RESUMO As potencialidades de uso de UAVs na agricultura são enormes e, com a entrada na era da digitalização das lavouras e da Agricultura 4.0, essa plataforma tem ganhado cada vez mais importância. Levantamento rotineiros de dados em campo podem ser melhorados ou mesmo substituídos por imagens obtidas via UAVs e as aplicações de produtos fitossanitários podem ser otimizados. A altíssima resolução espacial das imagens torna os UAVs atrativos para diversas aplicações que o tradicional sensoriamento via satélite ainda não atendem. Ainda, com o enorme desenvolvimento recente das técnicas e aplicações de ciência dos dados, os UAVs têm posição de destaque para auxiliar o agricultor na tomada de decisão mais eficiente e na viabilização da automação de processos agrícolas. Assim, neste trabalho abordaremos as principais aplicações dos UAVs na agricultura, dividindo o texto em cinco grandes tópicos: Levantamento topográfico, Avaliações fisiológicas, Avaliações biofísicas, Monitoramento de alvos biológicos, e Pulverização de produtos fitossanitários e aplicação de bioinsumos.

ABSTRACT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have potentially significant application in agriculture and, with the emergence of the digital farming era and Agriculture 4.0, this platform has become increasingly important. UAV imagery may improve or even replace routine data surveys, as well as optimize phytosanitary product application. High-spatial resolution imagery makes UAVs attractive for several applications where traditional satellite sensing is still unsuitable. With the significant recent development of data science techniques, UAVs have a prominent position in assisting farmers for more efficient decision-making and automating agricultural processes. Thus, this work addresses the main agricultural applications of UAVs into five major topics: topographic survey, physiological assessments, biophysical assessments, monitoring of biological targets, and spraying of phytosanitary products and application of bio inputs.

RESUMO A agricultura digital contribui com a eficiência agrícola por meio da utilização de ferramentas como a visão computacional, robótica e agricultura de precisão. Com este trabalho o objetivo foi desenvolver um sistema capaz classificar imagens por meio do reconhecimento de padrões pré estabelecidos. Para este fim foi criado um sistema distribuído geograficamente, baseado no computador Raspberry Pi 3B+, que captura imagens no campo e armazena em um banco de dados, onde estão disponibilizadas para receber uma pré-classificação por parte de um supervisor. Depois disso, classificadores são gerados, avaliados e enviados para o dispositivo remoto realizar a classificação em tempo real. Para a avaliação do sistema foram definidas 23 classes agrupadas em 3 superclasses, capturadas 36.979 imagens e, realizadas 1.579 pré-classificações, que permitiram a realização de testes de classificação por meio de validação cruzada com divisão equivalente a quantidade de classes e de forma embaralhada. Estes testes mostraram que a acurácia entregue por cada classificador é diferente e, diretamente proporcional a quantidade e balanceamento das amostras, com variação da acurácia de 11% a 79%, com 26 e 2.200 amostras consideradas, respectivamente. O tempo de resposta do sistema foi avaliado em 1.585 períodos e se mantiveram em aproximadamente 0,20 segundos, podendo, sob velocidade controlada do veículo, ser utilizada para dispersão de insumos em tempo real.

ABSTRACT Digital agriculture contributes to agricultural efficiency through the use of such tools as computer vision, robotics, and precision agriculture. In this study, the objective was to develop a system capable of classifying images through the recognition of pre-established patterns. For this purpose, a geographically distributed system was created, based on the Raspberry Pi 3B+ computer, which captures images in the field and stores them in a database, where they are available to receive a pre-classification by a supervisor. Subsequently, classifiers are generated, evaluated, and sent to the remote device to conduct a classification in real time. For an evaluation of the system, 23 classes were defined and grouped into 3 superclasses, 36,979 images were captured, and 1,579 pre-classifications were conducted, which allowed the classification tests to be carried out by means of a cross-validation by randomly dividing into the equivalent number of classes. These tests revealed that the accuracy delivered by each classifier is different and directly proportional to the quantity and balance of the samples, with a variation of 11% to 79%, with 26 and 2,200 samples considered, respectively. The response time of the system was evaluated during 1,585 periods and was maintained within approximately 0.20 s, and under controlled speed of the vehicle, can be used for the dispersion of inputs in real time.

ABSTRACT Active optical sensors have been widely used for the spatial and temporal monitoring of peanut culture because they are accurate, non-destructive methods for rapidly obtaining data. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal stage of crop growth for collecting sensor readings based on correlations between quality indicators. In addition, we compared vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index, [NDRE], and Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index, [IRVI]) by monitoring temporal variability in the peanut crop in order to determine which of them obtained the best reading quality throughout the process. The experiment was performed on the 2016/17 crop in the agricultural area of the municipality of Dumont in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was based on the basic assumptions of statistical quality control and contained 63 sample points in a 30 × 30 m grid. The parameters were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 119 days after sowing (DAS) using proximal sensing with GreenSeeker and OptRX sensors. We found that 45 and 60 DAS were the optimal times for monitoring peanut crop variability. For spatiotemporal monitoring of the culture with control charts, NDRE showed the best readings throughout the process when compared to NDVI and IRVI.

RESUMO O direcionamento automático de máquinas agrícolas via sinal GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tem sido adotado cada vez mais pela comunidade agrícola na última década. Produtores de amendoim estão adotando tal tecnologia a fim de melhorar o paralelismo das operações face às dificuldades principalmente encontradas no arranquio mecanizado, onde as perdas são, todavia, um grande problema. Objetivou-se avaliar as operações mecanizadas de semeadura e de arranquio de amendoim controlados manualmente e com piloto automático, juntamente com a qualidade das operações. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas operações de escavação, com e sem piloto automático, e duas velocidades de deslocamento (4,5 e 6,0 km h-1). O experimento foi realizado em solo de textura média, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado disposto em faixas, utilizando-se das variáveis analisadas como indicadores de qualidade. Na semeadura foi avaliado o paralelismo entre as passadas do conjunto trator-semeadora em 120 pontos de cada sistema (direcionamento manual e automático). Foram avaliadas as perdas de arranquio nos dois sistemas de direcionamento sob duas velocidades de deslocamento (4,5 e 6,0 km h-1), em 15 pontos de cada tratamento. Verificou-se que o paralelismo entre as passadas do conjunto trator-semeadora foi melhor quando se utilizou do piloto automático, além da maior qualidade da operação. A velocidade de deslocamento não influenciou as perdas de arranquio. Não houve diferenças nas perdas visíveis de arranquio, porém quando o arranquio foi realizado com o piloto automático obteve-se maior qualidade. Menores perdas invisíveis e totais de arranquio foram obtidas quando o arranquio foi realizado com o direcionamento automático, e qualidade superior foi obtida na velocidade de 4,5 km h-1; porém, a qualidade foi afetada negativamente sob operação manual. Portanto, o uso do piloto automático se mostrou eficaz na melhoria da precisão e da qualidade das operações.

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, automatic guidance of agricultural machinery via Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals has been increasingly adopted by the farming community. Peanut farmers are adopting such technology in order to improve the parallelism of operations to address difficulties that occur in mechanical digging, where losses are a big problem. This study aimed to evaluate mechanized operations of peanut sowing and digging controlled manually and by autopilot, along with their quality. The treatments consisted of two digging operations, with and without autopilot, and two displacement speeds (4.5 and 6.0 km h-1). The experiment was conducted in a medium-textured soil in a completely randomized design arranged in bands, using the analyzed variables as quality indicators. At sowing, parallelism between passes of the tractor-sower set, was evaluated at 120 points of each system (manual and automatic routing). The digging losses were evaluated in the two guidance systems, under two displacement speeds (4.5 to 6.0 km h-1) at 15 points per treatment. It was verified that the parallelism between the passes of the tractor-sower set was better when using the autopilot, which improved the operation quality. Displacement speed did not influence the digging loss. There were no differences in the visible digging loss, but higher quality was obtained when the operation was performed using autopilot. Minor invisible and total digging losses were obtained when the digging was performed with automatic routing, and superior quality was found at a speed of 4.5 km h-1; however, quality was adversely affected under manual operation. Thus, the use of autopilot is effective for improving the accuracy and the quality of the operations.

RESUMO Entre os fatores que podem influenciar a produtividade do milho estão o sentido da operação de semeadura e a população de plantas, pois esses alteram o índice de sombreamento entre as linhas da cultura, e consequentemente a eficiência da interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa pelas folhas das plantas. Teve-se por objetivo nesse estudo avaliar a influência do sentido de semeadura e populações de plantas sobre a produtividade do híbrido de milho P2830VYH. O experimento foi conduzido em área da FCAV–UNESP, à latitude de 21º 14’ S e longitude 48º 16’ W no município de Jaboticabal (SP). Os tratamentos estudados foram compostos por três direções de semeadura (Norte-Sul; Nordeste-Sudoeste; e Leste-Oeste) e três densidades populacionais (40.000; 60.000; e 80.000 plantas ha-1). A lavoura com 80.000 plantas ha-1 apresentou o menor custo por saca de milho, e lucratividade 21% maior que o tratamento de 60.000 plantas ha-1, e 45% maior que o tratamento de 40.000 plantas ha-1. O sentido da semeadura não exerceu influência sobre a produtividade de grãos quando as condições ambientais foram favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da lavoura. Menores densidades de plantas apresentam maiores resultados individuais em relação ao número de espigas, comprimento de espigas e número de grãos por fileira.

ABSTRACT Among the factors that may influence corn yield are sowing operation direction and plant population, since they alter the shade index between crop rows, and consequently the efficiency of interception of the photosynthetically active radiation by the leaves of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing direction and plant populations on P2830VYH hybrid corn yield. The experiment was conducted at the facilities of FCAV-UNESP, latitude 21º 14’ S and longitude 48º 16’ W in Jaboticabal (SP). The treatments were composed of three sowing directions (North-South, Northeast-Southwest, and East-West) and three population densities (40,000, 60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1). The treatment with 80,000 plants ha-1 had the lowest cost per sack of corn and profitability 21% higher than that of the treatment with 60,000 plants ha-1, and 45% higher than that of the treatment with 40,000 plants ha-1. Sowing direction had no influence on grain yield when environmental conditions were favorable to the development of the crop. Lower plant densities lead to higher individual results in relation to the number of cobs, length of cobs and number of grains per row.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, a large portion of peanut production is found under conventional soil preparation. Due to the fact that there is a lack in studies related to the cultivation of peanuts in conservationists soil preparation, mainly in the field of losses and mechanized harvesting. Thus, it was aimed to assess the quality of digging and gathering operation of peanut, based on losses, using statistical process control techniques in two tillages. The sowing was carried out under conventional and conservationist preparation, revolving only the sowing line. Losses were evaluated in the digging and gathering operation, being that in the gathering it was evaluated the harvest losses in three displacement speeds (4, 6 and 8 km h-1) in two tillages. The quality of the process was affected by the soil preparation based on the visible and invisible losses, respectively. Regarding the gathering, the conservationist preparation, it was unstable in all indicators, whereas in the conventional preparation it was noticed reduction of the variability for all the displacement speeds. The peanut sowing under conservationist preparation provided a better quality digging. In contrast, the gathering of pods in areas under conventional tillage showed a better quality of the operation.

ABSTRACT The peanuts harvesting mechanization is affected by the soil physical characteristics and it may increase the losses due to the production of pods in subsurface. The objective of the experiment was to identify the clusters through multivariate exploratory approaches from similarity in six soil textures (very clayey, clayey, silty clayey loam, clayey loam, sandy loam and sandy) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, determining the main agronomic variables that most influenced the clustering division to assist the decision-making process in peanuts mechanized harvesting. The data were analyzed by the multivariate exploratory that is performed to simplify the description of a set of interrelated variables, using: yield, maturity, soil and pod moisture content, windrow width and height, visible and invisible digging losses, and gathering losses, as agronomic indicators of quality. The low and high clay content were grouped into clusters I and III, respectively, according to the agronomic traits of the peanut crop. The principal components analysis (PC) allowed a single distribution of accesses since only two eigenvalues were higher than “one”: the highest eigenvalues of 4.51 and 1.79, resulted in a Biplot that explained 70% of the original variability, 50.11% and 19.89% of which in the PC1 and PC2, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that high peanut yields in soils with low clay are correlated with the losses during the peanut mechanized harvesting operation.

ABSTRACT The quality control is used for the evaluation of processes and products, and it is important to detect and reduce variability and in operations management can be applied in mechanized harvesting of sugarcane billets. In this sense, this study aimed to identify critical quality indicators and, if necessary, to develop a continuous improvement plan for harvest of sugarcane billets. For the survey and definition of critical quality indicators the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) was applied, after the formation of the quality technical team. Evaluations of the collected variables were through control charts of individual values and the process capability indexes. There are 8 critical quality indicators in the billets harvesting process; the cutting height, the damage index, the percentage of non-viable buds and operating speed have greater importance for analysis due to the risk priority index and the easiness of obtaining data for analysis. The development of the improvement plan aims to reduce the variability due to crop billets, thus, making it able to perform the operation within the required quality standards.

RESUMO O preparo do solo realizado concomitantemente com sua fertilização química é a etapa mais importante na instalação de um canavial, visto que proporciona melhores condições para o desenvolvimento da cultura e incrementos na produtividade. Assim, objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar a resposta da cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de diferentes doses de fosfóro e sua localização, associados ao preparo convencional e ao cultivo mínimo do solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, sendo o tratamento principal o manejo de solo (preparo convencional e cultivo mínimo), o tratamento secundário as doses em área total, e o tratamento terciário as doses de P2O5 nos sulcos. Foram avaliados parâmetros químicos do solo, produtividade de colmos e açúcar. O cultivo mínimo proporcionou maior acúmulo de fósforo e maior percentual de saturação por bases na camada superficial do solo, enquanto que a maior dose de fósforo em área total gerou redução na produção de açúcar.

ABSTRACT Soil preparation along with its chemical adjustment is the most important step in sugarcane plantation, especially because it provides proper conditions for plant development. The objective of the present research was to evaluate sugarcane response to the application of different phosphorus doses and their location, associated with both minimum soil tillage and conventional soil tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split-split-plot randomized block design, where the main plots were subjected to soil managements (minimum soil tillage or conventional soil tillage), the subplots to phosphorus doses in total area, and the sub-sub-plots to phosphorus doses in the crop rows. The evaluated variables were soil chemical parameters, sugarcane production and sugar production. Minimum tillage led to larger phosphorus accumulation and higher percentage of exchangeable bases in the soil, whereas the highest P dose in total area in the crop rows led to reduction of sugar production.

ABSTRACT The digging of peanut, which has the pod production in the subsurface, is directly affected by soil conditions, physical or environmental characteristics, at the time of operation and may be the cause of unwanted losses. Therefore, the quality of the operation is very important for minimizing these losses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of mechanized digging operation of peanut according to three soil textural classes (Sandy, Medium and Loamy) and their water content conditions at operation through statistical process control. The experiment was conducted at three locations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, under sampling scheme arranged in tracks and 40 sampling points for each textural class of soil, using the mechanical digging variables as indicators of quality. We found that the mechanized digging operation in Sandy soil was the most critical, just meeting the specifications of quality indicators, reflecting higher losses and lower quality of the operation. Medium soil showed at the digging good and homogeneous conditions in relation to water content in soil and pods, and because it has favorable characteristics it obtained the lower total losses and higher quality of operation. Loamy soil showed satisfactory quality, meeting the specifications as well, but with poorer quality than the Medium Soil.

RESUMO: O grande desafio para a prática da aviação agrícola tem sido evitar acidentes. Ainda que haja progresso tecnológico e elevados recursos destinados à segurança, acidentes continuam acontecendo. O artigo analisa a influência e ocorrência dos fatores em acidentes aeroagrícolas ocorridos no Brasil recentemente. Com base em pesquisas e trabalhos técnico-científicos elaborados por pesquisadores e autoridades de aviação, são avaliadas as recomendações direcionadas para reduzir os riscos inerentes a esta modalidade de aviação. Os principais fatores responsáveis pelos acidentes normalmente são erros de operação, manobras e falta de manutenção que ocasionam colisões de voo, falhas do motor e perda de altitude. A qualificação e conscientização do profissional convergem para o sucesso do piloto aeroagrícola na detecção de perigos inerentes ou esporádicos nos diversos sistemas envolvidos.

ABSTRACT: The great challenge for the practice of agricultural aviation has been to avoid accidents. Although, there are technological progress and high resources for safety, accidents continue to occur. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence and occurrence of factors in agricultural aviation accidents in Brazil recently. Based on research and technical - scientific papers written by researchers and aviation authorities, recommendations directed towards reducing the risks associated with this aircraft modality are assessed. The main factors responsible for accidents are normally operational errors and maneuvers that cause flight collisions, engine failures and altitude loss. Professional awareness and qualification converge towards the success of the agricultural pilot in the detection of inherent dangers or occasional in the various systems involved.

RESUMO O sistema plantio direto é uma prática conservacionista que visa a uma maior sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo, podendo ser reproduzida em grandes extensões de área. O cultivo de milho em consórcio com forrageiras do gênero Urochloa vem se mostrando rentável e compatível, visando tanto à produção de palhada como à de grãos. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de milho e de plantas de cobertura vegetal, em diferentes espaçamentos do milho e modalidades de semeadura da forrageira, no sistema plantio direto. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 2, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois espaçamentos da cultura do milho (0,45 m e 0,90 m) e três modalidades de consórcio de Urochloa ruziziensis com milho (Urochloa semeada na linha; Urochloa semeada a lanço junto à semeadura do milho e Urochloa semeada a lanço no estádio V4 do milho) + testemunhas (milho solteiro em dois espaçamentos). O consórcio de milho (0,90 m) com Urochloa ruziziensis na linha de semeadura proporcionou melhores resultados de produção de grãos, sem interferir na produção de massa seca da planta de Urochloa.

ABSTRACT The no-tillage system is a conservation practice that seeks greater sustainability of the production system and can be replicated in large land areas. Maize intercropped with forages of the Urochloa genus has proven to be profitable and suitable for targeting both the straw and grain production. This study aimed at evaluating maize yield and cover plants, using different maize row spacings and forage seeding methods, under a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 2 x 3 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of two maize row spacings (0.45 m and 0.90 m) intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis, using three different methods (Urochloa sown in the row, Urochloa sown by hauling soon after maize was sown and Urochloa sown during the maize V4 growth stage) + controls (only maize at two spacings). The intercropping between maize spaced 0.90 m with Urochloa ruziziensis in the sowing row provided better grain yield results without interfering with the Urochloa dry matter production.

RESUMO O controle estatístico de processo aplicado em operações agrícolas mecanizadas representa uma nova maneira de avaliar a qualidade com que as operações são realizadas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se neste trabalho comparar três tipos de ferramentas do controle estatístico de processo aplicadas às perdas na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar, para determinar qual o melhor modelo de carta de controle a ser utilizado para este indicador de qualidade. O monitoramento das perdas na colheita mecanizada foi realizado diariamente nas áreas agrícolas, de uma unidade produtora na região do Triângulo Mineiro - MG, durante o período de 70 dias, na safra de 2014. Ao final do período de avaliação, foram coletados 194 pontos amostrais no total, para cada tipo de perda analisado. As cartas de controle utilizadas foram: carta de valores individuais, média móvel e média móvel exponencialmente ponderada. Os indicadores de qualidade avaliados durante a colheita de cana-de-açúcar foram as perdas do tipo: rebolo inteiro, tocos, pedaço fixo, cana inteira, lascas, pedaços soltos e totais. A carta de controle de valores individuais é a melhor opção para o monitoramento das perdas na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar, por apresentar maior facilidade na interpretação dos resultados, em relação às demais.

ABSTRACT Statistical process control in mechanized farming is a new way to assess operation quality. In this sense, we aimed to compare three statistical process control tools applied to losses in sugarcane mechanical harvesting to determine the best control chart template for this quality indicator. Losses were daily monitored in farms located within Triângulo Mineiro region, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. They were carried over a period of 70 days in the 2014 harvest. At the end of the evaluation period, 194 samples were collected in total for each type of loss. The control charts used were individual values chart, moving average and exponentially weighted moving average. The quality indicators assessed during sugarcane harvest were the following loss types: full grinding wheel, stumps, fixed piece, whole cane, chips, loose piece and total losses. The control chart of individual values is the best option for monitoring losses in sugarcane mechanical harvesting, as it is of easier result interpretation, in comparison to the others.

RESUMO A operação de colheita mecanizada de sementes demanda que as regulagens das colhedoras sejam dinâmicas, fato que afeta diretamente a qualidade da operação e dos grãos colhidos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi monitorar, em intervalos regulares de tempo, a qualidade da operação de colheita de sementes de soja realizada simultaneamente por duas colhedoras de grãos, com emprego do controle estatístico de qualidade (CEQ). O trabalho foi realizado em um campo de produção de sementes na região de Catalão, GO, onde foram monitorados o desempenho operacional das colhedoras, as perdas quantitativas na colheita e as perdas qualitativas das sementes. Observou-se que as colhedoras monitoradas operaram em condições semelhantes porém as regulagens na folga do cilindro e na rotação do rotor otimizaram os índices de perdas mantendo a qualidade das sementes colhidas. Assim, todos os índices de perda avaliados, tanto as perdas quantitativas como os valores das perdas qualitativas, se encontraram dentro dos limites de controle estatístico o que permite se atribuir qualidade e confiabilidade para a operação de colheita mecanizada de sementes.

ABSTRACT The mechanized operation of harvesting seeds demands that the adjustments of harvesters should be dynamic, which directly affects the quality of the operation and the harvested grain. Thus, the objective of this study was to monitor, at regular intervals of time, the quality operation of harvesting of soybean seeds held simultaneously by two combine harvesters, with use of statistical control quality (SCQ). The study was conducted in a field of seed production in the region of Catalan, GO, Brazil, where the operational performance of harvesters, quantitative crop losses and qualitative losses of seeds were monitored. It was observed that the monitored harvesters were operated under similar conditions, but the adjustments in the cylinder and in the rotor rotation optimized the indexes of losses, maintaining the quality of harvested seeds. Thus, all evaluated indexes of losses both quantitative losses as the values of qualitative losses were within the limits of statistical control, which allows assigning quality and reliability for operation of mechanized harvesting of seeds.

RESUMO A mecanização da cultura do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) vem evoluindo ao longo dos anos, todavia ainda existem empecilhos que afetam a qualidade das operações mecanizadas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o desempenho da semeadura mecanizada de amendoim em função de densidades de semeadura (10; 14 e 18 sementes m-1) e tamanhos de sementes (21 e 23 mm). Observou-se que, para as sementes de 23 mm, o número médio de dias para emergência foi menor, e a porcentagem de emergência superior, ocorrendo o contrário para a densidade de semeadura de 18 sementes m-1. Quanto maior a densidade de semeadura, maior foi a população de plantas, sendo que a semente de 23 mm obteve os melhores resultados, em que a mesma, na densidade de semeadura de 14 sementes m-1, apresentou alta porcentagem de espaçamentos normais. As densidades de 14 e 18 sementes m-1 refletiram em maiores produtividades, sendo sempre superior para as sementes de 23 mm.

ABSTRACT Peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.) mechanization has been improved over the years; however there are drawbacks that affect the quality of operations. Thus, this article’s objectives were to evaluate the operational performance of the mechanized sowing of peanut crop according to seeding densities (10, 14, and 18 seeds m-1) and seed sizes (21 and 23 mm). It was observed that the seeds of 23 mm had shorter average number of days to emergence and a higher percentage of emergences, occurring the opposite to the seeding density of 18 seeds m-1. The higher the seeding density, the largest was the plant stand, whereas the 23 mm seed obtained the best results and the same with the seeding density of 14 seeds m-1 that had a higher percentage of normal spacing. The densities of 14 and 18 seeds m-1 reflected in higher yields, being always superior to the 23 mm seeds.