RESUMO Introdução: Na competição esportiva do basquete, os atletas precisam realizar repetidamente movimentos de intensidade máxima rapidamente, seguidos de repouso. Há um modo de treinamento chamado de treinamento de intervalo de alta intensidade (HIIT) que possui as mesmas características. Objetivo: Explorar as características de consumo de energia e as mudanças de treinamento dos jogadores de basquetebol sob diferentes intensidades de exercício. Métodos: Foram apresentados os efeitos de diferentes métodos de recuperação em período intermitente sobre a capacidade de exercício e fornecimento de energia metabólica aeróbica de jovens jogadores masculinos de basquetebol durante o treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade (HIIT). Resultados: O aumento da produção de energia aeróbica durante o HIIT foi estreitamente relacionado com a aceleração da cinética. Entretanto, embora o tempo de exaustão, parâmetro que caracteriza a capacidade de exercício, tenha aumentado em 3,5% e 4,6% respectivamente no grupo de HIITa em comparação com HIITs e HIITp, não houve diferença significativa. Depois de analisar cada grupo durante 30s, percebeu-se um aumento gradual da força. Conclusão: O uso do HIIT como treinamento demonstrou-se um meio importante para melhorar o desempenho físico dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In competitive basketball sports, athletes must repeatedly perform movements of maximum intensity quickly, followed by rest. A training mode called high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has the same characteristics. Objective: Explore basketball players’ energy supply characteristics and training changes under different exercise intensities. Methods: The effects of different recovery methods in the intermittent period on exercise capacity and aerobic metabolic energy supply of young male basketball players during high-intensity intermittent interval training (HIIT) were presented. Results: Increased aerobic energy production during HIIT was closely related to the acceleration of kinetics. However, although the time to exhaustion, a parameter characterizing exercise capacity, increased by 3.5% and 4.6%, respectively, in the HIITa group compared to HIITs and HIITp, there was no significant difference. After analyzing each group for the 30s, a gradual increase in strength was noticed. Conclusion: The use of HIIT as training is an important way to improve the physical performance of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: En los deportes de baloncesto de competición, los atletas necesitan realizar repetidamente movimientos de máxima intensidad de forma rápida, seguidos de descanso. Existe una modalidad de entrenamiento llamada entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) que tiene las mismas características. Objetivo: Explorar las características del suministro de energía y los cambios en el entrenamiento de los jugadores de baloncesto bajo diferentes intensidades de ejercicio. Métodos: Se presentaron los efectos de diferentes métodos de recuperación en período intermitente sobre la capacidad de ejercicio y el suministro de energía metabólica aeróbica de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto durante el entrenamiento de intervalos intermitentes de alta intensidad (HIIT). Resultados: El aumento de la producción de energía aeróbica durante el HIIT estaba estrechamente relacionado con la aceleración de la cinética. Sin embargo, aunque el tiempo hasta el agotamiento, un parámetro que caracteriza la capacidad de ejercicio, aumentó un 3,5% y un 4,6% respectivamente en el grupo HIITa en comparación con los HIIT y HIITp, no hubo diferencias significativas. Tras analizar cada grupo durante 30 segundos, se percibió un aumento gradual de la fuerza. Conclusión: El uso del HIIT como entrenamiento ha demostrado ser una forma importante de mejorar el rendimiento físico de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II;Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Resistência é uma qualidade que tem faltado aos atletas chineses. Na maioria dos treinos esportivos de resistência na China, há um problema para atribuir importância ao treino anaeróbico de alta intensidade e ignorar o treinamento aeróbico. A combinação próxima de treinamento aeróbico e força e treinamento técnico é o treinamento de resistência. Uma tendência de desenvolvimento significativa na formação. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre treinamento aeróbico e resistência física em praticantes do basquete. Métodos: Jogadores de basquete foram selecionados e aleatoriamente divididos entre grupos passando pelo método de análise com questionário, método de observação e método experimental para analisar a relação entre exercício aeróbico e resistência física dos jogadores de basquete. Neste artigo, as alterações dos indicadores fisiológicos dos jogadores de basquete foram registradas após exercício aeróbico. Resultados: A resistência física dos jogadores de basquete foi positivamente correlacionada com o tempo de treinamento aeróbico. Os indicadores fisiológicos dos jogadores de basquete e as habilidades de basquete após o treinamento aeróbico foram significativamente melhorados (P<0,05). Conclusão: O exercício aeróbico não só pode melhorar a resistência física dos jogadores de basquete como também sua aptidão física geral, ajudando-os a alcançarem bons resultados nas competições. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endurance is a quality that has been lacking in Chinese athletes. In most endurance sports training in China, there is a problem with attaching importance to high-intensity anaerobic training and ignoring aerobic training. The close combination of aerobic, strength and technical training is endurance training. A significant development trend in training. Objective: This study analyzes the relationship between aerobic training and physical endurance in basketball players. Methods: Basketball players were selected and randomly divided into groups through the analysis method with a questionnaire, observation method, and experimental method to analyze the relationship between aerobic exercise and physical endurance in basketball players. In this paper, the changes in physiological indicators of basketball players were recorded after aerobic exercise. Results: The physical endurance of basketball players were positively correlated with aerobic training time. The physiological indicators of basketball players and basketball skills after aerobic training were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve basketball players’ physical endurance and overall physical fitness, helping them achieve good results in competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La resistencia es una cualidad de la que carecen los atletas chinos. En la mayoría de los entrenamientos de deportes de resistencia en China, existe el problema de dar importancia al entrenamiento anaeróbico de alta intensidad e ignorar el entrenamiento aeróbico. La estrecha combinación del entrenamiento aeróbico y el entrenamiento de fuerza y técnico es el entrenamiento de resistencia. Una tendencia de desarrollo importante en la formación. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre el entrenamiento aeróbico y la resistencia física en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron jugadores de baloncesto y se dividieron aleatoriamente entre grupos pasando por el método de análisis con cuestionario, método de observación y método experimental para analizar la relación entre el ejercicio aeróbico y la resistencia física en jugadores de baloncesto. En este trabajo se registraron los cambios de los indicadores fisiológicos de los jugadores de baloncesto después del ejercicio aeróbico. Resultados: La resistencia física de los jugadores de baloncesto se correlacionó positivamente con el tiempo de entrenamiento aeróbico. Los indicadores fisiológicos de los jugadores de baloncesto y las habilidades de baloncesto después del entrenamiento aeróbico mejoraron significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico no sólo puede mejorar la resistencia física de los jugadores de baloncesto, sino también su estado físico general, ayudándoles a conseguir buenos resultados en las competiciones. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Spices play an important role in the formation of stewed meat flavor, and it is necessary to establish a rapid detection technology for flavor in stewed meat production. The aim of this work was to discover the variation of volatiles from Cinnamomum cassia Presl in different processing processes and to establish a real-time detection method during processing. The relative content of volatile components of Cinnamomum cassia Presl from powder to extract and from extract to beef was compared in different processes. The volatile compounds were analyzed by headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). A total of 20 components were detected in the cinnamon powder. In the marinade processing, the most volatile components was detected in marinade when marinating for 1 hour, such as cinnamic acid(4.39%), cinnamaldehyde (46.57%), anethole(8.05%), α-pinene(7.38%), naphthalene,1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-(0.93%), α-muurolene(8.99%), naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)-(20.31%), naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(3.03%) and α-calacorene(0.35%). In the bittern processing, the flavor components in the bittern when cooking for 15 minutes were the most and 7 components were detected which were cinnnamic acid(3.69%), cinnamaldehyde(70.67%), anethole(4.37%), α-pinene(1.62%), α-muurolene(3.69%), naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)-(14.17%) and naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(1.79%). The relative content of the volatile components in two bittern were slightly different. In two processes, only cinnamaldehyde was detected in the stewed beef, where a small amount of α-pinene was detected when marinating for 1 hour and bitterning for 45 minutes. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as the main indicator for the detection of processing. HS-GC-MS can be used as a real-time detection method in the marinade and bittern processing.

ABSTRACT Soil deterioration, yield decline and soil microbial activity reduction caused by banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) monoculture is threatening the sustainability of banana production in China. Therefore, it is necessary to study the benefits of rotation on soil quality. This study aimed to assess the effects of rotation and tillage on soil properties in a banana plantation for 25 yr. Treatments consisted of three rotation methods (banana-pineapple, BA; banana-cowpea, BP; banana-rice, BR) and banana monoculture (CK) combined with two tillage intensities (no-tillage, NT; conventional tillage, CT). Soil samples were taken at depth of 0-40 cm in 2019-2020. In comparison with CK, BA and BR increased soil moisture, pH, total organic C and available P, but decreased soil bulk density. Microbial biomass C and N at booting stage were 46.1% and 39.2% higher in BA and BR than those in CK. Urease, dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase obtained a mean of 34.1% increase in BP and 23.8% increase in BR compared with BA. Higher total N, NO3-N, available K and macro aggregate were showed in NT compared with CT, whereas porosity was 24.8% lower in NT than in CT. CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were in average around between one third and two fifth lower in no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. In general, rotations combined with no-tillage led to a positive effect on soil quality, as evidenced by increase of soil moisture, total N, microbial biomass C and urease and accompanying increase in banana yield. In order to sustain higher productivity, application of rotation and no-tillage is of considerable importance.

To find the predictors of High Dose Methotrexate toxicities in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. This study included 198 Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients (303 infusions) who were treated with High Dose Methotrexate. Methotrexate levels at different time point were measured by modified enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique assay. The correlation between Methotrexate levels and toxicity was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was lower than 0.76 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting thorough clearance at 66 h was 90.78%. When the Methotrexate level at 42 h was higher than1.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting delayed clearance was 82.17%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was higher than 0.5 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate toxicity was 89.09%. When the Methotrexate level at 66 h was lower than 0.1 µmol/L, the sensitivity for predicting Methotrexate nontoxicity was 92.73%. The Methotrexate level at 42 h could be predictor for delayed clearance. The Methotrexate level at 66 h could be predictor for toxicity.

Abstract Temperate japonica rice plays a very important role in food security. In this study, a set of 191 temperate japonica accessions from 30 countries were planted in two sites in China, and 12 agronomic traits were measured. The results showed a wide range of variation for the traits measured. Most of the accessions are short; three accessions with large panicles and seven accessions with large grains were identified. Sixty-two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for 12 traits that were measured. Among them, twenty-one QTLs were identified in both experiments, and 41 QTLs were identified in only one site. Some known genes are located in the QTL regions identified in our study. SNP markers for grain size were identified and could be efficiently used for breeding selection. This study provided useful information for future gene validation and marker assisted selection for some important agronomic traits of temperate japonica rice.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a tumor suppressor, is critical for the carcinogenesis and progression of different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the roles of lncRNA MEG3 in HCC are not well illustrated. Therefore, this study used western blot and qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of MEG3, miR-9-5p, and Sex determining Region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) in HCC tissues and cell lines. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluate these molecular interactions. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry detected the viability and apoptosis of HCC cells, respectively. The results showed that MEG3 and SOX11 were poorly expressed but miR-9-5p was highly expressed in HCC. The expression levels of these molecules suggested a negative correlation between MEG3 and miR-9-5p and a positive correlation with SOX11, confirmed by Pearson's correlation analysis and biology experiments. Furthermore, MEG3 could combine with miR-9-5p, and SOX11 was a direct target of miR-9-5p. Moreover, MEG3 over-expression promoted cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in HCC cells through sponging miR-9-5p to up-regulate SOX11. Therefore, the interactions among MEG3, miR-9-5p, and SOX11 might offer a novel insight for understanding HCC pathogeny and provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.

The analytical solutions for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the rectangular plate on foundation with four edges free is presented by using the finite cosine integral transform method. In the analysis procedure, the classical Kirchhoff rectangular plate is considered and the foundation is modelled as the Winkler elastic foundation. Because only are the basic dynamic elasticity equations of the thin plate on elastic foundation adopted, it is not need prior to select the deformation function arbitrarily. Therefore, the solution developed by present paper is reasonable and theoretical. In order to illuminate the correction of formulations, the numerical results are also presented to comparing with that of the other references.

Strain P17 was a bacterial strain identified as Bacillus megaterium isolated from ground accumulating phosphate rock powder. The fermentation broth of strain P17 and the yellow-brown soil from Nanjing Agricultural University garden were collected to conduct this study. The simulation of fixed insoluble phosphorous forms after applying calcium superphosphate into yellow-brown soil was performed in pots, while available P and total P of soil were extremely positive correlative with those of groundwater. Then the dissolving effect of strain P17 on insoluble P of yellow-brown soil was studied. Results showed that Bacillus megaterium strain P17 had notable solubilizing effect on insoluble phosphates formed when too much water-soluble phosphorous fertilizer used. During 100 days after inoculation, strain P17 was dominant. Until the 120th day, compared with water addition, available P of strain P17 inoculation treated soil increased by 3 times with calcium superphosphate addition. Besides available P, pH, activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and population of P-solubilizing microbes were detected respectively. P-solubilizing mechanism of P-solubilizing bacteria strain P17 seems to be a synergetic effect of pH decrease, organic acids, phosphatase, etc.

This study explored the reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in L-02 hepatocytes by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) using chi-square analysis. Cells were treated with 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 μM Cr(VI) for 12, 24, or 36 h. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) experiments and measurements of intracellular ATP levels were performed by spectrophotometry or bioluminescence assays following Cr(VI) treatment. The chi-square test was used to determine the difference between cell survival rate and ATP levels. For the chi-square analysis, the results of the MTT or ATP experiments were transformed into a relative ratio with respect to the control (%). The relative ATP levels increased at 12 h, decreased at 24 h, and increased slightly again at 36 h following 4, 8, 16, 32 μM Cr(VI) treatment, corresponding to a "V-shaped" curve. Furthermore, the results of the chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant difference of the ATP level in the 32-μM Cr(VI) group (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the chi-square test can be applied to analyze the interference effects of Cr(VI) on ATP levels in L-02 hepatocytes. The decreased ATP levels at 24 h indicated disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the slight increase of ATP levels at 36 h indicated partial recovery of mitochondrial function or activated glycolysis in L-02 hepatocytes.

Protein degradation in bovine milk affects the quality of dairy products. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) can protect vulnerable elastic tissues from degradation by neutrophil elastase. The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in bovine AAT gene with milk yield and milk composition in Chinese Holstein. Traits analyzed were fat percentage, protein percentage, 305-day milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) methods were used to genotype five loci in coding regions of the sequence, including position 5504, 5609, 5624, 5747 and 8178 in Chinese Holstein. The five mutations were all silent mutation that caused no alteration in the amino acid sequence. In order to determine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the AAT gene and milk production traits and SCS, the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure from the Statistical Analysis Software was used. SNP5504 affected milk fat percentage, SNP8178 affected milk protein percentage and SNP5609 and SNP5624 affected 305-day milk yield. These results suggest that AAT is a candidate gene that influences milk production traits and it could be implemented in breeding programmes to improve the production performance of Chinese Holstein cattle.

Some summability results are established for matrices of quasihomogeneous operators by uniformly vanishing sets.

This paper presents a detailed introduction of the Science and Technology (S & T) reform in China. It then explains major policies and programs which play important roles in supporting the reform. Through an analysis on the impact of the S & T reform on the National Innovation System of China, it concludes that it has been effective in motivating the universities and research institutes, building up the innovative capacities of enterprises, and promoting the universities and research institutes-industry linkages. The paper also points out that there still exist problems of concern over the system in China and the long run effects of the S & T reform need to be further examined.

Presenta la situación de la reforma de la ciencia y la tecnología en China. Explica los programas y políticas que jugaron papeles importantes en su reforma. Con base en un análisis de sus efectos en el sistema nacional de innovación muestra que tal reforma ha sido eficaz para motivar la participación de las universidades y de los institutos de investigación, para acumular las capacidades de las empresas y para promover vínculos de las universidades e institutos con la industria. También advierte que todavía existe preocupación por el sistema de ciencia y tecnología en China; por ello propone examinar más a fondo los efectos a largo plazo de las reformas.

The plant Rhodiola crenulata is a perennial herbaceous species distributed in the plateau region of southwestern China, especially the Hengduan Mountains region. It has been one of the most important traditional herbal remedies in Tibet for more than one thousand years, but the accelerated and uncontrolled collection of this plant since the 1980s has lead to deforestation. We used inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) to assess levels of genetic variation in R. crenulata from nine diverse natural populations in eastern Tibet and northern Yunnan, the first time such a study has been carried out. The 12 primers we used were able to detect 184 polymorphic loc. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that species level genetic diversity was relatively high (p = 97.83%, and Ho = 0.464) and analysis using Shannon’s index showed that the within and between genetic diversity of R. crenulata are approximately equal. Nei’s genetic distance and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis showed that the three populations from Tibet and the six populations from Yunnan form two major clusters. The Yunnan populations from three locations were further divided into three corresponding groups, indicating that genetic differentiation was correlated to geographic distribution. Understanding the genetic structure of R. crenulata provides insight for the conservation and management of this endangered species.