociação e somatização como preditores. A prevalência de TJI foi de 9% entre os que jogavam jogos on-line. Conclusão O TJI está correlacionado com diferentes áreas da vida do indivíduo, como personalidade, qualidade de vida e vários sintomas comuns de transtornos mentais. A prevalência pode ser considerada alta entre os jogadores (9%). Conscienciosidade, amabilidade, sintomas somáticos e sintomas dissociativos estavam associados aos sintomas do TJI.

Abstract Objective: To translate and validate the version for children and adolescents of the UPPS-P scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Method: After a five-step translation process, the final draft was submitted to a panel of 12 different specialties experts. Subsequently, the application of the scale was applied concomitantly with the "Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Scale - Version IV" (SNAP-IV) and the "Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory" (CABI) scale to analyze the correlation between them. Content Validity Index (CVI) and reliability were estimated by calculating internal consistency and analyzing its test-retest stability. Results: The items whose CVI was lower than 80% underwent a detailed analysis to verify the reason for the bad evaluation. Five items (3, 7, 11, 22 and 35) scored below 80% and were reassessed. There was high internal consistency in all parameters: Lack of premeditation (McDonald's omega = 0.806; Cronbach's alpha = 0.801), Negative Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.838; Cronbach's alpha = 0.836), Sensation seeking (McDonald's omega = 0.826; Cronbach's alpha = 0.810), Lack of Perseverance (McDonald's omega = 0.800; Cronbach's alpha = 0.799) and Positive Urgency (McDonald's omega = 0.936; Cronbach's alpha = 0.934). A strong correlation was observed between UPPS-P features and impulsivity in behavioral assessments. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the UPPS-P scale is a good instrument to assess impulsivity in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and hearing skills in children with hearing loss who use cochlear implants. Methods This is an observational analytical study. The participants were the children’s main caregivers divided into a study group (N=50) and a control group (N=28). The children’s ages were between 3 and 7 years old. Subjects in the study group provided a past medical history (PMH), and completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) or the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS). Subjects in the control group also provided a PMH and completed the PSDQ. The Mann Whitney test, the Spearman coefficient, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for data analysis, utilizing the JASP 0.8 and SPSS 23 softwares. Results Results showed that The authoritarian parenting style and punishment dimension revealed a statistical significance, with higher scores for children with altered auditory development. Conclusion It was concluded that the practice of authoritarian parenting style with punitive dimensions and physical coercion were related to altered hearing development. Regulation dimension presented a significant correlation with hearing development. The outcome suggested the importance of psychotherapeutic strategies for caregivers who are responsible for children with hearing loss.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre estilos parentais e habilidades auditivas em crianças usuárias de implante coclear. Métodos Este é um estudo analítico observacional. Os participantes foram os cuidadores principais das crianças divididos em grupo estudo (N=50) e grupo controle (N=28). As idades das crianças estavam entre 3 e 7 anos. Os indivíduos do grupo estudo forneceram uma história médica pregressa (HMP) e preencheram o Questionário de Estilos e Dimensões Parentais (QEDP) e a Escala de Integração Auditiva Significativa Infantil-Toddler (IT-MAIS) ou a Escala de Integração Auditiva Significativa (MAIS). Os sujeitos do grupo controle também forneceram um PMH e preencheram o QEDP. O teste de Mann Whitney, o coeficiente de Spearman e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para análise dos dados, utilizando-se os softwares JASP 0.8 e SPSS 23. Resultados Os grupos estudo e controle não apresentam diferenças significativas em relação aos estilos parentais (p<0,05). A dimensão estilo parental autoritário e punição revelou significância estatística, com escores mais elevados para crianças com desenvolvimento auditivo alterado. Conclusão No presente estudo foi possível verificar que a prática do estilo parental autoritário com dimensões punitivas e coerção física esteve relacionada ao desenvolvimento auditivo alterado em crianças usuárias de implante coclear.

Objective: To compare the distress level among Brazilian healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and estimate risks by sex, age, and occupation. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort design, a nationally distributed online survey was used to collect data from 10,490 active healthcare professionals who worked during the pandemic. Participants were mostly female, aged 18 to 82 years; 13 different health professions and all states of Brazil were represented. Results: The most frequent professions were psychology, dentistry, and nursing. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) score suggested an increased distress perception among health professionals. Females showed poorer mental health than males, but the absolute rise in Global Severity Index (GSI) score was larger in males than in females. Younger adults reported more symptoms of psychological distress than older adults. The most impacted age group was between 30-39 years. Nurse technicians presented the highest risk of distress. Conclusion: Health professionals are essential to overcoming the pandemic; thus, their mental health status should be monitored, and features associated with increased distress should be identified. Our findings suggest distress risk should be stratified by occupation, age, and sex. Health professionals showed an increased distress perception. Women, individuals between the ages of 30 and 39, nursing personnel, and physicians were more likely to report distress compared with other health professionals.

RESUMO. O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) é caracterizado por dificuldades na interação social e comportamentos/interesses inflexíveis. Com o intuito de quantificar os traços de TEA em adultos com inteligência preservada, foi desenvolvido o quociente do espectro do autismo (QA), um instrumento de autorrelato muito utilizado e recomendado. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi apresentar uma análise descritiva do QA em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros com desenvolvimento neurotípico (n=385) e investigar o desempenho da escala em uma subamostra clínica (n=33). Métodos: Foram recrutados 1.024 participantes, que responderam ao Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), ao QA e a questões sobre o seu histórico psiquiátrico. Em seguida, selecionamos 385 participantes sem qualquer diagnóstico psiquiátrico para descrever a distribuição dos traços de TEA. Para investigar o desempenho do QA, avaliamos 33 adultos com TEA e 19 adultos com desenvolvimento neurotípico da amostra total (n=1024). Resultados: As características do TEA apresentaram distribuição normal na amostra, com alta consistência interna. Do total de 91 homens, os voluntários com 32 pontos (ponto de corte clínico) ou mais pontuaram acima de 93% da amostra de controle. De 294 mulheres, aquelas que obtiveram pontuação clínica na escala pontuaram acima de 97%. Na subamostra clínica (n=33), o valor preditivo positivo do QA foi de 0,84 e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 0,7. Conclusões: A população estudada apresenta um perfil diferente comparada à população do estudo original, no que se refere à escala QA. Os traços de TEA foram normalmente distribuídos na amostra neurotípica, e a escala parece ter um desempenho satisfatório para predizer autismo. Estudos futuros são necessários para adequar o uso da escala na população brasileira.

ABSTRACT. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and inflexible behaviors/interests. To quantify ASD traits in adults with preserved intelligence, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was developed, which is a self-report instrument and one of the most used and recommended tools. Objectives: We aimed to present a descriptive analysis of the AQ in a sample of Brazilian adults with neurotypical development (n=385) and investigate how the scale performs in a clinical subsample (n=33). Methods: We recruited 1,024 participants. They answered the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), AQ, and about their psychiatric record. Then, we selected 385 participants without any psychiatric diagnosis to describe the distribution of the ASD traits. To investigate the AQ performance, we evaluated 33 adults with ASD and 19 adults with neurotypical development from the total sample (n=1,024). Results: ASD traits were normally distributed in the population, with high internal consistency. Of a total of 91 men, volunteers with 32 points (clinical cutoff point) or more scored higher than 93% of the control sample. Of a total of 294 women, those who got a clinical score on the scale scored higher than 97%. In the clinical subsample (n=33), the positive predictive value (PPV) of the AQ was 0.84, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.7. Conclusions: The study population has a different profile compared to the original study regarding the AQ scale. ASD traits were normally distributed in the neurotypical sample, and the scale seems to have a satisfactory performance to predict ASD. Future studies are required to adequate the use of the scale in the Brazilian population.

Abstract Introduction The existence of a general factor related to psychiatric symptoms is supported by studies using a variety of methods in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the replicability of the internal structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory in a large Brazilian sample. Methods Participants were 6,427 Brazilian subjects (81% female). Mean age was 42.1 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.6, Min = 13, Max = 80). All participants completed the online version of the Brief Symptom Inventory. This scale presents a general score (GSI) and nine specific clusters of symptoms (depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive behavior, hostility, and somatization symptoms). Results Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the BSI. The results showed that the best-fitting model was a bifactor solution and the general factor was the main dimension explaining most of the reliable variability in the data. Conclusion The findings suggest that the BSI’s internal structure was replicated in a non-clinical sample and that the general factor is the most reliable score. However, it is necessary to better understand the meaning of the general factor scores in a non-clinical sample to increase interpretability of scores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão curta ou MTA da escala Swanson, Nolan e Pelham, versão IV (SNAP-IV), que mede os sintomas do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e transtorno desafiador de oposição. Métodos: Os participantes incluíram 765 pais de crianças de 4 a 16 anos (641 crianças sem transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e 124 com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade) de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, que relataram características sociodemográficas e responderam o SNAP-IV. Os pais da amostra clínica também foram submetidos à entrevista com K-SADS-PL. Resultados: A idade foi significativamente associada aos problemas de hiperatividade-impulsividade no SNAP-IV (r = −0,14), mas não à desatenção ou aos transtornos desafiadores de oposição. O sexo foi uma influência significativa na gravidade do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e transtorno desafiador de oposição (todos os p < 0,001), os meninos apresentaram escores mais altos na amostra completa, mas não no grupo de transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade. A análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória apoia uma estrutura de três fatores da escala SNAP-IV. Foram encontradas correlações moderadas a fortes entre as medidas dos instrumentos SNAP-IV e K-SADS-PL. Todas as escalas do SNAP-IV mostraram coeficientes de consistência interna muito altos (todos acima de 0,91). Os escores de desatenção do SNAP-IV foram os mais preditivos do diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (AUC - área sob a curva ROC: 0,877 para o método de classificação da média e o método da soma bruta e 0,874 para o método de presença ou ausência de sintomas). Conclusão: A avaliação do SNAP-IV pelos pais apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas em uma escola brasileira e amostra clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the short or multimodal treatment study version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV (SNAP-IV) scale, which measures attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Methods: Participants were 765 parents of children from 4 to 16 years old (641 non-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 124 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, who reported sociodemographic characteristics and answered the SNAP-IV. Parents of the clinical sample also underwent the K-SADS-PL interview. Results: Age was significantly associated with SNAP-IV hyperactivity-impulsivity problems (r = −0.14), but not with inattention or oppositional defiant disorder. Sex was a significant influence on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder severity (all p < 0.001), with boys showing higher scores in the full sample, but not within the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supports a three-factor structure of the SNAP-IV scale. Moderate-to-strong correlations were found between SNAP-IV and K-SADS-PL measures. All SNAP-IV scales showed very high internal consistency coefficients (all above 0.91). SNAP-IV inattention scores were the most predictive of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (AUC: 0.877 for the averaging rating method and the raw sum method, and 0.874 for the symptom presence/absence method). Conclusion: The parent SNAP-IV showed good psychometric properties in a Brazilian school and clinical sample.

RESUMO Objetivo Falhas cognitivas são erros cometidos no dia a dia como perda de compromissos, falta de palavras ao conversar, dificuldades de memorizar o que é lido, erros de orientação, entre outros. Sintomas psiquiátricos internalizantes e externalizantes podem contribuir para a ocorrência de falhas cognitivas. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar como sintomas internalizantes e externalizantes contribuem para a ocorrência de falhas cognitivas no dia a dia. Métodos Foram avaliados 366 voluntários utilizando o Questionário de Falhas Cognitivas (CFQ) e as escalas Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), como medida de sintomas internalizantes, e Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18), como medida de sintomas externalizantes. Os participantes foram classificados com base nos pontos de corte da SRQ-20 e ASRS-18 para a criação de quatro grupos: hígido, internalizante, externalizante e misto. Comparamos os grupos por meio de ANOVA e testamos a associação das variáveis estudadas por meio de correlações. Resultados Todas as escalas apresentaram correlações fortes entre si (r > 0,500, p < 0,001). A comparação dos grupos sugere que participantes com escores clínicos de sintomas internalizantes e externalizantes apresentam mais falhas quando comparados ao grupo hígido (d = 0,86 e d = 1,00), mas não apresentam diferenças entre si (d = 0,21). Participantes do grupo misto apresentaram mais falhas que o grupo hígido (d = 2,01), internalizante (d = 1,31) e externalizante (d = 1,05). Conclusão Tanto sintomas internalizantes quanto externalizantes contribuem para a ocorrência de falhas cognitivas no dia a dia. Observamos ainda um efeito aditivo de ambos os sintomas.

ABSTRACT Objective Cognitive failures are errors made in everyday life such as forgetting appointments, lack of words when talking, difficulties to memorize what is read, errors of orientation, among others. Internalizing and externalizing psychiatric symptoms may contribute to the occurrence of cognitive failures. The present study aims to evaluate how internalizing and externalizing symptoms contribute to the occurrence of everyday cognitive failures. Methods We evaluated 366 volunteers using the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) as a measure of internalizing symptoms and the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) as a measure of externalizing symptoms. We classified the participants based on the SRQ-20 and ASRS-18 cut-off scores to create four groups: controls, internalizing, externalizing, and mixed. We compared the groups by means of ANOVA and tested its associations with correlations. Results All scales showed strong correlations between each other (r > 0.500, p < 0.001). The comparison of the groups suggests that participants with clinical scores of internalizing and externalizing symptoms have more failures when compared to the control group (d = 0.86 and d = 1.00), but they do not present differences between themselves (d = 0.21). Participants of the mixed group presented more failures than the control group (d = 2.01), and the internalizing (d = 1.31) and externalizing (d = 1.05) groups. Conclusion Both internalizing and externalizing symptoms contribute to the occurrence of day-to-day cognitive failures. We also observed an additive effect of both symptoms.

Abstract Background: Children and adolescents are considered a population at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event. The Children's Revised Impact Scale (CRIES-8) is a self-report scale with 8 items that investigates avoidance and intrusion behaviors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Objective: The study consisted of translation and transcultural adaptation of CRIES-8 to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Methods: A sample of 235 Brazilian children and adolescents exposed to natural hazards (drought or flood) and non-exposed children participated in the study. The methodological procedure for translation and cultural adaptation were in accordance with the principles described by ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. We also evaluated test reliability and validity based on test content, the relations to other variables, and internal structure. Results: The procedures lead to a final Portuguese version proofread and cultural-adapted. Empirical evidence supports CRIES-8's division in two latent constructs (Intrusion and Avoidance), as well convergence correlations with other measures of child mental health and high reliability. Discussion: A Brazilian-Portuguese version of CRIES-8 is an important tool for a better screening of PTSD among youth who face traumatic events, being a potential informative instrument to identify children at risk.

RESUMO O presente estudo avalia a associação entre velocidade de processamento, funções executivas e memória em uma amostra de diferentes faixas etárias. O estudo testa a hipótese de que a velocidade de processamento, as funções executivas e a memória apresentam associação mais forte na infância e na velhice. Avaliamos 571 participantes, com idade entre seis e 92 anos, divididos em quatro grupos etários: crianças/adolescentes, adultos jovens, adultos de meia-idade e idosos. Análises de correlação sugerem que a variância compartilhada entre velocidade de processamento e memória é forte na infância e fraca nas demais idades. Já as funções executivas apresentaram associação forte com a memória tanto na infância quanto na velhice, quando comparadas aos estágios intermediários. Concluímos que os efeitos da atenção sobre a memória variam em função da idade do participante. Essas funções podem ser mecanismos compensatórios para a memória ao longo do desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the association between episodic memory, executive function and processing speed in a sample with different age ranges. We tested the hypothesis that processing speed, executive function and memory are more strongly associated during childhood and old age. We evaluated 571 participants, aged six to 92 years, divided into four age groups: children/adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults and older adults. Correlation analyses suggested that the shared variance between the processing speed and memory is strong in childhood but weak across other age ranges. Executive function, however, had a stronger association both in childhood and in old age, when compared with the intermediate stages. We conclude that the effects of processing speed and executive function on memory are not stable across human development. These functions may be compensatory mechanisms for memory functioning in childhood and old age.

Resumo Introdução Na avaliação de idosos com educação formal muito baixa, os testes típicos de atenção seletiva e controle inibitório são enviesados devido à dependência de habilidades básicas de leitura. Nesse sentido, pretende-se avaliar as características psicométricas do Teste dos Cinco Dígitos (Five Digits Test, FDT), teste de paradigma Stroop-numérico, em idosos sem transtornos cognitivos, em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo e em pacientes com demência. Métodos Foram avaliados 211 idosos brasileiros com baixa escolarização formal por meio do FDT e outras medidas cognitivas. Analisamos a validade de construto e a confiabilidade por correlações e consistência interna. Resultados O FDT apresentou correlações fracas com testes de inteligência cristalizada e correlações de moderadas ou fortes com medidas de inteligência fluida, medidas cognitivas globais e testes de funções executivas. O teste apresentou consistência interna elevada (>0.900). Conclusão Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o FDT é uma medida válida e confiável para a avaliação da velocidade de processamento e funções executivas em idosos com baixa escolaridade.

Abstract Introduction In the assessment of older adults with very low formal education, typical tests of selective attention and inhibitory control are biased by reading abilities. In this sense, we aim to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Five Digits Test (FDT), a numerical Stroop paradigm, in older adults without cognitive disorders, with mild cognitive impairment, and with dementia. Methods We assessed 211 Brazilian older adults with low formal education using the FDT and other cognitive measures. Construct validity and reliability were assessed by correlations and internal consistency. Results The FDT test had weak correlations with crystalized intelligence tests and moderate-high correlations with fluid intelligence measures and tests of global cognitive status and executive functions. The split-half coefficient of reliability showed high internal consistency (>0.900). Conclusion Together, the results suggest that the FDT is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of processing speed and executive functions in older adults with low formal education.

Abstract Background Passionate love involves physiological, emotional, and cognitive features that greatly changes behavior. This phenomenon seems universal or near universal. Even other animal species choose partners. An intense state of passionate love is associated with activity in dopamine pathways of the brain ‘reward system’, and recently has been regarded as a ‘natural addiction’. Instruments or tools to evaluate romantic love during childhood is still scarce. Objective To perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Juvenile Love Scale (JLS) for use in the Brazilian context targeted for adolescents between 14 and 18 years old. Methods The translation and cultural adaptation of JLS followed international recommendations, and its content validity was analyzed by a panel of experts in different areas of knowledge. Results The final version of the JLS for use in the Brazilian context showed high content validity (> 90%). Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first scale for measuring romantic or passionate love in adolescents adapted to the Brazilian context. This instrument is a significant contribution to the study of the dimensions of love, as well as to understand the impact of love on the psychiatric phenomena that pervade life in this stage of development.

Abstract Background There is growing interest in the role of religion in psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity is a psychological trait associated with acting without thinking, with a decision process favoring short-term outcomes without further consideration of its consequences, and is a risk factor for the development of mental disorders. Objective In this study, the objective was to analyze the role of religiosity as a possible moderator between the association of impulsivity and internalizing psychiatric symptoms. Methods The hypothesis was assessed in a cross-sectional study enrolling 366 adults evaluated using the abbreviated version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20, and the Duke Religion Index. Results Internalizing symptoms were significantly influenced by an interaction between religiosity and impulsivity. Religiosity acted as a protective factor against internalizing symptoms only for participants with high impulsivity. Discussion The results suggest a moderation role of religiosity in the association of impulsivity with internalizing symptoms.