ABSTRACT Introduction: The strength training of superior members currently practiced in the university courses does not correspond to the real necessities of the athletes, demanding the development of optimized methods for more expressive performance gains. To create these methods, it is necessary to collect data scientifically to consolidate a solid analysis for improvement. Objective: Analyze upper limbs strength training in table tennis players. Methods: During the experiment, 20 students were randomly divided into groups to perform daily training according to the original table tennis training plan. The experimental group received a schematized protocol improving the existing teaching by adding upper limb strength training. The experiment totaled eight weeks, with one hour of training conducted twice a week. Results: In the experimental group, the attack distance index increased by 25.378%, the one-minute attack swing index increased by 0.585%, the swing index increased by 12.795%, and the technical attack index increased by 11.452%. Conclusion: The improved upper limb strength training method presented in the protocol of this article can optimize athletes’ muscle strength, increasing balance and swing ability, positively influencing the technical score and final sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza de miembros superiores actualmente practicado en los cursos universitarios no corresponde a las necesidades reales de los atletas, exigiendo el desarrollo de métodos optimizados para ganancias de rendimiento más expresivas. Para la confección de estos métodos, es necesario recopilar datos de forma científica con el fin de consolidar un análisis sólido para su mejora. Objetivo: Analizar el entrenamiento de fuerza de los miembros superiores en practicantes de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Durante el experimento, 20 estudiantes se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo para realizar un entrenamiento diario según el plan de entrenamiento original de tenis de mesa, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió un protocolo esquematizado que mejoraba la enseñanza existente añadiendo un entrenamiento de fuerza de las extremidades superiores. El experimento duró 8 semanas, con una hora de entrenamiento dos veces por semana. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el índice de distancia de ataque aumentó un 25,378%, el índice de balanceo de ataque de un minuto aumentó un 0,585%, el índice de balanceo aumentó un 12,795% y el índice de ataque técnico aumentó un 11,452%. Conclusión: El método mejorado de entrenamiento de la fuerza de las extremidades superiores presentado en el protocolo de este artículo puede optimizar la fuerza muscular de los atletas, aumentando el equilibrio y la capacidad de balanceo, influyendo positivamente en la puntuación técnica y en el rendimiento deportivo final. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de força de membros superiores atualmente praticados nos cursos universitários não correspondem às reais necessidades dos atletas, exigindo o desenvolvimento de métodos otimizados para ganhos de desempenho mais expressivos. Para a confecção desses métodos, é necessário efetuar-se uma coleta de dados de maneira científica afim de consolidar uma análise sólida para aprimoramento. Objetivo: Analisar o treinamento de força dos membros superiores nos praticantes de tênis de mesa. Métodos: Durante o experimento, 20 estudantes foram aleatoriamente divididos em um grupo para efetuar o treinamento diário de acordo com o plano original de treinamento do tênis de mesa, enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu um protocolo esquematizado aprimorando o ensino existente, adicionando o treinamento de força para os membros superiores. O experimento totalizou 8 semanas, com uma hora de treino realizado duas vezes por semana. Resultados: No grupo experimental, o índice de distância de ataque aumentou 25,378%, o índice de balanço de ataque de um minuto aumentou 0,585%, o índice de balanço aumentou 12,795% e o índice técnico de ataque aumentou 11,452%. Conclusão: O método aperfeiçoado de treinamento de força dos membros superiores apresentados no protocolo deste artigo pode otimizar a força muscular dos atletas, aumentando a capacidade de equilíbrio e balanço, influenciando positivamente na pontuação técnica e desempenho esportivo final. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract To investigate the effect of polyurea on the protective performance of a steel target plate under the combination of shock wave and fragments, the failure characteristics, damage process and micro mechanism of the polyurea coated steel plates with different coating methods under the combination of explosion shock waves and fragments were analyzed through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that single-sided coatings aggravated the damage of target plate when the coating thickness was 2 mm. While the polyurea thickness greater than 4 mm could significantly reduce the damage degree of the steel plate. When the polyurea was coated on the double sides, it would aggravate the damage, no matter how thick the polyurea was. Through microscopic research, it was found that the front coated polyurea was severely ablated by detonation products, which greatly reduce its energy absorption efficiency. The polyurea coated on the back underwent tensile fracture under the influence of tensile stress wave. The breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bond of polyurea was the key to the energy absorption of polyurea.

Abstract It has been reported that xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Asp312Asn is related to esophageal cancer (EC). Nevertheless, in 12 recent years, some researchers have put forward different points of view. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relation between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and the risk of EC in Chinese. Related studies were searched in the databases between the beginning to October 2019. An OR with 14 the corresponding 95% CI was carried out to appraise the relevance. There were 8 studies with 2553 esophageal cancer cases and 3091 controls in 15 this meta-analysis. Due to no heterogeneities among the selected studies of all the four genetic models, fxed-effect model was used in each genotype. There was not significant relationship between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in overall analyses by pooled ORs and subgroup analyses stratified by geographic area and source of controls. In conclusion, there may be not association between XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism and EC in Chinese populations. Further studies about other ethnic groups are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Abstract In this paper, LS-dyna software was used to simulate the charging process of cylindrical shell when EFP has different angles, and some interesting phenomena and laws were found. Cylindrical elastic wave σr was generated when the cylindrical shell was impacted by EFP. The cylindrical elastic wave σr was correlated with the time required for the cylindrical shell charge to be successfully detonated. When the EFP warhead penetration Angle θ ranges from 0° to 10°, the σr increases linearly with (cosθ)-1/2. With the increase of θ, the tangential velocity vy had an obvious effect on the impact of EFP on the cylindrical shell, and the linear relationship between the elastic wave σr and (cosθ)-1/2 does not change. When the θ was greater than 45°, EFP could not successfully impact and detonate the cylindrical shell charge. The EFP velocity was measured by velocity measurement method with an error of 1.3%. The experimental results have strong similarity with the simulation results, indicating that the parameters of the numerical simulation model have good reliability.

Abstract In the current study the incidence of food impaction between implant-supported fixed dental prostheses and adjacent teeth was determined and the factors that influence food impaction were identified. Seven hundred seventy-nine implant prosthetic crowns and 879 adjacent sites from a pool of 489 patients were retrospectively studied. Food impaction existed in 16.6% of patients with implant restorations at the follow-up evaluations. Food impaction occurred more frequently on the mesial aspect of the implant prosthesis and the molar area. Among the factors that affected food impaction, proximal contact loss was shown to be the major cause (78.6%), while the incidence of food impaction on the mesial and distal aspects was 58.0% and 20.6%, respectively. Based on single-factor analysis of variance, gender, implant location, mesial and distal aspects of the prosthesis, and lost time before implant restoration were the factors that influenced proximal contact loss in patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, proximal contact loss was shown to be highly associated with food impaction. Thus, gender, the molar area, the mesial aspect of the prosthesis, and the lost time before implant restoration should be fully considered. Guidance on the proper use and maintenance of prostheses is essential to achieve an optimal outcome.

A rapid and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine sacubitril, valsartan and a metabolite of sacubitril (LBQ657) in human plasma using sacubitril-d4 and valsartan-d3 as the internal standards. Following protein precipitation, the analytes were operated on an Ultimate® XB-C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm, Welch) with a gradient elution with acetonitrile, and 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in water as the mobile phase. The detection was performed on a Triple Quad™ 4000 mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) under positive-ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linearities are 2.00-4000, 5.00-10000 and 5.00-10000 ng mL−1 for sacubitril, valsartan and LBQ657, respectively. The accuracy and precision of intra- and inter-day, dilution accuracy, recovery and stability of the method were all within the acceptable limits and no matrix effect or carryover was observed. The suitability of the method was successfully demonstrated in terms of the quantification of sacubitril, valsartan and LBQ657 in plasma samples collected from healthy Chinese volunteers in a clinical trial.

Abstract: The combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers is gaining recognition as a viable approach to address the decline of soil fertility in intensive cultivation. A four-year experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of maize growth and analyse environmental changes. Two treatments were designed, (І) mineral fertilizer treatments (MF) that received the optimal fertilization level with 185 kg N/ha, 60 kg P2O5/ha, and 90 kg K2O/ha and (П) the combination of organic and mineral fertilizer treatments (OMF) with the application of 3.75 t/ha organic fertilizer supplemented with 125 kg N ha-1. The results indicated that OMF could improve the maize yield by 9.7-13.6 %, while the aggregate environmental index was reduced by 17 % compared with MF. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that OMF promotes maize growth and yield attributed to the increased N, P and K uptake at the 12-leaf stage and tasseling stage, and the increased urease activity and P uptakes at the harvest stage. Life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis indicated that OMF decreased energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, acidification and aquatic eutrophication compared with MF. The results clearly revealed that organic applied with less mineral fertilizer had a higher maize yield and lower agricultural environmental risk compared to only mineral fertilizer.

Abstract In the previous study, we used genome shuffling to improve fengycin production of the original strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2–4. After two rounds of genome shuffling, a high-yield recombinant FMB72 strain that exhibited 8.30-fold increase in fengycin production was obtained. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis of the parental ES-2–4 and genome-shuffled FMB72 strains was conducted to examine the differentially expressed proteins. In the shuffled strain FMB72, 50 differently expressed spots (p < 0.05) were selected to be excised and analyzed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, and finally 44 protein spots were confidently identified according to NCBI database. According to clusters of orthologous groups (COG) functional category analysis and related references, the differentially expressed proteins could be classified into several functional categories, including proteins involved in metabolism, energy generation and conversion, DNA replication, transcription, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, cell motility and secretion, signal transduction mechanisms, general function prediction. Of the 44 identified proteins, signaling proteins ComA and Spo0A may positively regulate fengycin synthesis at transcriptional level. Taken together, the present study will be informative for exploring the exact roles of ComA and Spo0A in fengycin synthesis and explaining the molecular mechanism of fengycin synthesis.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on tendon-to-bone reconstruction of rotator cuff tears. Methods: Seventy-two rat supraspinatus tendons were transected and reconstructed in situ. At 8 and 16 weeks, specimens of three groups; that is control, L-dose (low dose), and H-dose (high dose) were harvested and underwent a biomechanical test to evaluate the maximum load and stiffness values. Histology sections of the tendon-to-bone interface were identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Masson trichrome stain. Collagen type III was observed by picric acid sirius red staining under polarized light. The level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Collagen type III of the H-dose group had a significant difference in histology structure compared with the L-dose group (P<0.05). The maximum load and stiffness decreased significantly in the control group compared with the values of the L-dose and H-dose groups. The stiffness among the three groups differed significantly at the same postoperative time (P<0.05). Interestingly, progressive reestablishment of collagen type III affected tendon-to-bone healing significantly in the later stages. Conclusion: The H-dose was associated with an increased collagen type III morphology stimulated by TGF-β1.

Abstract Objective Hand hygiene (HH) is a critical component for controlling hospital-acquired infection (HAI). The present study was designed to develop an intervention approach to improve compliance with HH among healthcare workers in a hospital setting. Methods The HH intervention study was conducted in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China and organized by its Department of HAI Management. It was an observational, prospective, quasiexperimental (before-after intervention) study. The study was divided into two phases: the baseline phase and the intervention phase. The investigative team included clinical monitoring staff and infection control practitioners who received a series of instructions on HH compliance, monitoring skills, and measurement of the use of HH products. Results Based on 27,852 observations in a 17-month period, the rate of compliance with HH improved from 37.78% at baseline to 75.90% after intervention. Significant improvement in compliance and an increase in consumption of HH products was observed after intervention. The per patient-day consumption of alcohol-based hand rub products and handwash agents increased by 4.75 mL and 4.55 mL, respectively. The consumption of paper towels increased 3.41 sheets per patient-day. During the same period, the prevalence rate of HAI decreased 0.83%. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a significant improvement in compliance with HH can be achieved through a systemic, multidimensional intervention approach involving all categories of healthcare workers in a hospital setting, which may result in a decrease of the HAI rate.

Abstract Dunaliella salina, a single-celled marine alga with extreme salt tolerance, is an important model organism for studying fundamental extremophile survival mechanisms and their potential practical applications. In this study, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was used to investigate the expression of halotolerant proteins under high (3 M NaCl) and low (0.75 M NaCl) salt concentrations. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) and bioinformatics were used to identify and characterize the differences among proteins. 2D-DIGE analysis revealed 141 protein spots that were significantly differentially expressed between the two salinities. Twenty-four differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, including proteins in the following important categories: molecular chaperones, proteins involved in photosynthesis, proteins involved in respiration and proteins involved in amino acid synthesis. Expression levels of these proteins changed in response to the stress conditions, which suggests that they may be involved in the maintenance of intracellular osmotic pressure, cellular stress responses, physiological changes in metabolism, continuation of photosynthetic activity and other aspects of salt stress. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the function and mechanisms of various proteins in salt stress.