Abstract In this paper, the penetration resistance of 6061 aluminum plates to explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) at the incidence angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° was studied. The penetration process was roughly divided into three typical stages—the plastic flanging stage of the target, the righting stage of the projectile, and the plug formation stage of the target. Through the energy analysis, the energy consumption of the aluminum plate increased with the increase in the incidence angle during the entire penetration process. Through the microscopic analysis of the perforated wall surface of the aluminum plate, it was found that there were distinct boundaries and differences between the plastic reaming zone and the punching plug fracture zone.. Overall, four kinds of classification modes were proposed for the damage of the aftereffect plate, which provides a method to evaluate the aftereffect of EFP oblique penetration into 6061 aluminum plates.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between lactate acid level and hospitalization mortality in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Method Paediatric-specific critical care database collected clinical data from the intensive care unit of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University Medical College from 2010 to 2018. Clinical and laboratory examination information of NEC patients was collected and divided into the death group and discharge group to find out the risk factors affecting the prognosis through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Among 104 NEC neonates, the admission age was 7.5 days and the weight was 2.03 kg. Comparing the death group with the discharge group, there were significant differences in therapeutic regimen, pH, serum albumin, total protein, creatinine and lactate acid. Multivariate and threshold effect analysis showed that lactate acid had a linear correlation with hospital mortality, and newborns who died in the hospital had much higher lactate levels than those who were discharged. The mortality of NEC newborns increased by 40-45% for every 1 mmol/L increase in lactate acid level. Conclusions There was a correlation between lactate acid level and hospital mortality in newborns with NEC, and lactate acid level was an important index to evaluate the prognosis of NEC.

Abstract Objective Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease associated with impaired quality of life and heredity. This study aimed to investigate the association of allergic rhinitis in preschool children with exposure to indoor environment-related factors early in life. Methods In August 2019, the authors implemented a study among 2020 preschool children in Urumqi City using a case-control design. The study included parental reports for the occurrence of AR in children, parental history of respiratory disease, and indoor environmental correlates of maternal exposure from 1 year prior to pregnancy until the child's age of 0-1 year. Results Mode of birth (cesarean section) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02∼1.67), father with AR (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.08∼3.44), mother with AR (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 2.88∼4.74), mother with asthma (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.18∼8.20), and mother with newly purchased furniture in the parents' residence during pregnancy (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03∼2.14) were risk factors for AR in children. Conclusions The focus of allergic rhinitis should be on children with a family history of AR and asthma and cesarean delivery. Primary prevention efforts for AR in preschool children are avoiding exposure of children to indoor environmental hazardous factors early in life.

Abstract Background: Metastatic melanoma has a high mortality rate and poor survival. This is associated with efficient metastatic colonization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Communication between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells plays an important role in metastatic dissemination. Whether cancer stem cells can alter the metastatic properties of non-CSC cells; and whether exosomal crosstalk can mediate such interaction, have not been demonstrated in melanoma prior to this report. Results: The results revealed that exosomes secreted by highly metastatic melanoma CSCs (OL-SCs) promoted the invasiveness of the low metastatic melanoma cells (OL) and accelerated metastatic progression. miR-1268a was up-regulated in cells and exosomes of OL-SCs. Moreover, OL-SCs-derived exosomal miR-1268a, upon taking up by OL cells, promoted the metastatic colonization ability of OL cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the pro-metastatic activity of exosomal miR-1268a is achieved through inhibition of autophagy. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that OL cells can acquire the “metastatic ability” from OL-SCs cells. OL-SCs cells achieves this goal by utilizing its exosomes to deliver functional miRNAs, such as miR-1268a, to the targeted OL cells which in turn augments metastatic colonization by inactivating the autophagy pathway in OL cells.

Abstract To investigate the effect of pre-injection Shenfu injection on the hemodynamics of radical resection of colorectal cancer in elderly patients with hypertension. The candidates were randomly divided into control group (receiving pre-injection of sodium chloride injection) and research group (receiveing pre-injection of Shenfu injection) before anesthesia induction. The perioperative hemodynamic changes and use of vasoactive drugs were compared. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) values in the research group were lower than those in the control group at the time of tracheal tube extraction (P < 0.05). The use rate of antihypertensive drugs in the research group was lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Pre-injection of Shenfu in elderly hypertensive patients had no influence on anesthesia effect and it can reduce the volatility of hemodynamic parameters, decrease the use of vasoactive drugs.

Abstract To investigate the effect of polyurea on the protective performance of a steel target plate under the combination of shock wave and fragments, the failure characteristics, damage process and micro mechanism of the polyurea coated steel plates with different coating methods under the combination of explosion shock waves and fragments were analyzed through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that single-sided coatings aggravated the damage of target plate when the coating thickness was 2 mm. While the polyurea thickness greater than 4 mm could significantly reduce the damage degree of the steel plate. When the polyurea was coated on the double sides, it would aggravate the damage, no matter how thick the polyurea was. Through microscopic research, it was found that the front coated polyurea was severely ablated by detonation products, which greatly reduce its energy absorption efficiency. The polyurea coated on the back underwent tensile fracture under the influence of tensile stress wave. The breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bond of polyurea was the key to the energy absorption of polyurea.

Abstract We aim to investigate the effect of Shenfu injection before anesthesia on shivering and its impact on hemodynamic parameters. Eighty patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate were randomized and received 50 mL Shenfu injection (experiment group) or 50 mL 0.9% sodium chloride injection (control group) before anesthesia. Incidence of shivering, axillary temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored before, during, and after surgery. Compared to the control group, patients in the experiment group had significantly less decrease in temperature (36.02 ± 0.29 °C in the experiment group versus 35.50 ± 0.33 °C in the control group, p = 0.047). Patients in the experiment group had lower incidence of shivering (10% in the experiment group versus 27.5% in the control group, p = 0.042). On average, patients in the experiment group had significantly more stable hemodynamic parameters: with lower heart rate, less decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05 for all). No significant difference in adverse events were observed. Our study demonstrated that among elderly patients who received transurethral resection of prostate under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia, Shenfu injection before anesthesia prevented postoperative shivering and reduced the temperature and hemodynamic perturbation of anesthesia and surgery.

Abstract The jet morphology of square and circular cross-section shaped charge with same inscribed circle diameter were observed by conducting an X-ray experiment. Depth-of-penetration tests at standoffs 80 and 160 mm were also carried out. The jet formation was studied by using AUTODYN software. The results showed that the jet of square cross-section shaped charge consists of a condensed part and a non-condensed part. The condensed part has similar characteristics to the corresponding part of circular cross-section shaped charge. And the non-condensed part is distributed at the jet tail. The non-condensed part consists of a main fluid moving along the axis and four off-axis fluids with off-axis velocity along the symmetry plane. The non-condensing of jet reduces the penetration depth of square cross-section shaped charge, the decreasing rate increased from 2.67% to 17.3% when the standoff is increased from 80 mm to 160 mm. When the inscribed circle diameter of the charge cross-section increases to 67.2 mm (1.2 times of 56 mm) and the liner structure remains the same, the square cross-section shaped charge will form a cohesive jet.

Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma nasofaríngeo é um tumor maligno derivado do epitélio de localização anatômica recôndita e sintomas iniciais atípicos; quando diagnosticado, frequentemente invasão e metástases já ocorreram. Isso requer uma melhor compreensão do seu mecanismo de desenvolvimento, identificação dos marcadores diagnósticos e desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de tratamento. Objetivo: Estudar a relação de LMP1 e Cripto-1 no carcinoma nasofaríngeo. Método: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 em espécimes obtidos de pacientes com carcinoma de nasofaringe (n = 42) e pacientes com nasofaringite (n = 22) foi analisada. A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 em células LMP1-negativas e LMP1-positivas (CNE1-LMP1) também foi analisada. Resultados: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 foi significantemente maior na presença de carcinoma nasofaríngeo do que na nasofaringite (p < 0,05). Sua expressão em carcinomas com metástase foi significantemente maior do que em casos sem metástase (p < 0,05), o que se correlacionou com o estadiamento TNM (p < 0,05). Uma alta expressão de Cripto-1 e alta taxa de proliferação foram observadas nas células CNE1-LMP1. Conclusões: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 é positivamente relacionada com carcinoma nasofaríngeo. Sua coexpressão pode ser atribuída à proliferação e metástase do tumor.

Abstract Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an epithelial-derived malignant tumor which because of its anatomical location and atypical early symptoms, when diagnosed invasion and metastasis often have occurred. This requires a better understanding of the development mechanism, identifying diagnostic markers, and developing new treatment strategies. Objective: To study the relationship of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in specimens obtained from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (n = 42) and nasopharyngitis patients (n = 22) were examined. The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in LMP1-negative and LMP1-positive (CNE1-LMP1) cells were also examined. Results: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in nasopharyngitis (p < 0.05). Their expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with metastasis were significantly higher than that without metastasis (p < 0.05), which was correlated with TNM staging (p < 0.05). High Cripto-1 expression and high proliferation rate were seen in CNE1-LMP1 cells. Conclusions: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is positively related. Their co-expression might contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The mosaic 45,X/46,XY karyotype is a common sex chromosomal abnormality in infertile men. Males with this mosaic karyotype can benefit from assisted reproductive therapies, but the transmitted abnormalities contain 45,X aneuploidy as well as Y chromosome microdeletions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of infertile men diagnosed with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in China. Of the 734 infertile men found to carry chromosomal abnormalities, 14 patients were carriers of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism or its variants, giving a prevalence of 0.27% (14/5269) and accounting for 1.91% (14/734) of patients with a chromosomal abnormality. There were ten cases (71.43%, 10/14) of 45,X mosaicism exhibiting AZF microdeletions. Case 1 and Case 4 had AZFc deletions, and the other eight cases had AZFb+c deletions. A high frequency of Y chromosome microdeletions were detected in male patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis should be offered to men having intracytoplasmic sperm injection for hypospermatogenesis caused by 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, to avoid the risk of transfering AZF microdeletions in addition to X monosomy in male offspring.

We constructed lentiviral vectors containing the human wild-type GJB6 gene and the mutant variants A88V and G11R. The three proteins were stably expressed by the Tet-on system in the HaCaT cell line and used to study the functional effect of the variants. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the relevant clinical indicators of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and markers of apoptosis in transfected HaCaT cells. The CCK8 assay and the flow cytometry results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the apoptosis of HaCaT cells expressing the A88V and G11R mutants. In addition, we demonstrated that the A88V and G11R mutants induced the apoptosis of transfected HaCaT cells via the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and PARA. No change was observed in the activity of BAX compared with the control. This study provides further clarification on the mechanisms underlying the effect of the mutant variants A88V and G11R of the GJB6 gene on the induction of HaCaT cell apoptosis.

Abstract Background The muskrat is a seasonal breeder. Males secrete musk to attract females during the breeding season. The testosterone binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in musk glands of muskrat may play an important role conducting the musk secretion process. Methods The musk gland, testis and blood samples of musk rats are collected in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Some part of the samples are kept in liquid nitrogen for transcriptome analysis and Western blotting test. Some part of the samples are kept in 70% alcohol for histology experiment, blood samples are kept at −20 °C for the serum testosterone measurement experiment. Results This study demonstrates that the quantity of secreted musk, the volume of the musk glands, the diameter of the gland cells and AR expression are all higher during the breeding season than at other times (p < 0.01). StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD expression in the Leydig cells of the testis were also higher during this season, as was serum testosterone. AR was also observed in the gland cells of two other musk-secreting animals, the musk deer and small Indian civet, in their musk glands. These results suggest that the testes and musk glands co-develop seasonally. Conclusion The musk glands’ seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testes, and testosterone plays an important role in the seasonal development of musk glands.

Hot compression tests of as-cast Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy in a wide temperature range of 1073-1323 K and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 were conducted by a servo-hydraulic and computer-controlled Gleeble-1500 machine. The hot flow behaviors of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy show highly non-linear relationships with strain, strain rate and temperature. In order to accurately and effectively characterize the complex flow behaviors, support vector regression (SVR) which is a machine learning method was combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to characterize the flow behaviors, namely, the GA-SVR. The study abilities, generation abilities, and modeling efficiencies of the improved Arrhenius-type constitutive model, ANN, and GA-SVR for flow behaviors of as-cast Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were detailedly compared. Comparison results show that the study ability of the GA-SVR is as strong as the ANN. The generation abilities and modeling efficiencies of these models were shown as follows in ascending order: the improved Arrhenius-type constitutive model < ANN < GA-SVR. Based on the established GA-SVR, the continuously three-dimensional relationships among flow stress, temperature, strain, and strain rate were constructed, which improve the simulation accuracy and related research fields where stress-strain data play important roles.

Electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon monoxide using an Cu(phen)Cl2 catalyst was achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity of the ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and the catalytic system were analyzed. The IR characterization results for the complex catalyst showed that copper ions were coordinated by nitrogen atoms of phen. In addition, the effects of the influencing factors, such as reaction time (t), reaction temperature (T) and the surface area of the working electrode (SWE) were studied.