ABSTRACT Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of death and disability with a huge economic burden worldwide. Cerebrolysin (CBL) has been previously used as a nootropic drug. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the precise role of necroptosis in CBL neuroprotection following ICH has not been confirmed. Methods: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential molecular mechanisms of CBL in ICH-induced early brain injury (EBI) by regulating neural necroptosis in the C57BL/6 mice model. Mortality, neurological score, brain water content, and neuronal death were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Evans blue extravasation, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The results show that CBL treatment markedly increased the survival rate, neurological score, and neuron survival, and downregulated the protein expression of RIP1 and RIP3, which indicated that CBL-mediated inhibition of necroptosis, and ameliorated neuronal death after ICH. The neuroprotective capacity of CBL is partly dependent on the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Conclusions: CBL improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural necroptosis.

ABSTRACT In this paper, the zinc carbonate hydroxide (Zn5(OH) 6(CO2)2, ZCHO) was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method assisted chitosan (CS). The as-prepared product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Results indicated that every micro-sized ZCHO particle had a multi-layered structure and was composed of many ZCHO nanoplates. The used CS played the role of the template in the formation of well multi-layered ZCHO particles. TG measurements had further indicated that the remained content of CS in the as-prepared ZCHO powders was about 8 Wt.%. The adsorption isotherm results showed that the ZCHO powders with CS exhibited massive removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution at room temperature. The equilibrium adsorption was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Based on the above experimental results, the possible removal mechanism of Cu2+ by the multi-layered ZCHO was proposed.