ABSTRACT Background: Nutritional screening is defined by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) as a process to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in cirrhotic patients, and it results in important prognostic implications. Most of the commonly used instruments fail in considering the particularities of cirrhotic patients. The Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is a nutritional screening tool developed and validated to identify malnutrition risk in patients with liver disease. Objective The study’s aim was to conduct the transcultural adaptation (translation and adaptation) of RFH-NPT tool to Portuguese (Brazil). Methods: The process of cultural translation and adaptation followed the Beaton et al. methodology. The process involved the steps of initial translation, synthesis translation, back translation pretest of the final version with 40 nutritionists and a specialists committee. The internal consistency was calculated with the Cronbach coefficient and the content validation was verified with the content validation index. Results: Forty clinical nutritionists with experience in treatment of adult patients participated in the step of cross-cultural adaptation. The alpha Cronbach coefficient was 0.84, which means high reliability. In the specialists analyzes all the tool’s questions achieved a validation content index higher than 0.8, showing high agreement. Conclusion: The NFH-NPT tool was translated and adapted to Portuguese (Brazil) and showed high reliability.

RESUMO Contexto: A triagem nutricional é definida pela Sociedade Americana de Nutrição Parenteral e Enteral (ASPEN) como um processo para identificar indivíduos em risco de desnutrição. A desnutrição é uma condição prevalente em pacientes cirróticos e resulta em importantes implicações prognósticas. A maioria dos instrumentos comumente utilizados falha em considerar as particularidades dos pacientes com cirrose. A Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH NPT) é uma ferramenta de triagem nutricional desenvolvida e validada para identificar o risco de desnutrição em pacientes com doença hepática. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural (tradução e adaptação cultural) da ferramenta RFH-NPT para o português (Brasil). Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural seguiu a metodologia de Beaton et al. O processo envolveu as etapas de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, pré-teste da versão final em uma amostra de 40 nutricionistas e comitê de especialistas. A consistência interna foi calculada pelo coeficiente de Cronbach e a validação de conteúdo foi verificada por meio do índice de validação de conteúdo. Resultados: Quarenta nutricionistas clínicos com experiência no tratamento de pacientes adultos participaram da etapa de adaptação cultural. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,84, que expressa alta confiabilidade. Na análise dos especialistas, todas as questões da ferramenta obtiveram índice de validação de conteúdo superior a 0,8, apresentando alta concordância. Conclusão: A ferramenta RFH-NPT foi traduzida e adaptada para a língua portuguesa do Brasil apresentando alta confiabilidade.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the dual interference between cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methods: Forty-three individuals admitted for CIEDs implantation were submitted to a tetrapolar BIA with an alternating current at 800 microA and 50 kHz frequency before and after the devices’ implantation. During BIA assessment, continuous telemetry was maintained between the device programmer and the CIEDs in order to look for evidence of possible electric interference in the intracavitary signal of the device. Results: BIA in patients with CIEDs was safe and not associated with any device malfunction or electrical interference in the intracardiac electrogram of any electrode. After the implantation of the devices, there were significant reductions in BIA measurements of resistance, reactance, and measurements adjusted for height resistance and reactance, reflecting an increase (+ 1 kg; P<0.05) in results of total body water and extracellular water in liter and, consequently, increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and extracellular mass in kg. Because of changes in the hydration status and FFM values, without changes in weight, fat mass was significantly lower (-1.2 kg; P<0.05). Conclusion: BIA assessment in patients with CIEDs was safe and not associated with any device malfunction. The differences in BIA parameters might have occurred because of modifications on the patients’ body composition, associated to their hydration status, and not to the CIEDs.

Abstract Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant prescribed to prevent and treat thromboembolic disorders. It has a narrow therapeutic window and must have its effect controlled. Prothrombin test, expressed in INR value, is used for dose management. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) is an important outcome of quality control of anticoagulation therapy and is influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to identify genetic, demographic, and clinical factors that can potentially influence TTR. In total,422 patients using warfarin were investigated. Glibenclamide co-medication and presence of CYP2C9*2 and/or *3 alleles were associated with higher TTR, while amiodarone, acetaminophen and verapamil co-medication were associated with lower TTR. Our data suggest that TTR is influenced by co-medication and genetic factors. Thus, individuals in use of glibenclamide may need a more careful monitoring and genetic testing (CYP2C9*2 and/or *3 alleles) may improve the anticoagulation management. In addition, in order to reach and maintain the INR in the target for a longer period, it is better to discuss dose adjustment in office instead of by telephone assessment. Other studies are needed to confirm these results and to find more variables that could contribute to this important parameter.

Abstract Background: malnutrition is a common problem in hospitalized patients, being associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Multiple factors contribute to a deficient nutritional status, making malnutrition the cause or consequence of severe diseases. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimally invasive procedure indicated for long-term administration of enteral nutrition in patients with limited ability for oral intake who have an intact, functional gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of patients undergoing PEG in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: single-center retrospective study of all patients who underwent PEG from January 1st to December 31st, 2016, in a private tertiary hospital located in southern Brazil. Data were collected retrospectively from the patients' medical records, including nutritional status, indications, complications and outcomes. Results: one hundred and thirty-three patients underwent PEG at our institution and were eligible for inclusion in the study. Median patient age was 82 years, and 57.9% were females. The main indication for PEG was dementia syndrome, followed by stroke. As much as 68.4% were diagnosed as severely malnourished and 23.0% had procedure-related complications. Conclusions: PEG tubes are being increasingly used for enteral nutrition in patients with dysphagia or inability to maintain adequate nutritional intake. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of regular nutritional risk screening by a multidisciplinary team, paying special attention to the patient's nutritional status and conditions that may place the patient at risk of developing dysphagia, with the implementation of measures to minimize malnutrition in hospitalized patients.

Resumen Introducción: la desnutrición es común en pacientes hospitalizados y se está convirtiendo en causa o consecuencia de enfermedades graves, asociándose a morbilidad, mortalidad y costos aumentados. Múltiples factores contribuyen a un estado nutricional deficiente. La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (PEG) es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo para la administración de nutrición enteral en pacientes con capacidad limitada de ingesta oral que tengan el tracto gastrointestinal intacto y funcional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil de pacientes sometidos a PEG en un hospital terciario del sur de Brasil. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico de todos los pacientes sometidos a PEG del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2016 en un hospital terciario privado del sur de Brasil. Se recolectaron los datos retrospectivamente en los registros médicos, incluyendo estado nutricional, indicaciones, complicaciones y evolución. Resultados: ciento treinta y tres pacientes se sometieron a PEG en nuestra institución y fueron elegibles para el estudio. La edad mediana fue de 82 años y el 57,9% eran mujeres. Las principales indicaciones para PEG fueron demencia y accidente cerebrovascular. El 68,4% fueron diagnosticados con desnutrición grave y el 23,0% presentaron complicaciones relacionadas al procedimiento. Conclusiones: se utilizan cada vez más tubos de PEG para nutrición enteral en pacientes disfágicos o incapaces de mantener una ingesta nutricional adecuada. Nuestros hallazgos señalan la importancia del cribado para riesgo nutricional por un equipo multidisciplinario, con atención especial al estado nutricional del paciente y a condiciones que pueden ponerlo en riesgo para disfagia y la implementación de medidas para minimizar la desnutrición.

ABSTRACT Our aim was to develop a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate vitamin K intake in patients receiving warfarin. We conducted a cross-sectional study. The FFQ was designed based on a literature review, and included foods containing ≥ 5 µg/100 g consumed by the study group. The correlation between the intake of vitamin K estimated by the questionnaire and habitual intake measured by two 24-hour dietary recalls was assessed, as well as correlations between FFQ, International Normalized Ratio (INR) and serum vitamin K levels. The mean intake of vitamin K, estimated by the FFQ, was 112.6± 82.7 µg/day, and the habitual dietary intake estimated by 24-hour dietary recalls was 85.1±75.5 µg/ day, with a significant correlation between both methods (r= 0.756; p< 0.001). There was no correlation between FFQ and INR (r= 0.054; p= 0.716), or between FFQ and serum vitamin K (r= -0.005; p= 0.982). The strong correlation between vitamin K intake measured by FFQ and habitual dietary intake measured by 24-hour dietary recalls suggests that the FFQ can be used to estimate vitamin K intake.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo (CFC) para estimar la ingesta de vitamina K en pacientes que reciben warfarina. La investigación correspondió a un estudio transversal. El CFC se basó en una revisión de la literatura e incluyó alimentos que contenían ≥ de 5 µg/100 g. Se evaluó la correlación entre la ingesta de vitamina K estimada por el CFC y la ingesta habitual medida por dos recordatorios del consumo de las últimas 24 horas (R24). También se evaluó las correlaciones entre CFC, relación normalizada internacional (RNI) y los niveles séricos de vitamina K. La ingesta media de vitamina K, estimada por el CFC, fue de 112.6±82.7 µg/día, y la ingesta dietética habitual estimada por los R24 fue de 85.1±75.5 µg/día, con una correlación significativa entre ambos métodos (r= 0.756; p< 0.001). No hubo correlación entre CFC e RNI (r= 0.054; p= 0.716), o entre CFC y vitamina K sérica (r=-0.005; p= 0.982). La fuerte correlación entre la ingesta de vitamina K medida por CFC y los dos R24 sugiere que el CFC puede usarse para estimar el consumo de vitamina K.

Resumo Fundamento: Apesar da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) apresentar elevada morbimortalidade, são escassos os estudos na América Latina sobre causas e preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Desconhece-se, também, a evolução de pacientes com IC compensada hospitalizados por outros motivos. Objetivo: Identificar causas e preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar em pacientes que internam por IC aguda descompensada (ICAD), comparativamente aqueles que possuem IC e internam por outras condições (ICND). Métodos: Coorte histórica de pacientes internados em um hospital público terciário no Brasil com diagnóstico de IC identificados pelo escore de comorbidade de Charlson (ECCharlson). Resultados: Foram avaliados 2056 pacientes que internaram entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2010 (51% homens; idade mediana de 71 anos; tempo de permanência de 15 dias). Ocorreram 17,6% de óbitos durante a internação, dos quais 58,4% por causa não cardiovascular (63,6% ICND versus 47,4% ICAD, p = 0,004). As causas infecciosas foram responsáveis pela maior parte dos óbitos e apenas 21.6% das mortes foram atribuídas à IC. Os preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foram semelhantes entre os grupos e incluíram: idade, tempo de permanência, potássio elevado, comorbidades clínicas e ECCharlson. A insuficiência renal foi o preditor de maior relevância em ambos grupos. Conclusão: Pacientes internados com IC apresentam elevada mortalidade intra-hospitalar, independentemente do motivo primário de internação. Poucos óbitos são diretamente atribuídos à IC; Idade, alteração na função renal e níveis séricos de potássio, tempo de permanência, comorbidades e ECCharlson foram preditores independentes de morte intra-hospitalar em hospital terciário brasileiro. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background: Although heart failure (HF) has high morbidity and mortality, studies in Latin America on causes and predictors of in-hospital mortality are scarce. We also do not know the evolution of patients with compensated HF hospitalized for other reasons. Objective: To identify causes and predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF (ADHF), compared to those with HF and admitted to the hospital for non-HF related causes (NDHF). Methods: Historical cohort of patients hospitalized in a public tertiary hospital in Brazil with a diagnosis of HF identified by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results: A total of 2056 patients hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2010 (51% men, median age of 71 years, length of stay of 15 days) were evaluated. There were 17.6% of deaths during hospitalization, of which 58.4% were non-cardiovascular (63.6% NDHF vs 47.4% ADHF, p = 0.004). Infectious causes were responsible for most of the deaths and only 21.6% of the deaths were attributed to HF. The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were similar between the groups and included: age, length of stay, elevated potassium, clinical comorbidities, and CCI. Renal insufficiency was the most relevant predictor in both groups. Conclusion: Patients hospitalized with HF have high in-hospital mortality, regardless of the primary reason for hospitalization. Few deaths are directly attributed to HF; Age, renal function and levels of serum potassium, length of stay, comorbid burden and CCI were independent predictors of in-hospital death in a Brazilian tertiary hospital.

Há poucos estudos sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em escolas indígenas no país. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever características de funcionamento, gestão e cardápios do PNAE de todas as 35 escolas Kaingáng do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em estudo transversal, as informações do PNAE foram recolhidas por meio de questionários aplicados a cada Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE) e às escolas. Foram obtidos os cardápios sugeridos pelas CREs às escolas. Não existia o Núcleo de Educação Indígena nas CREs. Todos os vice-diretores eram indígenas, 26 escolas (74,6%) tinham gestão escolarizada e 34 escolas (97,1%) compravam alimentos de mercados próximos. A maioria das merendeiras (62,9%) tinha contrato de trabalho temporário e 65,7% eram indígenas. Observou-se baixa oferta de verduras/legumes e de leite e derivados em cerca de 60% dos cardápios, o mesmo ocorrendo com leguminosas e frutas em cerca de 80% destes. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o PNAE indígena e pretende-se subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde, alimentação e nutrição para o espaço escolar indígena nacional.

Few studies have focused on the National School Nutrition Program (PNAE) in indigenous schools in Brazil. The current study describes the program’s operations, management, and menus in 35 Kaingáng indigenous schools in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain information on the program through questionnaires submitted to the Regional Educational Offices (CRE) and to the schools. The menus suggested to the schools by the regional offices were obtained. There were no Centers for Indigenous Education in the regional offices. All the assistant principals were indigenous, 26 schools (74.6%) practiced local management of the meal program, and 34 (97.1%) reported purchasing food from local markets. Most cooks (63.9%) had temporary work contracts with the schools and 65.7% were indigenous. Low offerings of veges, milk and dairy products were observed in around 60% of the menus, and legumes and fruits low in around 80%. It points out the need for more studies about the indigenous PNAE and intends to support public policies in health, food and nutrition for the national indigenous school .

Hay pocos estudios sobre el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) en las escuelas indígenas del país. El objetivo es describir características de la gestión, la operatividad y los menús del PNAE de 35 escuelas Kaingáng de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal, donde las informaciones del PNAE se obtuvieron por medio de cuestionarios aplicados a las Coordinaciones Regionales de Educación (CRE) y a las escuelas. Fueron obtenidos los menús sugeridos por las CRE a las escuelas. No existía el Centro para la Educación Indígena en las CRE. Todos los sub-directores eran indígenas, 26 (74,7%) escuelas tenían gestión escolarizada y 34 escuelas hacían la compra de alimentos en mercados próximos. La mayoría de los cocineros (62,9%) tenía un contrato de trabajo temporal y un 65,7% eran indígenas. Se observó una baja oferta de verduras y leche y derivados en alrededor de 60% de los menús y de leguminosas y frutas en alrededor de un 80%. Se indica la necesidad de más estudios sobre el PNAE indígena y se pretende subvencionar políticas públicas de salud, alimentación y nutrición para el espacio escolar indígena nacional.

Há poucos estudos sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em escolas indígenas no país. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever características de funcionamento, gestão e cardápios do PNAE de todas as 35 escolas Kaingáng do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em estudo transversal, as informações do PNAE foram recolhidas por meio de questionários aplicados a cada Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE) e às escolas. Foram obtidos os cardápios sugeridos pelas CREs às escolas. Não existia o Núcleo de Educação Indígena nas CREs. Todos os vice-diretores eram indígenas, 26 escolas (74,6%) tinham gestão escolarizada e 34 escolas (97,1%) compravam alimentos de mercados próximos. A maioria das merendeiras (62,9%) tinha contrato de trabalho temporário e 65,7% eram indígenas. Observou-se baixa oferta de verduras/legumes e de leite e derivados em cerca de 60% dos cardápios, o mesmo ocorrendo com leguminosas e frutas em cerca de 80% destes. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o PNAE indígena e pretende-se subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde, alimentação e nutrição para o espaço escolar indígena nacional.

Few studies have focused on the National School Nutrition Program (PNAE) in indigenous schools in Brazil. The current study describes the program’s operations, management, and menus in 35 Kaingáng indigenous schools in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain information on the program through questionnaires submitted to the Regional Educational Offices (CRE) and to the schools. The menus suggested to the schools by the regional offices were obtained. There were no Centers for Indigenous Education in the regional offices. All the assistant principals were indigenous, 26 schools (74.6%) practiced local management of the meal program, and 34 (97.1%) reported purchasing food from local markets. Most cooks (63.9%) had temporary work contracts with the schools and 65.7% were indigenous. Low offerings of veges, milk and dairy products were observed in around 60% of the menus, and legumes and fruits low in around 80%. It points out the need for more studies about the indigenous PNAE and intends to support public policies in health, food and nutrition for the national indigenous school .

Hay pocos estudios sobre el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) en las escuelas indígenas del país. El objetivo es describir características de la gestión, la operatividad y los menús del PNAE de 35 escuelas Kaingáng de Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal, donde las informaciones del PNAE se obtuvieron por medio de cuestionarios aplicados a las Coordinaciones Regionales de Educación (CRE) y a las escuelas. Fueron obtenidos los menús sugeridos por las CRE a las escuelas. No existía el Centro para la Educación Indígena en las CRE. Todos los sub-directores eran indígenas, 26 (74,7%) escuelas tenían gestión escolarizada y 34 escuelas hacían la compra de alimentos en mercados próximos. La mayoría de los cocineros (62,9%) tenía un contrato de trabajo temporal y un 65,7% eran indígenas. Se observó una baja oferta de verduras y leche y derivados en alrededor de 60% de los menús y de leguminosas y frutas en alrededor de un 80%. Se indica la necesidad de más estudios sobre el PNAE indígena y se pretende subvencionar políticas públicas de salud, alimentación y nutrición para el espacio escolar indígena nacional.

FUNDAMENTO: A maioria dos estudos relatando o paradoxo da obesidade utiliza índice de massa corporal (IMC) para classificar obesidade. Dados avaliando o valor prognóstico de outras medidas indiretas de composição corporal são pouco explorados na insuficiência cardíaca (IC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre IMC e outras medidas de composição corporal indiretas com risco de morte por todas as causas na IC. MÉTODOS: Parâmetros antropométricos de composição corporal foram avaliados em 344 pacientes ambulatoriais com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 50%, de uma coorte prospectiva seguida durante 30 ± 8,2 meses. A sobrevida foi avaliada por curvas de Kaplan-Meier e análise de regressão de risco proporcional de Cox. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes eram predominantemente do sexo masculino, de etiologia não-isquêmica e com disfunção sistólica do VE moderada a grave (FEVE média de 32 ± 9%). Prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) foi o único parâmetro antropométrico associado com prognóstico, com valores significativamente menores nos pacientes que morreram (p = 0,047). Uma PCT > 20 mm estava presente em 9% dos pacientes que morreram e em 22% dos vivos (p = 0,027). Na análise univariada, creatinina sérica, FEVE e classe funcional foram associadas ao risco de morte. Na regressão de Cox, PCT > 20 mm foi o preditor independente mais forte de mortalidade por qualquer causa (hazard ratio: 0,36; IC 95%: 0,13-0,97; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Embora IMC seja o parâmetro antropométrico mais utilizado na prática clínica, nossos resultados sugerem que PCT pode ser um melhor preditor de mortalidade em pacientes ambulatoriais com IC.

BACKGROUND: Most reports regarding the obesity paradox have focused on body mass index (BMI) to classify obesity and the prognostic values of other indirect measurements of body composition remain poorly examined in heart failure (HF). Objective: To evaluate the association between BMI and other indirect, but easily accessible, body composition measurements associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in HF. METHODS: Anthropometric parameters of body composition were assessed in 344 outpatients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <50% from a prospective HF cohort that was followed-up for 30 ± 8.2 months. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: HF patients were predominantly male, of non-ischemic etiology, and had moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction (mean LVEF = 32 ± 9%). Triceps skinfold (TSF) was the only anthropometric index that was associated with HF prognosis and had significantly lower values in patients who died (p = 0.047). A TSF > 20 mm was present in 9% of patients that died and 22% of those who survived (p = 0.027). Univariate analysis showed that serum creatinine level, LVEF, and NYHA class were associated with the risk of death, while Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that TSF > 20 was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval = 0.13-0.97, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Although BMI is the most widely used anthropometric parameter in clinical practice, our results suggested that TSF is a better predictive marker of mortality in HF outpatients.

Caracterizar o estado nutricional de 3.254 Kaingáng de escolas indígenas de 12 terras indígenas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Transversal de base escolar. Obtidas medidas de peso (P), estatura (E) e circunferência da cintura (CC) conforme Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (1995). Classificação do estado nutricional: crianças: índices E/I, P/I e P/E, de acordo com o National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) e E/I, P/I e índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I) de acordo com OMS (2006); adolescentes: IMC/I (OMS, 1995 e 2006) e E/I (OMS, 2006); adultos: IMC (OMS, 1995) e CC (OMS, 2003). Adolescentes representaram 56% dos avaliados, crianças 42,5%, adultos 1,4% e idosos 0,1%. Deficit estatural de 15,1% (OMS, 1995) e 15,5% (OMS, 2006) entre as crianças e de 19,9% entre adolescentes. Freqüências de excesso de peso foram: crianças: 11% (OMS, 1995) e 5,7% (OMS, 2006); adolescentes: 6,7%; adultos: 79,2%. Entre adultos, 45,3% estavam em risco aumentado para doenças metabólicas. Observada a transição nutricional no segmento, caracterizada por prevalências importantes de baixa estatura na infância e adolescência e sobrepeso proeminente em todas as faixas etárias.

The study's objective was to characterize the nutritional status of 3,254 Kaingáng Indians in indigenous schools in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a school-based study. Weight (W), height (H), and waist circumference (WC) were measured according to World Health Organization guidelines (1995). Children's nutritional status classification included H/A, W/A, and W/H according to the National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) and H/A, W/A, and body mass index/age (BMI/A) according to WHO (2006). Adolescents were classified for BMI/A (WHO, 1995 and 2006) and H/A (WHO, 2006). Adults were classified for BMI (WHO, 1995) and WC (WHO, 2003). Adolescents represented 56% of the sample, children 42.5%, adults 1.4%, and elderly 0.1%. Prevalence rates for stunting were 15.1% (WHO, 1983) and 15.5% (WHO, 2006) in children and 19.9% in adolescents. Prevalence rates for overweight were 11% (WHO, 1983) and 5.7% (WHO, 2006) in children, 6.7% in adolescents, and 79.2% in adults. 45.3% of adults were at increased risk of metabolic diseases. A nutritional transition was observed in the group, characterized by significant prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents and prominent overweight in all age groups.

Caracterizar o estado nutricional de 3.254 Kaingáng de escolas indígenas de 12 terras indígenas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Transversal de base escolar. Obtidas medidas de peso (P), estatura (E) e circunferência da cintura (CC) conforme Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (1995). Classificação do estado nutricional: crianças: índices E/I, P/I e P/E, de acordo com o National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) e E/I, P/I e índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I) de acordo com OMS (2006); adolescentes: IMC/I (OMS, 1995 e 2006) e E/I (OMS, 2006); adultos: IMC (OMS, 1995) e CC (OMS, 2003). Adolescentes representaram 56% dos avaliados, crianças 42,5%, adultos 1,4% e idosos 0,1%. Deficit estatural de 15,1% (OMS, 1995) e 15,5% (OMS, 2006) entre as crianças e de 19,9% entre adolescentes. Freqüências de excesso de peso foram: crianças: 11% (OMS, 1995) e 5,7% (OMS, 2006); adolescentes: 6,7%; adultos: 79,2%. Entre adultos, 45,3% estavam em risco aumentado para doenças metabólicas. Observada a transição nutricional no segmento, caracterizada por prevalências importantes de baixa estatura na infância e adolescência e sobrepeso proeminente em todas as faixas etárias.

The study's objective was to characterize the nutritional status of 3,254 Kaingáng Indians in indigenous schools in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a school-based study. Weight (W), height (H), and waist circumference (WC) were measured according to World Health Organization guidelines (1995). Children's nutritional status classification included H/A, W/A, and W/H according to the National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) and H/A, W/A, and body mass index/age (BMI/A) according to WHO (2006). Adolescents were classified for BMI/A (WHO, 1995 and 2006) and H/A (WHO, 2006). Adults were classified for BMI (WHO, 1995) and WC (WHO, 2003). Adolescents represented 56% of the sample, children 42.5%, adults 1.4%, and elderly 0.1%. Prevalence rates for stunting were 15.1% (WHO, 1983) and 15.5% (WHO, 2006) in children and 19.9% in adolescents. Prevalence rates for overweight were 11% (WHO, 1983) and 5.7% (WHO, 2006) in children, 6.7% in adolescents, and 79.2% in adults. 45.3% of adults were at increased risk of metabolic diseases. A nutritional transition was observed in the group, characterized by significant prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents and prominent overweight in all age groups.