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Abstract Comparsion of the effects of the chilling (4 ºC), superchilling (-2 ºC) and frozen (-18 ºC) storage on microbial spoilage and bacterial community structure of fresh beef was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing technology in this study. The results indicated that storage temperature can significantly affect the degree of microbial spoilage and bacterial community structure of fresh beef during storage. At the species level, the primary dominant bacterial species in beef samples was Pseudomonas fragi with relative abundance of 37.78% followed by Myroides phaeus and Brochothrix thermosphacta with 10.95% and 4.64%, respectively, at the beginning of storage. Both superchilling and frozen storage can effectively inhibit the growth of P. fragi, while the chilling storage failed to demonstrate strong inhibition for growth of P. fragi. Similar result was found for Myroides phaeus. The chilling, superchilling and frozen storage can not effectively inhibit the growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Acinetobacter johnsonii. The difference of microbial spoilage in beef stored in three kinds of storage may be related to the difference of the bacterial community structure and the formation of dominant spoilage bacteria. These results revealed that superchilling and frozen storage can effectively inhibit the formation of dominant spoilage bacteria, resulting in a good freshness preservation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.100522

Endophytic Bacillus subtilis P10 from Prunus cerasifera as a biocontrol agent against tomato Verticillium wilt
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Pei, D.

; Zhang, Q.

; Zhu, X.

; Han, S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244261

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As bactérias endofíticas desempenham papel fundamental na manutenção da saúde e do crescimento das plantas. Poucos estudos até o momento, no entanto, exploraram as propriedades antagônicas e promotoras de crescimento de plantas (PGP) de endófitos de Prunus cerasifera. Para esse fim, isolamos bactérias endofíticas de amostras de tecido de P. cerasifera e usamos um ensaio de placa de cultura dupla para rastrear esses micróbios quanto à atividade antagonista contra Verticillium dahliae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum e F. moniliforme. Das 36 cepas de bactérias isoladas, quatro (cepas P1, P10, P16 e P20) exibiram efeitos antagônicos contra todos os cinco patógenos modelo, e a cepa P10 exibiu o antagonista mais forte para cinco patógenos. Essa cepa P10 foi então caracterizada em profundidade por meio de avaliações fenotípicas, análises fisiológicas e sequenciamento de rDNA 16s, revelando ser uma cepa de Bacillus subtilis. A aplicação de uma suspensão de células P10 (1 × 108 UFC / mL) aumentou significativamente a germinação das sementes e o crescimento das mudas de tomate em casa de vegetação. Essa cepa P10 suprimiu ainda mais a murcha de Verticillium do tomate com incidência de doença muito menor e pontuações de índice de doença sendo observadas após o tratamento com P10 em relação a plantas não tratadas em experimentos baseados em vasos. As plantas de tomate que foram tratadas com a cepa P10 também aumentaram as enzimas relacionadas à defesa, peroxidase, superóxido dismutase e atividade da catalase após o desafio de V. dahliae em relação às plantas que não foram tratadas com essa bactéria endofítica. Os resultados revelaram que a cepa bacteriana P10 tem valor potencial como agente de biocontrole para uso na prevenção da murcha de Verticillium em tomate.

Abstract Endophytic bacteria serve key roles in the maintenance of plant health and growth. Few studies to date, however, have explored the antagonistic and plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties of Prunus cerasifera endophytes. To that end, we isolated endophytic bacteria from P. cerasifera tissue samples and used a dual culture plate assay to screen these microbes for antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. moniliforme. Of the 36 strains of isolated bacteria, four (strains P1, P10, P16, and P20) exhibited antagonistic effects against all five model pathogens, and the P10 strain exhibited the strongest antagonistic to five pathogens. This P10 strain was then characterized in-depth via phenotypic assessments, physiological analyses, and 16s rDNA sequencing, revealing it to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. Application of a P10 cell suspension (1×108 CFU/mL) significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling growth of tomato in a greenhouse setting. This P10 strain further significantly suppressed tomato Verticillium wilt with much lower disease incidence and disease index scores being observed following P10 treatment relative to untreated plants in pot-based experiments. Tomato plants that had been treated with strain P10 also enhanced defense-related enzymes, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity upon V. dahliae challenge relative to plants that had not been treated with this endophytic bacterium. The results revealed that the P10 bacterial strain has potential value as a biocontrol agent for use in the prevention of tomato Verticillium wilt.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244261 438 downloads

Comparison of physicochemical properties of three types of bamboo shoot powders
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ZHANG, Wanjia

; WANG, Suya

; LAN, Man

Food Science and Technology

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e119522

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Powders were prepared from fresh Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots (P. pubescens), Dendrocalamopsis oldhami bamboo shoots (D.oldhami) and Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots (D.latiflorus), and their physical, chemical, adsorption and powder properties were determined. All three of these powders were high in dietary fiber and protein, with P. pubescens powder containing the highest concentration of dietary fiber (50.34 ± 0.65 g∙100 g-1). The water holding, oil holding, and swelling capacities of this powder were all higher than those of the other two kinds of powders. The P. pubescens powder also showed the highest capacity to adsorb glucose, cholesterol and nitrite. In addition, the measured repose and slip angles of this powder were lower than those of the other two powders, indicative of it having good fluidity. And the bulk density and tap density of this powder were significantly higher than those of the others as well, indicative of its superior filling property.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.119522

Polysemy and semantic relations in Italian spatial prepositions
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Ursini, Francesco-Alessio

; Long, Haiping

; Zhang, Sara (Yue)

Revista signos

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mar 2022, Volume 55 N. 108 Pages 173 - 198

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The objective of this paper is to offer an account of the polysemy patterns in Italian spatial prepositions. It is shown that prepositions can be partitioned into three morphological types displaying decreasing polysemy: simple prepositions (e.g. a); complex prepositions (e.g. dietro a); locutional prepositions (e.g. nei pressi di). It is then shown that polysemous and monosemous prepositions can stand in semantic relations, e.g. hyponymy (e.g. sopra a and in cima a). Evidence is offered via a triangulation of corpus data and on-line elicitation tasks with participants, and via the joint use of the definition and coordination tests for polysemy. The theoretical analysis offers an account of the morphological and syntactic structures underpinning each preposition type. Their polysemy and semantic relations are then modelled via the ‘semantic maps’ method. The main conclusions are as follows: complex and locutional prepositions can denote specific if not unique ‘places’ with respect to the ground; simple prepositions can denote sets of places possibly shared with locutional prepositions. The paper thus offers a novel systematic account of polysemy in Italian prepositions, and offers evidence that semantic relations (hyponymy, overlap, monosemy) can emerge from these forms of polysemy.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis de los patrones de polisemia en las preposiciones espaciales italianas. Se demuestra que estas pueden dividirse en tres tipos morfológicos mostrando una polisemia decreciente: preposiciones simples (p. ej., a); preposiciones complejas (p. ej., dietro a); locuciones preposicionales (p. ej., nei pressi di). Luego se muestra que las preposiciones polisémicas y monosémicas pueden estar en relaciones semánticas, p. ej., hiponimia (p. ej., sopra a y in cima a). Se brinda evidencia a través de la triangulación de un corpus de datos y tareas en línea con participantes, y mediante el uso conjunto de las pruebas de definición y coordinación para la polisemia. El análisis teórico ofrece una revisión de las estructuras morfológicas y sintácticas que sustentan cada tipo de preposición. Además, sus relaciones polisémicas y semánticas son modeladas a través del método de ‘mapas semánticos’. Las principales conclusiones son las siguientes: las preposiciones complejas y las locuciones preposicionales pueden denotar ‘lugares’ específicos, si no únicos, con respecto al suelo; las preposiciones simples pueden denotar conjuntos de lugares posiblemente compartidos con locuciones preposicionales. El artículo ofrece así un novedoso análisis sistemático de la polisemia en las preposiciones italianas, y ofrece evidencia de que relaciones semánticas (hiponimia, superposición, monosemia) pueden surgir a partir de estas.

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Expression pattern of CRYAB and CTGF genes in two pig breeds at different altitudes
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Liu, S.

; Xing, L.

; Zhang, J.

; Wang, K.

; Duan, M.

; Wei, M.

; Zhang, B.

; Chang, Z.

; Zhang, H.

; Shang, P.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2022, Volume 74 N. 1 Pages 176 - 184

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Porcos tibetanos são caracterizados por diferenças fenotípicas significativas em relação aos porcos de planície. Nosso estudo anterior demonstrou que os genes CRYAB e CTGF eram expressos diferentemente nos tecidos do coração entre os porcos tibetanos (raça das terras altas) e Yorkshire (raça das terras baixas), indicando que eles poderiam participar da adaptação à hipoxia. CRYAB (ɑB-crystallin) e CTGF (fator de crescimento do tecido conjuntivo) também foram relatados como estando associados ao desenvolvimento pulmonar. Entretanto, os padrões de expressão do CRYAB e CTGF nos tecidos pulmonares em diferentes altitudes e sua caracterização genética não são bem compreendidos. Neste estudo, o qRT-PCR e a mancha ocidental de tecido pulmonar revelou níveis de expressão de CRYAB mais elevados em porcos tibetanos e Yorkshire de altitude e média altitude do que em seus pares de planície. Com um aumento na altitude, o nível de expressão do CTGF aumentou nos porcos tibetanos, enquanto diminuiu nos porcos Yorkshire. Além disso, foram identificados dois novos polimorfismos de um único nucleotídeo na região flanqueadora de CRYAB (g.39644482C>T e g.39644132T>C) e CTGF (g.31671748A>G e g.31671773T>G). O polimorfismo pode contribuir parcialmente com as diferenças nos níveis de expressão entre grupos a uma mesma altitude. Estas descobertas proporcionam novos conhecimentos sobre as adaptações de hipoxia a alta altitude dos porcos tibetanos.

ABSTRACT Tibetan pigs are characterized by significant phenotypic differences relative to lowland pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that the genes CRYAB and CTGF were differentially expressed in heart tissues between Tibetan (highland breed) and Yorkshire (lowland breed) pigs, indicating that they might participate in hypoxia adaptation. CRYAB (ɑB-crystallin) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) have also been reported to be associated with lung development. However, the expression patterns of CRYAB and CTGF in lung tissues at different altitudes and their genetic characterization are not well understood. In this study, qRT-PCR and western blot of lung tissue revealed higher CRYAB expression levels in highland and middle-highland Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs than in their lowland counterparts. With an increase in altitude, the expression level of CTGF increased in Tibetan pigs, whereas it decreased in Yorkshire pigs. Furthermore, two novel single-nucleotide polymorphism were identified in the 5′ flanking region of CRYAB (g.39644482C>T and g.39644132T>C) and CTGF (g.31671748A>G and g.31671773T>G). The polymorphism may partially contribute to the differences in expression levels between groups at the same altitude. These findings provide novel insights into the high-altitude hypoxia adaptations of Tibetan pigs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12403

Beneficial effects of Paeonia ostii stamen tea in extending the lifespan and inducing stress resistance on Caenorhabditis elegans
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MENG, Jiasong

; CHENG, Menglin

; ZHANG, Keliang

; EL HADI, Muna Ahmed Mohamed

; ZHAO, Daqiu

; TAO, Jun

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e76521

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Paeonia ostii is an industrial crop with broad prospects, and folks have habit of drinking its stamen tea in China, but its beneficial healthy effects remain largely unclear. Here, we identified its main active components, evaluated its antioxidant activity, and examined its safety property and its beneficial effects in the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that P. ostii stamen (POS) contained many active components with high antioxidant activity. Moreover, POS tea did not cause lethality, influence growth, locomotion behavior and reproduction, and induce intestinal autofluorescence in C. elegans. Furthermore, 1.2 mg·mL-1 of POS tea treatment significantly extended the lifespan and improved growth, locomotion behavior and intestinal autofluorescence of C. elegans, while its reproduction and Escherichia coli OP50 growth were not affected. In addition, POS tea treatment significantly induced stress resistance to extend the lifespan of C. elegans under heat stress and oxidative stress conditions. All these suggested that POS tea was safe and had beneficial healthy effects, which could provide a theoretical basis for its production and popularization.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.76521

The ethanol extract of Periplaneta Americana L. improves ulcerative colitis induced by a combination of chronic stress and TNBS in rats
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Zhang, Jing-na

; Sun, Min-zhe

; Liu, Heng

; Zhang, Han-chao

; Xiao, Huai

; Zhao, Yu

; Zhang, Chenggui

; Zhao, Hai-rong

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2022, Volume 37 N. 5 elocation e370505

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana L. on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by a combination of chronic stress (CS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid enema (TNBS) in rats. Methods: The experiment UC model with CS was established in rats by a combination of chronic restraint stress, excess failure, improper, and TNBS. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS) and pro-inflammatory mediators were measured. The content of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in hypothalamus or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids (CORT) in plasma were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry, and gut microbiota was detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: Weight loss, DAI, CMDI, HS and proinflammatory mediators were reversed in rats by P. americana L. treatment after UC with CS. Increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed in P. americana L. groups. In addition, P. americana L. could reduce the content of CRH and ACTH and regulate the ratio of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+CD25+/CD4+ in spleen. Comparably, P. americana L. changes composition of gut microbiota. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of Periplaneta Americana L. improves UC induced by a combination of CS and TNBS in rats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/acb370505

The toxico-transcriptomic analysis of nano-copper oxide on gazami crab: especially focus on hepatopancreas and gill
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LI, Tiejun

; YANG, Chenghu

; HU, Hongmei

; ZHANG, Bo

; MA, Limin

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e03521

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract To explore the gene expression profiling in gazami crab’s hepatopancreas and gill tissues which were challenged with CuO-NPs. Specimens of gazami crab P. trituberculatus were collected and challenged with CuO-NPs, then their hepatopancreas and gill tissues were dissected for RNA extraction. The cDNA libraries were synthesized and sequenced. De novo assembly of crab transcriptome was conducted for gene expression quantification and differential expression analysis. Finally the results were validated by RT-PCR. 56 unigenes displayed differential expression pattern in CuO-NPs treated hepatopancreas tissue. and 273 unigenes displayed differential expression pattern in CuO-NPs treated gill tissue. The gene expression pattern between control and CuO-NPs treated hepatopancreas was very closed to each other, while the gene expression pattern between control and CuO-NPs treated gill was more distinct. 13 genes were mutually exclusive to participate, and he data generated from RNAseq was well consistent with those obtained from RT-PCR. CuO-NPs could induce toxic effects in crab gills as well as in genetic level and the 13 genes might be the potential marker genes for CuO-NPs toxicology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.03521

Differential Proteomic and Genomic Comparison of Resistance Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium
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CAI, SHUANGQI

; ZHANG, KEXING

; WEI, FEI

; YANG, LEI

; SONG, DEZHI

; LUO, JIN

; HUANG, HONG

; GAO, XINGXIN

; DU, GANG

; KONG, JINLIANG

; CHEN, YIQIANG

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 3 elocation e20211160

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium. We retrospectively analyzed the drug resistance of P.a isolated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. Drug-resistant P.a strains were constructed, then wild-type (WT) and drug-resistant (DR) strains were compared using protein and gene microarrays to determine differences between DR and WT strains. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa during 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 21.2%, 21.4%, and 24.6% respectively. Among 242 protein peaks of WT and DR bacteriophage proteins, 41 were differentially expressed between the two groups. The expression of 26 and 15 proteins were respectively upregulated and downregulated in the DR compared with the WT group. Gene microarray results revealed 679 mutant loci in the DR group, of which 42 with the top 50 Q values were found in the NCBI database. The rate of P.a resistance to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium remained high between 2013 and 2015. The numbers of different proteins and genetic variations in the DR strains suggested that the resistance mechanism of P.a to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium involves multiple genes and proteins that might be key to controlling P.a resistance to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211160

10.

Saúde Cardiovascular e Fibrilação ou Flutter Atrial: Um Estudo Transversal do ELSA-Brasil
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Santos, Itamar S.

; Lotufo, Paulo A.

; Goulart, Alessandra C.

; Brant, Luisa C. C.

; Pinto Filho, Marcelo M

; Pereira, Alexandre C.

; Barreto, Sandhi M.

; Ribeiro, Antonio L. P.

; Thomas, G Neil

; Lip, Gregory Y. H.

; Bensenor, Isabela M.

; Arasalingam, Ajini

; Beane, Abi

; Bensenor, Isabela M

; Brocklehurst, Peter

; Cheng, Kar Keung

; El-Bouri, Wahbi

; Feng, Mei

; Goulart, Alessandra C

; Greenfield, Sheila

; Guo, Yutao

; Guruparan, Mahesan

; Gusso, Gustavo

; Gooden, Tiffany E

; Haniffa, Rashan

; Humphreys, Lindsey

; Jolly, Kate

; Jowett, Sue

; Kumarendran, Balachandran

; Lancashire, Emma

; Lane, Deirdre A

; Li, Xuewen

; Lip (Co-PI), Gregory Y.H.

; Li, Yan-guang

; Lobban, Trudie

; Lotufo, Paulo A

; Manseki-Holland, Semira

; Moore, David J

; Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah

; Olmos, Rodrigo D

; Paschoal, Elisabete

; Pirasanth, Paskaran

; Powsiga, Uruthirakumar

; Romagnolli, Carla

; Santos, Itamar S

; Shantsila, Alena

; Sheron, Vethanayagam Antony

; Shribavan, Kanesamoorthy

; Szmigin, Isabelle

; Subaschandren, Kumaran

; Surenthirakumaran, Rajendra

; Tai, Meihui

; Neil Thomas (Co-PI), G

; Varella, Ana C

; Wang, Hao

; Wang, Jingya

; Zhang, Hui

; Zhong, Jiaoyue

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2022, N. ahead

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A associação entre o status de saúde cardiovascular ideal ( ideal cardiovascular health ( ICVH) e diagnóstico de fibrilação ou flutter atrial (FFA) foi menos estudado em comparação a outras doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivos Analisar a associação entre o diagnóstico de FFA e métricas e escores de ICVH no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Métodos Este estudo analisou dados de 13141 participantes com dados completos. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos foram codificados de acordo com o Sistema de Minnesota, em um centro de leitura centralizado. As métricas do ICVH (dieta, atividade física, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo, glicemia de jeju, e colesterol total) e escores do ICVH foram calculados conforme proposto pela American Heart Association . Modelos de regressão logística bruta e ajustada foram construídos para analisar associações de métricas e escores do ICVH com diagnóstico de FFA. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 0,05. Resultados A idade mediana da amostra foi de 55 anos, e 54,4% eram mulheres. Nos modelos ajustados, os escores de ICVH não apresentaram associação significativa com diagnóstico de FFA prevalente [odds ratio (OR):0,96; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%):0,80-1,16; p=0,70). Perfis de pressão arterial ideal (OR:0,33; IC95%:0,1-0,74; p=0,007) e colesterol total ideal (OR:1,88; IC95%:1,19-2,98; p=0,007) foram significativamente associados com o diagnóstico de FFA. Conclusões Não foram identificadas associações significativas entre escores de ICVH global e diagnóstico de FFA após ajuste multivariado em nossas análises, devido, ao menos em parte, às associações antagônicas da FFA com métricas de pressão arterial e de colesterol total do ICVH. Nossos resultados sugerem que estimar a prevenção da FFA por meio de escore de ICVH global pode não ser adequado, e as métricas do ICVH devem ser consideradas separadamente.

Abstract Background The association between ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) status and atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) diagnosis has been less studied compared to other cardiovascular diseases. Objective To analyze the association between AFF diagnosis and ICVH metrics and scores in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This study analyzed data from 13,141 participants with complete data. Electrocardiographic tracings were coded according to the Minnesota Coding System, in a centralized reading center. ICVH metrics (diet, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and total cholesterol) and scores were calculated as proposed by the American Heart Association. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were built to analyze the association of ICVH metrics and scores with AFF diagnosis. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results The sample had a median age of 55 years and 54.4% were women. In adjusted models, ICVH scores were not significantly associated with prevalent AFF diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]:0.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.80-1.16; p=0.70). Ideal blood pressure (OR:0.33; 95% CI:0.15–0.74; p=0.007) and total cholesterol (OR:1.88; 95% CI:1.19–2.98; p=0.007) profiles were significantly associated with AFF diagnosis. Conclusions No significant associations were identified between global ICVH scores and AFF diagnosis after multivariable adjustment in our analyses, at least partially due to the antagonistic associations of AFF with blood pressure and total cholesterol ICVH metrics. Our results suggest that estimating the prevention of AFF burden using global ICVH scores may not be adequate, and ICVH metrics should be considered in separate.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210970

11.

Identification of Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.
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Li, Jing-Xin

; Wang, Yu

; Hao, Ying

; Huo, Xiao-Kui

; Sun, Cheng-Peng

; Zhao, Xiao-Xia

; Wang, Jin-Cheng

; Zhang, Jian-Bin

; Ning, Jing

; Tian, Xiang-Ge

; Wang, Chao

; Zhao, Wen-Yu

; Lv, Xia

; Li, Ya-Chen

; Ma, Xiao-Chi

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e21394

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) can reactivate xenobiotics that exert enterohepatic circulation- triggered gastrointestinal tract toxicity. GUS inhibitors can alleviate drug-induced enteropathy and improve treatment outcomes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. and its major constituents against Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS), and characterized the inhibitory mechanism of each of the components. Trans-resveratrol 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HZ-1) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (HZ-2) isolated from P. cuspidatum were identified as the key components and potent inhibitors. These two components displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects on EcGUS, with Ki values of 9.95 and 1.95 μM, respectively. Results from molecular docking indicated that HZ-1 and HZ-2 could interact with the key residues Asp163, Ser360, Ile 363, Glu413, Glu504, and Lys 568 of EcGUS via hydrogen bonding. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of P. cuspidatum and its two components on EcGUS, which supported the further evaluation and development of P. cuspidatum and its two active components as novel candidates for alleviating drug-induced damage in the mammalian gut.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e21394

12.

Kinetics of seed reserve compounds during the maturation of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) seeds
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Meng, Jiasong

; Li, Miao

; Zhang, Keliang

; Zhao, Daqiu

; Tao, Jun

Journal of Seed Science

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2021, Volume 43 elocation e202143041

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Sementes de muitas espécies de peônia contêm grande conteúdo de lipídios. No entanto, a exploração de seu potencial para a produção de óleo é dificultada pela falta de informações básicas sobre a biologia do desenvolvimento das sementes. Objetivou-se determinar o acúmulo de vários compostos de reserva durante o desenvolvimento de sementes da espécie Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’. As sementes foram coletadas em cinco estádios de desenvolvimento: 30 dias após a floração (DAF), 45 DAF, 60 DAF, 75 DAF e 90 DAF. Foram realizadas análises anatômicas e histológicas e o peso de sementes, conteúdo de água, proteínas, amido e ácidos graxos foram determinados. O período de tempo para o completo desenvolvimento das sementes foi de 90 DAF. As sementes estavam fisiologicamente maduras aos 75 DAF. Durante o desenvolvimento das sementes, o conteúdo de amido e de lipídio aumentaram para, em seguida, diminuir, atingindo o conteúdo máximo aos 60 DAF e aos 75 DAF, respectivamente. O teor de proteínas apresentou uma ligeira diminuição e, em seguida, aumentou. Lipídio foi o principal composto de reserva presente nas sementes maduras. Um total de 26 tipos de ácidos graxos foram detectados entre os quais, sete tipos atingiram mais de 100 mg.Kg-1 em sementes de todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Esses sete ácidos graxos foram ácido palmítico, ácido esteárico, ácido oleico, ácido trans-oleico, ácido linoleico, ácido α-linolenic e ácido erécico. Além disso, o teor de ácido α-linolenic representou mais de 40% do teor total de ácidos graxos em cada estádio.

Abstract: Seeds of many peony species contain a large amount of oil. However, the exploiting of its potential for oil production is hampered by a lack of basic information regarding the developmental biology of the seeds. Our aim was to obtain a detailed relationship between seed development and accumulation of various storage compounds of Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ seed. Seeds were collected at five developmental stages including 30 days after flowering (DAF), 45 DAF, 60 DAF, 75 DAF and 90 DAF. Anatomical and histological analysis, seed weight and water content, proteins, starch, and fatty acids contents were determinated. The time span of seed development for P. lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ was 90 DAF. Seeds were physiologically mature by 75 DAF, with maximum dry matter content. During seed development, the starch and lipid content showed an increased and then decrease pattern, while they reached their maximum content differed with starch for 60 DAF and lipid for 75 DAF. Protein content showed a slight decreased and then increased pattern. Lipid was the main storage reserve of mature seeds. A total of 26 kinds of fatty acid were detected and among which, seven kinds was all more than 100 mg.Kg-1 in all developmental seeds. Those seven fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, trans-oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and erucic acid. Besides, the content of α-linolenic acid accounted for more than 40% of the total fatty acid content in each stage.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v43255168 1 downloads

13.

A Modified Flexor Tendon Suture Technique Combining Kessler and Loop Lock Flexor Tendon Sutures
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Yang, Wenfeng

; Li, Jvtao

; Su, Yuewen

; Liang, Wu

; Ren, Yuanfei

; Dong, Yvjin

; Shang, Yaohua

; Zhong, Sheng

; Xu, Lianchun

; Zhang, Tiehui

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2358

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, a novel single knot tenorrhaphy was developed by combining the modified Kessler flexor tendon suture (MK) with the loop lock technique. METHODS: A total of 48 porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were collected and randomly divided into six groups. The tendons were transversely cut and then repaired using six different techniques, the MK method, double knot Kessler-loop lock flexor tendon suture (DK), and single knot Kessler-loop lock flexor tendon suture (SK), each in combination with the epitendinous suture (P), and the same three techniques without P. Furthermore, by performing the load-to-failure tests, the biomechanical properties and the time taken to complete a repair, for each tenorrhaphy, were assessed. RESULTS: Compared to the MK+P method, DK+P was more improved, thereby enhancing the ultimate tensile strength. The SK+P method, which required fewer knots than DK+P, was easier to perform. Moreover, the SK+P repair increased the force at a 2-mm gap formation, while requiring lesser knots than DK+P. CONCLUSION: As opposed to the traditional MK+P method, the SK+P method was improved and exhibited better biomechanical properties, which may facilitate early mobilization after the repair.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2358 294 downloads

14.

Electroacupuncture alleviates inflammatory pain via adenosine suppression and its mediated substance P expression
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ZHANG, Rong yi

; ZHU, Ben fan

; WANG, Li kui

; SONG, Yang

; ZHAO, Jia gui

; GUO, Yan

; ZHAO, Long

; CHEN, Shi

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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oct 2020, Volume 78 N. 10 Pages 617 - 623

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: A acupuntura tem sido amplamente utilizada para alívio de dor. No entanto, seus mecanismos são muito pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura e a regulação da expressão de adenosina e de substância P. Métodos: Utilizou-se um modelo de dor inflamatória crônica em ratos por injeção única do Adjuvante Completo de Freund e, em seguida, os animais foram tratados com eletroacupuntura diariamente. Foram aplicadas sete sessões bilaterais de eletroacupuntura (ST36 e BL60, 0,5 a 1,5 mA, força inicial de 0,5 mA, aumentada em 0,5 mA a cada 10 minutos, 30 minutos por sessão, uma sessão por dia) em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund, por sete dias. O efeito analgésico da eletroacupuntura foi avaliado pela medida do limiar de retirada da pata em ratos que receberam estimulações mecânica e térmica. Resultados: A estimulação diária com eletroacupuntura aumentou efetivamente o limiar de retirada da pata em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund. A eletroacupuntura aumentou o nível de adenosina na região zusanli. Estudos posteriores mostraram que a eletroacupuntura poderia diminuir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alpha, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68 nos gânglios da raiz dorsal. Curiosamente, a injeção direta de antagonistas do receptor de adenosina A1 ou de substância P, ou a transecção da raiz do nervo dorsal, podem prejudicar significativamente as ações analgésicas induzidas pela eletroacupuntura em ratos com Adjuvante Completo de Freund e reduzir os níveis de substância P, receptor de neurocinina-1, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-1β, interleucina-6 e CD68. Por fim, confirmamos que a injeção direta de um agonista do receptor da adenosina A1 reproduziu os efeitos analgésicos da eletroacupuntura. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam a regulação da secreção da substância P mediada pela adenosina. A via mediada pela substância P pode estar envolvida no processo de analgesia por eletroacupuntura em ratos.

ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture has been widely used for alleviating pain. However, its mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Objective: In the present study, we focused on whether the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is related to its regulation on adenosine and substance P expression. Methods: We established chronic inflammatory pain model in rats through a single injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, and then we treated animals using daily electroacupuncture. We applied seven bilateral sessions of electroacupuncture (ST36 and BL60, 0.5 to 1.5 mA, initial strength of 0.5 mA, increased by 0.5 mA every 10 minutes, for 30 minutes per session, one section per day) to Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats for seven days. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal threshold in rats that received mechanical and thermal stimulation. Results: Daily electroacupuncture stimulation effectively increased paw withdrawal threshold in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats. Electroacupuncture increased the adenosine level in zusanli. A further study showed that electroacupuncture could decrease substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68 levels in dorsal root ganglion. Interestingly, direct injection of adenosine A1 or substance P receptor antagonists, or dorsal nerve root transection could significantly impair electroacupuncture induced analgesic actions in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant rats could and reduce the levels of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and CD68. Finally, we confirmed that direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture. Conclusion: Our results indicate regulation of adenosine-mediated substance P secretion. Substance P-mediated pathway may be involved in the analgesia process by electroacupuncture in rats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200078 1025 downloads

15.

Periplaneta americana extract promotes intestinal mucosa repair of ulcerative colitis in rat
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Xue, Nan-nan

; He, Miao

; Li, Yue

; Wu, Jun-zhu

; Du, Wen-wen

; Wu, Xiu-mei

; Yang, Zi-zhong

; Zhang, Cheng-gui

; Li, Qi-yan

; Xiao, Huai

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2020, Volume 35 N. 10 elocation e202001002

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract promoting intestinal mucosal repair of OXZ-induced colitis in rat. Methods: All experiments used an equal number of male and female SD rats (n=48). We injected OXZ into the colon to induce UC rat model. To determine the optimal concentration of P. Americana's extract (PA-40), it was classified into low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses. After OXZ treatment, each drug was administered by enema for 7 consecutive days. Rats were divided into the following 6 groups: (1) Saline treatment group (NC), (2) OXZ treatment UC model group (MC), (3) OXZ + budesonide group (BUN), (4) OXZ + PA-40 L group, (5) OXZ + PA-40 M group, (6) OXZ + PA-40 H group. Disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, histopathological score, serum cytokine level (IL-4, IL-10, iNOS, tNOS), and amount of MPO, EGF, IL-13 in colonic mucosa were measured. Results: PA treatment had a significant healing effect on the OXZ-colitis model and significantly reduced the lesioned area, especially in the PA-40H groups. PA treatment did not alter the expression of IL-10 and MPO level, but increased EGF (epidermal growth factor) and decrease IL-13 in the colonic tissue. PA inhibited the rise of NOSs (nitric oxide synthase) and decreased the serum IL-4 level. Conclusions: The data suggest that Periplaneta americana extract may be a potential compound for the treatment of colonic lesions. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the secretion of IL-13 and promoting the formation of EGF.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020200100000002 692 downloads

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