Abstract While presence of meaning in life (i.e., presence) is associated with a plethora of desirable qualities (e.g., greater well-being, longevity, positive affect), search for meaning is associated with psychological distress (e.g., reports of conflict, rumination, depression; Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009). Individuals with higher resiliency, defined as a multifaceted competency in adapting and recovering from adversity, could potentially mitigate the distress associated with search, and thus, achieve greater satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study examined the moderating role of meaning in life between resiliency (i.e., sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) and SWL in a sample of Canadian university students (N = 289). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that there was a positive association between resiliency and SWL and this association was stronger at higher levels compared to lower levels of search for meaning. These results suggest that individuals searching for meaning with high levels of mastery have the greatest SWL, while their counterparts with low mastery have the lowest SWL. Similar moderating effects of search were found with the positive association between sense of relatedness and SWL. Overall, findings suggest that protective factors in resiliency may buffer against the potential negative impact of search.

RESUMO: O estilo de Winnicott e suas implicações: um estudo sobre autenticidade, filiação e influência em psicanálise. O artigo se propõe a abordar as consequências do estilo de Winnicott para sua produção e para a psicanálise inspirada por seu trabalho. Discute-se, nesse enquadre, as possibilidade e entraves para uma apropriação do trabalho de Winnicott e a complexa relação de sua obra com o dogmatismo, a formação e a inovação.

ABSTRACT: The article focuses on the consequences of Winnicott's style for his work and for the psychoanalysis inspired by his work. Within this framework, the article discusses possibilities and deadlocks for an appropriation of Winnicott's work and the complex relation between his work and dogmatism, formation, innovation and filiation.

Dois estágios de desenvolvimento a saber: conídio (C) e micélio (M) em 10 linhagens de Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae e 2 M. anisopliae var. majus, foram estudados em dois diferentes meios de cultivos, minimo (MM) e completo (MC). As linhagens apresentaram-se similares quanto a porcentagem de lipídios totais, porém submetidas ao teste de Tukey, as médias dos conteúdos de lipídios do conídio (C) e do micélio (M) cultivados em meio MM e CM respectivamente, mostraram diferença significativa ao nível de 5% , indicando assim variabilidade para a produção de lipídios totais. As linhagens 5 e 7, ambas da var. majus, não apresentam diferenças mensuráveis da variedade anisopliae. Com os ácidos graxos C18:1 e C18:2 oléico e linoléico respectivamente, as diferenças foram todas altamente significativas (p= 1%) com a mais alta média de C18:1 para conídio e C18:2 para micélio.

Two growth stages, conidia (C) and mycelium (M), and two media, minimal medium (MM) and complete medium (MC), were compared in 10 strains of M. anisopliae, and two strains of M. anisopliae var. majus were similar in percentages of total lipids. Tukey test for average of lipid content in conidia (C) and mycelia (M) cultured on minimal (MM) and complete (MC) media showed significant differences between means at the 5% level for mycelia and conidia, indicating variability in total lipid production and storage during growth. Strains 5 and 7, both variety majus, did not present sizable differences from variety anisopliae. For fatty acids, C18:1 and C18:2, oleic and linoleic, respectively, the differences were all highly significant (p= 1%) with the highest means being obtained for conidia for fatty acid C18:1 and for myclelia for fatty acid C18:2.

Casos atípicos de P. vivax relatados no Município de Manaus nos levou a detectar um isolado genético de P. vivax. Regiões variáveis do SSUrRNA foram examinadas no momento inicial da infecção e nas duas recrudescências de um mesmo paciente exibindo recrudescência/recidiva à cloroquina e primaquina. Um único isolado, encontrado em todos os estágios da infecção, sugere a presença de uma expansão clonal.

Atypical P. vivax cases reported in Manaus municipality led us to detect a genetic isolate of P. vivax. Variable regions of SSUrRNA were examined from the initial time of infection and in the two recrudescences/relapses from a patient exhibiting chloroquine and primaquine resistance. A unique isolate, found at all stages of infection, suggests the presence of a clonal expansion.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional relativo a vitamina A e a associação entre diarréia e os níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A e RBP através de um estudo transversal. A vitamina A foi medida pelo método de Neeld & Pearson e RBP pela técnica de imunodifusão radial. Foram estudadas 78 crianças (com idades entre 18 e 119 meses), 26 com diarréia e 52 como controles, atendidas na consulta ambulatorial do Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, da Cidade de São Paulo. As crianças com diarréia mostraram níveis significativamente mais baixos de vitamina A (15.87 ± 1.4 µg/dl vs. 21.14 ± 1.15 µg/dl, p< 0.007) e RBP (1.70 ± 0.2 mg/dl v.s 2.52 ± 0.11 mg/dl) quando comparadas com as do grupo controle. As análises de regressão logística mostraram associação entre diarréia e níveis inadequados de vitamina A e RBP ajustados pelo sexo, idade, estado nutricional e nível de educação materna.

The objective of this study was to assess vitamin A status and association between acute diarrhoea and plasma levels of vitamin A through cross-sectional comparison in children. Plasma vitamin A was measured by colorimetric method of Neeld & Pearson and RBP by radial immunodiffusion technique. Seventy eight children (aged 18-119 months), 26 with current history of diarrhoea and 52 children as controls (outpatient from the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital in metropolitan area of São Paulo City, Brazil) were studied. Children with history of diarrhoea showed significant low levels (mean ± s.e.) as compared to controls, vitamin A (15.87 ± 1.4 µg/dl vs. 21.14 ± 1.15 µg/dl, p < 0.007) and RBP (1.70 ± 0.2 mg/dl vs. 2.52 ±0.11 mg/dl). Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by sex, age, nutritional status and mother education revealed association between diarrhoea and inadequate levels of vitamin A and RBP.

Realizou-se levantamento da prevalência de dislipidemias e alguns fatores de risco (hipertensão, obesidade e alcoolismo), em uma população típica da periferia do Município de São Paulo, SP (Brasil). A prevalência de um ou mais fatores de risco foi maior do que 50% em todos os grupos etários. No que concerne às dislipidemias propriamente ditas, foi de aproximadamente 49%, 58% e 57% nos grupos etários de 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59 anos e 60 anos e mais, respectivamente. A dislipidemia mais freqüente foi devido a baixos níveis de HDL-colesterol, principalmente nos mais jovens, entre 29 e 39 anos. Nos outros dois grupos etários houve prevalência maior de "outras dislipidemias". A obesidade isolada ou associada foi o fator de risco mais relevante na população estudada. Levanta-se a hipótese de que as dislipidemias podem constituir-se em grave problema de Saúde Pública nas populações periféricas da cidade de São Paulo.

A survey of the prevalence of lipemic disorders and some risk factors associated with them (obesity, hypertension and alcoholism), in a representative sample of the population of 20 years of age and over in a locality typical of the peripheral zone of the Greater S. Paulo Region, Brazil, both in terms of the poverty of the population and with regard to the lack of public sources such as sewage, transport and housing, is undertaken. The following results were obtained: a) the prevalence of one risk factor was of about 55%, and of two or more associated risk factors was of approximately 9% in the age group from 20 to 39. There was found to be a prevalence of about 51% and 57%, respectively of two or more associated risk factors for the age groups from 40 to 59 and 60 years of age and over; b) the prevalence of lipemic disorders proper was of about 49%, 58% and 57% respectively, for the age groups of 20 to 39, 40 to 59 and 60 years of age and over. In these cases the most prevalent risk factors among men were alcoholism and hypertension, either isolatedly or associated with obesity, and among women the most prevalent was obesity, alone or associated with hypertension; c) the most prevalent lipemic disorder was due to HDL-cholesterol, mainly among the younger people. The prevalence lower-than-normal HDL-cholesterol, was of about 28% and of "other lipemic disorders" was of 22% in the age group between 20 and 39 years of age. For those between 40 and 59 years of age the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol and "other lipemic disorders" was of about 20% and 38% respectively. Among those above 60 years of age, the prevalence of HDL-cholesterol below normal was of about 7% and "other lipemic disorders" was of aproximately 50%; d) obesity whether isolated or associated, was the most significant with higher "prevalence risk ratio". The lipemic disorders and risk factors studied probably represent a severe public health problem for the population of the peripheral zone of the city of S. Paulo.

Realizou-se levantamento da prevalência de dislipidemias e alguns fatores de risco (hipertensão, obesidade e alcoolismo), em uma população típica da periferia do Município de São Paulo, SP (Brasil). A prevalência de um ou mais fatores de risco foi maior do que 50% em todos os grupos etários. No que concerne às dislipidemias propriamente ditas, foi de aproximadamente 49%, 58% e 57% nos grupos etários de 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59 anos e 60 anos e mais, respectivamente. A dislipidemia mais freqüente foi devido a baixos níveis de HDL-colesterol, principalmente nos mais jovens, entre 29 e 39 anos. Nos outros dois grupos etários houve prevalência maior de "outras dislipidemias". A obesidade isolada ou associada foi o fator de risco mais relevante na população estudada. Levanta-se a hipótese de que as dislipidemias podem constituir-se em grave problema de Saúde Pública nas populações periféricas da cidade de São Paulo.

A survey of the prevalence of lipemic disorders and some risk factors associated with them (obesity, hypertension and alcoholism), in a representative sample of the population of 20 years of age and over in a locality typical of the peripheral zone of the Greater S. Paulo Region, Brazil, both in terms of the poverty of the population and with regard to the lack of public sources such as sewage, transport and housing, is undertaken. The following results were obtained: a) the prevalence of one risk factor was of about 55%, and of two or more associated risk factors was of approximately 9% in the age group from 20 to 39. There was found to be a prevalence of about 51% and 57%, respectively of two or more associated risk factors for the age groups from 40 to 59 and 60 years of age and over; b) the prevalence of lipemic disorders proper was of about 49%, 58% and 57% respectively, for the age groups of 20 to 39, 40 to 59 and 60 years of age and over. In these cases the most prevalent risk factors among men were alcoholism and hypertension, either isolatedly or associated with obesity, and among women the most prevalent was obesity, alone or associated with hypertension; c) the most prevalent lipemic disorder was due to HDL-cholesterol, mainly among the younger people. The prevalence lower-than-normal HDL-cholesterol, was of about 28% and of "other lipemic disorders" was of 22% in the age group between 20 and 39 years of age. For those between 40 and 59 years of age the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol and "other lipemic disorders" was of about 20% and 38% respectively. Among those above 60 years of age, the prevalence of HDL-cholesterol below normal was of about 7% and "other lipemic disorders" was of aproximately 50%; d) obesity whether isolated or associated, was the most significant with higher "prevalence risk ratio". The lipemic disorders and risk factors studied probably represent a severe public health problem for the population of the peripheral zone of the city of S. Paulo.

Demonstrou-se o valor do corante vital Rosa Bengala no diagnóstico da xerose conjuntival e determinou-se a prevalência de lesões oculares devidas à hipovitaminose A. Estudou-se uma amostra representativa (501 crianças) da população de 3 a 6 anos do Município de Cotia, SP (Brasil). Realizaram-se exames com e sem o uso de Rosa Bengala nas 501 crianças. As positivas para qualquer das técnicas foram submetidas a prova terapêutica (200.000 UI de vitamina A oral). Examinaram-se as córneas com fluoresceína, quando necessário. Realizou-se dosagem de vitamina A pelo método de Carr-Price. Não se observaram outras lesões, além de xerose conjuntival. Verificou-se que as prevalências de resultados positivos foram de 10,0% sem Rosa Bengala e 18,2% com o corante. As provas terapêuticas revelaram sensibilidade e especificidade baixas para o exame sem Rosa Bengala (18,5% e 14,3%, respectivamente) e altas para o exame com Rosa Bengala (81,5% e 89,0%, respectivamente), o que o indica como método diagnóstico auxiliar para provas de triagem.

The present paper was designed to demonstrate the value of Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of conjunctival xerosis and at the same time determine the prevalence of ocular lesions due to vitamin A deficiency. A representative sample (501 children) between 3 and 6 years of age drawn from the population of the city of Cotia, SP, Brazil, was studied. Ocular examinations with and without the aid of Rose Bengal were performed on the 501 children. Those that presented positive results were submitted to a therapeutic test (200.000 IU of vitamin A orally). Whenever necessary corneae were examined with fluorescein. Vitamin A blood levels were determined by the Carr-Price method. No lesions beyond conjunctival xerosis were found. Examinations performed without the aid of Rose Bengal rendered 10.0% positive results whereas Rose Bengal tests rendered 18.2% positive results. Therapeutic tests showed low sensitivity and low specificity for the examinations without Rose Bengal (18.5% and 14.3%, respectively) and high sensitivity and specificity for examinations performed with Rose Bengal (81.5% and 89.0%, respectively). Based on our results the ocular examinations without the aid of Rose Bengal are not recommended for screening tests, whereas those performed with Rose Bengal are.

Demonstrou-se o valor do corante vital Rosa Bengala no diagnóstico da xerose conjuntival e determinou-se a prevalência de lesões oculares devidas à hipovitaminose A. Estudou-se uma amostra representativa (501 crianças) da população de 3 a 6 anos do Município de Cotia, SP (Brasil). Realizaram-se exames com e sem o uso de Rosa Bengala nas 501 crianças. As positivas para qualquer das técnicas foram submetidas a prova terapêutica (200.000 UI de vitamina A oral). Examinaram-se as córneas com fluoresceína, quando necessário. Realizou-se dosagem de vitamina A pelo método de Carr-Price. Não se observaram outras lesões, além de xerose conjuntival. Verificou-se que as prevalências de resultados positivos foram de 10,0% sem Rosa Bengala e 18,2% com o corante. As provas terapêuticas revelaram sensibilidade e especificidade baixas para o exame sem Rosa Bengala (18,5% e 14,3%, respectivamente) e altas para o exame com Rosa Bengala (81,5% e 89,0%, respectivamente), o que o indica como método diagnóstico auxiliar para provas de triagem.

The present paper was designed to demonstrate the value of Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of conjunctival xerosis and at the same time determine the prevalence of ocular lesions due to vitamin A deficiency. A representative sample (501 children) between 3 and 6 years of age drawn from the population of the city of Cotia, SP, Brazil, was studied. Ocular examinations with and without the aid of Rose Bengal were performed on the 501 children. Those that presented positive results were submitted to a therapeutic test (200.000 IU of vitamin A orally). Whenever necessary corneae were examined with fluorescein. Vitamin A blood levels were determined by the Carr-Price method. No lesions beyond conjunctival xerosis were found. Examinations performed without the aid of Rose Bengal rendered 10.0% positive results whereas Rose Bengal tests rendered 18.2% positive results. Therapeutic tests showed low sensitivity and low specificity for the examinations without Rose Bengal (18.5% and 14.3%, respectively) and high sensitivity and specificity for examinations performed with Rose Bengal (81.5% and 89.0%, respectively). Based on our results the ocular examinations without the aid of Rose Bengal are not recommended for screening tests, whereas those performed with Rose Bengal are.

Foram realizadas dosagens de vitamina A e caroteno plasmáticos em 362 pré-escolares de 3 a 6 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do Município de Cotia, situado a 34 km de São Paulo, SP (Brasil), usando-se amostra representativa. O método utilizado foi o de Carr-Price e os critérios de classificação dos resultados foram propostos pelo "Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense" (ICNND). A prevalência de hipovitaminose A em nível bioquímico foi de 30,2%.

Three-hundred and sixty-two preschool children between the ages of three and six years were examined for plasma levels of vitamin A and carotene. All were residents of the urban area of the city of Cotia, thirty-four km from S. Paulo, Brazil. A representative sample was taken for the purpose. The Carr-Price laboratory method was used as were the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND) criteria for classifying results. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at biochemical level was 30.2%.

Foram realizadas dosagens de vitamina A e caroteno plasmáticos em 362 pré-escolares de 3 a 6 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do Município de Cotia, situado a 34 km de São Paulo, SP (Brasil), usando-se amostra representativa. O método utilizado foi o de Carr-Price e os critérios de classificação dos resultados foram propostos pelo "Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense" (ICNND). A prevalência de hipovitaminose A em nível bioquímico foi de 30,2%.

Three-hundred and sixty-two preschool children between the ages of three and six years were examined for plasma levels of vitamin A and carotene. All were residents of the urban area of the city of Cotia, thirty-four km from S. Paulo, Brazil. A representative sample was taken for the purpose. The Carr-Price laboratory method was used as were the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND) criteria for classifying results. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at biochemical level was 30.2%.

Estudou-se o estado nutricional, em relação à vitamina A, de crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade, internadas em uma instituição para menores. Foram realizados exames clínicos e bioquímicos. Os exames clínicos revelaram alta prevalência de xerose cutânea (75,8%) e prevalência moderada de hiperceratose folicular (18,3%). Exames oftalmológicos realizados sem o auxílio de corante vital revelaram uma prevalência de 20,7% de xerose conjuntival, enquanto que aqueles realizados com auxílio de colírio de Rosa Bengala a 1%, nas mesmas crianças, revelaram 31,7% de xerose conjuntival. Os exames bioquímicos mostraram que 39,4% dos examinados apresentaram níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A de 10mig/100ml ou menos, e 73,9% de 20mig/ 100ml ou menos.

Children from 2 to 6 years of age from an agency for the welfare of minors were studied clinically and biochemically for vitamin A deficiency. Clinical examinations showed a very high prevalence of cutaneous xerosis (75.8%) and not so high of follicular keratosis (18.3%). Unaided eye examinations showed a xerosis conjunctivae prevalence of 20.7% whereas with the aid of 1% Rose Bengal staining prevalence rose to 31.7%. Biochemical examinations showed that 39.4% of subjects presented vitamin A plasma levels of 10mug/100ml or less, and 73.9% 20mug/100ml or less.

Estudou-se o estado nutricional, em relação à vitamina A, de crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade, internadas em uma instituição para menores. Foram realizados exames clínicos e bioquímicos. Os exames clínicos revelaram alta prevalência de xerose cutânea (75,8%) e prevalência moderada de hiperceratose folicular (18,3%). Exames oftalmológicos realizados sem o auxílio de corante vital revelaram uma prevalência de 20,7% de xerose conjuntival, enquanto que aqueles realizados com auxílio de colírio de Rosa Bengala a 1%, nas mesmas crianças, revelaram 31,7% de xerose conjuntival. Os exames bioquímicos mostraram que 39,4% dos examinados apresentaram níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A de 10mig/100ml ou menos, e 73,9% de 20mig/ 100ml ou menos.

Children from 2 to 6 years of age from an agency for the welfare of minors were studied clinically and biochemically for vitamin A deficiency. Clinical examinations showed a very high prevalence of cutaneous xerosis (75.8%) and not so high of follicular keratosis (18.3%). Unaided eye examinations showed a xerosis conjunctivae prevalence of 20.7% whereas with the aid of 1% Rose Bengal staining prevalence rose to 31.7%. Biochemical examinations showed that 39.4% of subjects presented vitamin A plasma levels of 10mug/100ml or less, and 73.9% 20mug/100ml or less.

Foram realizados inquéritos nutricionais completos (de consumo de alimentos, bioquímico e clínico) referentes à deficiência de vitamina A em onze comunidades do Estado de São Paulo. O inquérito alimentar mostrou consumo muito baixo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A, tanto de origem animal como vegetal. O inquérito bioquímico mostrou alta prevalência de níveis plasmáticos de vitamina A classificados como "deficiente" e "baixo". O inquérito clínico mostrou baixos coeficientes de prevalência para lesões oculares, principalmente as mais graves. Embora nem a cegueira, nem as lesões oculares graves constituissem um problema de Saúde Pública, a maioria dessas populações corria o risco de que tais lesões viessem a se tornar um problema.

Eleven communities of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, were surveyed for vitamin A deficiency, through food consumption survey, clinical survey and biochemical survey. The food consumption survey showed very low consumption of vitamin A rich foods, both animal and vegetable. The biochemical survey showed high prevalence of low and deficient plasma levels of vitamin A (ICNND classification). The clinical survey showed low prevalence rates for ocular lesions, specially the more severe ones. Although neither blindness nor severe ocular lesions are a Public Health problem the majority of populations are at risk of such lesions becoming a problem in the future.