Background: Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Despite often having a slow evolution, it still represents an important cause of death in oncology. Since its clinical results are very heterogeneous, there is a need to identify prognostic markers. Biomarkers are tools and technologies that can aid in this understanding. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of c-MET and ABCB5 in prostate adenocarcinoma and to analyze whether their expression correlates with prognostic factors. Method: 170 cases were selected through an active search in electronic medical records and review of physical records and anatomopathological reports. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the biomarkers c-MET and ABCB5 in all samples. Retrospective clinical data were collected and plotted in tables. Through TMA (tissue microarray) the tissues were submitted to immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase technique. Clinical and epidemiological information was cross-referenced with the result obtained by immunostaining and its statistical analysis. Results: Forty-seven men with a mean age of 61.6±6.9 (48-75), with a mean PSA of 11±9.7 (2.4-60.5) were included in this study. 2% had a Gleason score of 5 or 6 and 29, 1%, 7 or 8. Regarding tumor classification, 6 cases had T3a and 2 T3b staging. None had a tumor greater than T3b and there was 1 case of metastasis. With regard to biomarkers, there was positive labeling of c-MET in 32 cases and of ABCB5 in 5. Positive labeling had no statistically significant association with any of the prognostic factors evaluated. Conclusion: There was expression of c-MET and ABCB5 in the prostate cancer, but without association of them with prognostic factors.

Racional: O adenocarcinoma de próstata é uma das mais prevalentes neoplasias malignas em todo o mundo. Apesar de frequentemente ter evolução lenta, ainda representa importante causa de morte em oncologia. Uma vez que seus resultados clínicos são muito heterogêneos há necessidade de se identificar marcadores de prognóstico. Biomarcadores são ferramentas e tecnologias que podem auxiliar nessa compreensão. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença do c-MET e ABCB5 no adenocarcinoma da próstata e analisar se a expressão deles apresenta correlação com fatores de prognóstico. Método: Foram selecionados 170 casos através de busca ativa em prontuário eletrônico e revisão dos prontuários físicos e de laudos 2 anatomopatológicos. Foi realizada imunoistoquímica para os biomarcadores c-MET e ABCB5 em todas as amostras. Dados clínicos retrospectivos foram coletados e plotados em tabelas. Através de TMA (tissue microarray) os tecidos foram submetidos à imunoistoquímica pela técnica de peroxidase. As informações clinicoepidemiológicas foram cruzadas com o resultado obtido pela imunomarcação e sua análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo 47 homens com média de idade de 61,6±6,9 (48-75), com PSA médio de 11±9,7 (2,4-60,5), Dos incluídos, 70,2% tiveram escore de Gleason 5 ou 6 e 29, 1%, 7 ou 8. Em relação à classificação dos tumores, 6 casos tinham estadiamento T3a e 2 T3b. Nenhum apresentou tumor superior a T3b e houve 1 caso de metástase. Com relação aos biomarcadores, houve marcação positiva de c-MET em 32 casos e de ABCB5 em 5. A marcação positiva não teve associação estatisticamente significativa com nenhum dos fatores prognósticos avaliados. Conclusão: Houve expressão do c-MET e ABCB5 nos casos de câncer de próstata, mas sem associação deles com fatores prognóticos

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a knee osteoarthritis model through functional, radiological and microscopic changes of the synovial membrane. METHODS: Forty eight rats were divided randomly into two groups. The first received 0.9% saline in the joint and corresponded to the control group. The second was submitted to experimental osteoarthritis of the right knee induced by monosodium iodoacetate and corresponded to the osteoarthritis group. All animals were subjected to comparative tests of forced ambulation and joint movements, inability to articulate and tactile allodynia on day 1 post-experiment by forced ambulation (Roto-rod test), joint assessment of disability (weight bearing test) and assessment of tactile allodynia (Von Frey test). After inflammatory induction they were divided into four sub-groups corresponding to the scheduled death in 7, 14, 21 and 28 days when they were submitted to radiographic examination of the knee, arthrotomy and collection of the synovial membrane. RESULTS: The osteoarthritis group showed significant differences compared to control group on days 7 and 14 in Roto-rod, in weight bearing and Von Frey tests in all days, and in radiological evaluation. Microscopic examination of the synovial membrane showed abnormalities of inflammatory character at all stages. CONCLUSION: The osteoarthritis induced by intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate in rats knee is a good model to be used in related research, because it provides mensurable changes on joint movements, tactile allodynia, progressive radiological degeneration and microscopic inflammation of the synovial membrane, that represent markers for osteoarthritis evaluation

RESUMO Racional: A obesidade é doença crônica e tem se tornado o problema de saúde pública mais prevalente em todo mundo. O impacto dela no joelho é grande e o IMC está correlacionado com as diferentes alterações existentes. Objetivo: Comparar a visualização do campo videoartroscópico na meniscectomia parcial de joelho em pacientes obesos e não obesos. Método: Foram selecionados 60 pacientes, sendo 30 obesos e 30 não obesos que realizaram meniscectomia parcial videoartroscópica. Os procedimentos videoartroscópicos foram gravados e posteriormente analisados. Foi utilizada na análise a classificação de visibilidade do campo videoartroscópico de Johnson (2000). Resultados: Foram analisados 48 homens e 12 mulheres com idade média de 42,9 anos e IMC de 21,56 a 40,14 kg/m2. A distribuição da visibilidade do campo cirúrgico foi: grau 1 - 38/60 (63,3%); grau 2 - 13/60 (21,6%); grau 3 - 6/60 (10%); grau 4 - 3/60 (5%). Conclusão: A artroscopia de joelho não demonstrou diferença significativa quanto à visualização do campo videoartroscópico em pacientes obesos e não obesos. Desta forma, não deve ser indicada como método preferencial de avaliação diagnóstica das alterações articulares nesses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and has become the most prevalent public health problem worldwide. The impact of obesity on knee is strong and the BMI is correlated with the different alterations. Aim: Compare surgical visualization of arthroscopic field in partial meniscectomy in obese and non-obese. Method: Sixty patients were selected, 30 obese and 30 non-obese who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The arthroscopic surgical procedures were recorded and analyzed. For the analysis of visualization was used the Johnson's classification (2000). Results: Were analyzed 48 men and 12 women, the average age was 42.9 years with BMI between 21.56 to 40.14 kg/m2. The distribution of visibility of the surgical field according to the classification was: grade 1 - 38/60 (63.3%); grade 2 - 13/60 (21.6%); grade 3 - 6/60 (10%); grade 4 - 3/60 (5%). Conclusion: Knee arthroscopy did not show a significant difference in the visibility of arthroscopic field in obese and non-obese patients. Thus, it should not be indicated as the preferred method of diagnostic evaluation of joint changes in these patients.

PURPOSE: To fabricate a three-dimensional biomodels of intracranial aneurysms, using rapid prototyping technology, to facilitate optimal anatomical visualization of aneurysms prior to and during surgery. METHODS: Four intracranial aneurysms cases were selected for this study. Using CT angiography images, the rapid prototyping process was completed using a PolyJet technology machine. The size and morphology of the prototypes were compared to brain digital subtraction arteriography of the same patients. RESULTS: The biomodels reproduced the exact location and morphology of the intracranial aneurysms, particularly the necks, in life-size dimensions and exactly the same as measured by digital subtraction arteriography. The arterial segments adjacent to the aneurysm and arteries anatomically known by the surgeon were also shown, which could guide the surgeon to the aneurysmal segment. The models showed an average unit cost of US$ 130 and each one took an average of 20 hours to be fabricated. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to fabricate 3D physical biomodels of intracranial aneurysms from CT angiography images. These prototypes may be useful in the surgical planning for intracranial aneurysms to clarify the anatomy, define surgical techniques and facilitate the choice of suitable materials, such as clips and clip appliers.