SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.

Abstract Microbial fermentation can be responsible for flavor production and increasing the nutritional quality of fermented fish foods. The study aimed to isolate non-halophilic bacteria possessing proteolysis and lipolysis properties as starter cultures for low-salt content fermentation of coarse fish. The strains with high enzyme activities were screened and multiple growth characteristics were analyzed. The content of amino acid nitrogen and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides in fermented fish was also investigated under different fermentation conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis was utilized to monitor the metabolite profile of fermented fish paste. The isolate was identified as Bacillus velezensis DZ11. The strain DZ11 exhibited obvious hydrolysis properties of lipids and proteins. During the fermentation of fish paste, a total of 40 differential metabolites were identified, of which multiple metabolites changed significantly, including nutrient-related substances and flavor precursors. Salt concentration and strain DZ11 had important effects on the differential metabolites. B. velezensis DZ11 under longer fermentation time promoted the formation of flavor precursors and potentially increased the nutritional substances of low-salt fermented fish.

SUMMARY: To investigate the correlation between the anatomical morphology of palatal rugae and sex. The study sample consisted of 120 students studying from Shanxi Medical University, of which 60 were females and 60 were males. The digital model of the palatal rugae was obtained by the 3 Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner. And the shapes of palatal rugae were recorded. Association between palatal rugae shape and sex were tested using Chi-square analysis. And logistic regression analysis (LRA) was carried out to calculate the accuracy of gender prediction using rugae shapes. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females in terms of the distribution of wavy and circular palate rugae. The use of logistic regression analysis obtained a sex predictive value of 65 % when all the rugae shapes were analyzed. Digital images of the palatal rugae morphology contribute to more accurate and convenient for data collection and transformation. It was found that rugae patterns can moderately identify the sex of the specific population when multivariate statistics such as LRA is applied. The palatal rugae morphology can be utilized as an assistant measure for sex identification.

RESUMEN: Investigar la correlación entre la morfología anatómica de las rugas palatinas y el sexo. En la muestra de este estudio se incluyeron 120 estudiantes de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi, (60 mujeres y 60 hombres). El modelo digital de las rugas palatinas se obtuvo mediante escáner intraoral 3 Shape TRIOS, y se registraron las formas de las rugas palatinas. La asociación entre la forma de las rugas palatinas y el sexo se evaluó mediante un análisis de Chi-cuadrado; para calcular la precisión de la predicción de sexo se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión logística (ARL) Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre hombres y mujeres en términos de la distribución de las rugas palatinas onduladas y circulares. El uso de análisis de regresión logística obtuvo un valor predictivo de sexo del 65 % cuando se analizaron todas las formas de las rugas. Las imágenes digitales de la morfología de las rugas palatinas contribuyen a una recopilación de datos más precisa. En este análisis se determinó que los patrones de rugas pueden identificar relativamente el sexo de una población específica, cuando se aplican estadísticas multivariadas como ARL. La morfología de las rugas palatinas se puede utilizar como medida de ayuda para la identificación de sexo.

Abstract The eutectic point and drying curve of food multicomponent materials are the key to improve the efficiency of freeze-drying.The eutectic point, co-melting point, pre-freezing time, heating temperature and freeze-drying curve of Tremella fuciformis containing sucrose were investigated. The eutectic point and co-melting point temperature of materials were - 15.49 °C and - 8.35 °C respectively measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At the pre-freezing temperature of -25 °C for 3.5 h, the moisture of the sample was completely transformed into glassy ice. Different heating temperatures were set in sections during the drying process of multicomponent materials. The best heating temperature was 80°C for 3 hours, then 70 °C for 5 hours, then 60 °C for 12 hours, and finally 50 °C to constant dryness. Under the optimal operating conditions, Tremella fuciformis entered the desorption drying stage at the 8th hour, and the material could be dried to less than 5% moisture content at 25 h.

Abstract Hypsizygus marmoreus is a kind of edible fungus with high nutritional value. This investigation evaluated the influence of Hypsizygus marmoreus powder on the quality characteristics of noodles. The cooking time, cooked breaking ratio, cooking loss rate, color difference value, texture and sensory of noodles were measured. The addition of 4% to 20% mass fraction of mushroom powder had no significant effect on the cooking time and hardness of the noodles. The cooked breaking ratio of noodles increased from 0% to 13.27%, the cooking loss rate increased from 3.47% to 10.73%, the color difference value increased from 18.23 to 23.58, and the chewing hardness increased from 4569.66 g to 5888.68 g, with the mass fraction of mushroom powder increased from 0% to 20%. The sensory of noodles with 4% mushroom powder is the best. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the further processing of Hypsizygus marmoreus.

Abstract To study the effect of okra aqueous extract on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats. Taking normal SD rats as CK group, diabetic rats induced by 40 mg/(kg•bw) streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally as M group, normal and diabetic rats gavaged with 500 mg/(kg•bw) okra aqueous extract were CKO and MO groups,respectively. The bacterial flora of the cecum contents of rats was analyzed with 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing after 8 weeks of the experiment. Compared with CK, M increased Firmicutes 14.00% and decreased Proteobacteria 19.32% (P <0.01). Compared with M, MO down-regulated Lachnospiraceae 2.64% (such as Blautia, Anaerostipes), up-regulated Peptostreptococcaceae 1.20% in Firmicutes, and down-regulated Desulfovibrioceae 3.78% (such as Desulfovibrio) and up-regulated Burkholderia 5.24% (such as Parasutterella) in Proteobacteria. It is worth noting that MO up-regulated Christensenellaceae (LDA>4), which was negatively correlated with body mass index, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. The okra aqueous extract reverses the changes of the intestinal flora of STZ-induced diabetic rats, which decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria by down-regulating Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, up-regulating Burkholderiaceae, Christensenellaceae. The okra aqueous extract has the potential as a functional food with regulating intestinal microecology balance of diabetes.

Abstract Pickering emulsions stabilized by polysaccharide particles have attracted extensive research interest in the food, biopharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their ability to edibility, protect bioactive substances, and control the release of bioactive substances. This paper reviewed research progress in using natural polysaccharides, modified polysaccharides by physical or chemical method and polysaccharide complexes as particles to form and stabilize Pickering emulsions. In particular, the application of Pickering emulsions stabilized polysaccharide particles in encapsulation and delivery of food bioactive ingredients, fat substitutes, and modulation of lipid digestion, was discussed. Finally, the future prospects of Pickering emulsions stabilized by polysaccharide particles were discussed.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem with a huge economic burden worldwide. Ulinastatin (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and organ protection by reducing reactive oxygen species production, and inflammation. Necroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that plays a vital role in neuronal cell death after ICH. However, the neuroprotection of UTI in ICH has not been confirmed, and the potential mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of UTI in ICH-induced EBI in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Methods: The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. The anti-inflammation effectiveness of UTI in ICH patients also was evaluated. Results: UTI treatment markedly increased the neurological score, alleviate the brain edema, decreased the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL‑6, NF‑κB levels, and RIP1/RIP3, which indicated that UTI-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation, and necroptosis alleviated neuronal damage after ICH. UTI also can decrease the inflammatory cytokine of ICH patients. The neuroprotective capacity of UTI is partly dependent on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: UTI improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural neuroinflammation, and necroptosis.

Resumo A psicologia cultural da educação se esforça para compreender a posição do indivíduo em desenvolvimento. Este artigo procura interpretar a missão e a visão da psicologia cultural da educação no contexto da sociedade moderna, tendo em perspectiva uma tendência social individualizada e tecnomecanista. O conceito de “indivíduo contextualizado” é proposto como um aporte para conceituar a dependência relacional e contextual do sujeito em desenvolvimento. O artigo também reinterpreta Li e Xu “Pesquisa em psicologia do desenvolvimento baseada na prática educacional na China” de 2018, como um exemplo para explorar de que modo é possível utilizar a estrutura do “indivíduo contextualizado” para orientar pesquisas educacionais e estudos de intervenção, possibilitando generalizações teóricas em um ambiente educacional local.

Abstract Cultural psychology of education strives to understand the locality of the developing individual. This article tries to interpret the mission and vision of the cultural psychology of education in the background of modern society, with individualizing and techno-mechanistic social trends as its prominent feature. The concept of “contextualized individual” is proposed as a potential framework to conceptualize the relational and contextual dependence of the developing subject. The article also re-interprets Li and Xu’s 2018 paper “Developmental Psychology Research Based on Educational Practice in China” to explore how to use the framework of the “contextualized individual” to theoretically channel and generalize educational researches and interventional studies in a local educational setting.

Abstract The classification algorithms of different peanut varieties were studied based on hyperspectral imaging technology. Firstly, the spectral images of five peanut species were collected by hyperspectral instrument produced by Zhuolihanguang Co., LTD. Then SpacVIEW was used to correct the spectral images in black and white, and ENVI5.1 was used to extract the interest in the spectral image of each peanut and calculate the mean spectral reflection value of the region. The spectral characteristic curves of the five peanut samples all showed certain differences, which lays a foundation for the feasibility of modeling in the next step. In order to eliminate the influence of non-quality factor information in hyperspectral spectral data, a variety of data preprocessing methods were used to eliminate noise in the original spectral data, and XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost and GBDT algorithms were used to extract feature bands. XGBoost and LightGBM were then used for classification modeling of extracted feature bands. In the classification model, both XGBoost and LightGBM can reach 99.33%, while other performance evaluation indexes cannot distinguish these two models well. Therefore, Optuna algorithm was selected to optimize the two algorithms respectively. After optimization, both LightGBM and XGBoost have improved to varying degrees, but LightGBM is relatively obvious, especially in fit_time, which is 11 times faster than XGBoost and 16 times faster than before optimization. Therefore, the best classification algorithm selected in this study is MF-LightGBM-LightGBM-Optuna-LightGBM. The research of peanut classification method provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the revitalization of rural industry, the integration of peanut agriculture and industry and the acceleration of the modernization of agricultural industry system, production system and management system.

Abstract Ergothioneine and selenium are biologically active substances that maintain human health. In order to increase the content of ergothioneine and selenium in the submerged fermentation products of Pleurotus eryngii, the non-nutritive culture conditions of submerged fermentation were investigated. When the concentration of sodium selenite was 3 μg/mL, the selenum conversion efficiency (94.78%) was the highest and the dry weight was the highest. The pH value of culture medium, shaking speed, culture temperature, inoculation amount and culture time affected the dry weight of fermentation, the content of ergothionein and selenium. The optimal culture conditions were optimized by single factor experiment as follows: pH 5.5 (natural), rotation speed 180 r/min, culture temperature 26 °C, inoculation amount 10%, and culture time 7 d. Under these conditions, the dry weight of Pleurotus eryngii fermentation product was 38.97 g/L, the ergothioneine content was 39.42 mg/L, and the bioconversion efficiency of selenium reached 84.63%.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the effect of different gastrointestinal reconstruction techniques on laparoscopic distal gastrectomy of gastric cancer on the nutritional and anemia status, and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Methods: Eligible patients were randomly divided into three groups (n=36/group): Billroth I anastomosis group, Billroth II combined with Braun anastomosis group, and Roux-en-Y anastomosis group. Related indicators were compared and analyzed. Results: The general data were comparable among the three groups (all P>0.05). Among the surgical-related indicators and postoperative recovery indicators, only the comparison of the operation time was statistically significant (P=0.004). The follow-up time was 5~36 months (average 27.9 months). In terms of nutritional and anemia indicators, only the differences in the levels of prealbumin, hemoglobin and serum ferritin in 24 months after operation showed significant differences (P=0.015, P=0.003, P=0.005, respectively). There were no significant differences in hospital readmission rate, overall survival, and QoL among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: In laparoscopic gastrectomy for stage II~III distal gastric cancer, Billroth I anastomosis has shorter operation time than Billroth II combined with Braun anastomosis and Roux-en-Y anastomosis and advantages in the improvement of nutritional status and anemia recovery.

Abstract Polysaccharides and anthocyanins are one of the main components of many foods, and their interaction affects the texture and nutrition of foods. The anthocyanin-polysaccharide complex was prepared from anthocyanin of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Furong) and polysaccharide of Tremella fuciformis. The structure changes of anthocyanin and polysaccharide before and after interaction were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The absorption peak at 510 nm of anthocyanin-polysaccharide complex weakened at pH 5.0, and the intensity of absorption spectrum increased with the concentration of polysaccharide. The absorption peaks of anthocyanin-polysaccharide complexes were shifted in the infrared spectral curve of anthocyanin, and the formation of complex was caused by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction between anthocyanin and polysaccharide. From microstructural analysis, anthocyanin and polysaccharide were effectively bound together. This can provide theoretical guidance for the structural design of anthocyanin-polysaccharide food and the development and utilization of new food ingredients.

Abstract In order to realize the rapid nondestructive detection of mildew peanut in the process of peanuts storage, hyperspectral imaging technology was proposed to detect mildew peanut. A total of 200 peanuts were selected from 5 kinds of peanuts purchased in the market for moldy treatment, and the remaining 400 peanuts were kept sterile. After completion, samples were collected with a hyperspectral instrument to obtain spectral data of the samples. According to the characteristics of the data, 10 pre-processing algorithms were used to de-noise the data, and Median Filtering (MF) had the best effect, with the recognition accuracy reaching 97.7%. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to extract important feature bands in the spectral data pre-processed by MF. GBDT, LightGBM, CatBoost and XGBoost algorithms were used to model the extracted feature bands. The results showed that LightGBM is the best algorithm with a detection rate of 99.10%. Optuna algorithm was used to tune its parameters. Compared with the previous model, the running time of the optimized model was improved by about 0.25 s. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging provides an efficient and nondestructive method for detecting mildew in peanut storage.