ABSTRACT Filter mud is an industrial waste produced by sugar crops during the sugar production process, which contains N, P, K, organic matter, and a variety of trace elements required for plant growth. Therefore, a soil cultivation experiment was devised to verify the effects of applying diverse proportions of filter mud on the growth and physiological variations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) seedlings. For this study, sugar mill filter mud equivalent to 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13% of the dry weight of neutral black soil was used. Sugar beet seeds were planted in soil with filter mud and their growth, nutrient, and physiological indexes are measured after they grew into sugar beet seedlings. After the application of filter mud, the growth status of sugar beet seedlings increased significantly compared to the non-application of filter mud. Soil application of filter mud increases the content of inorganic N, available P, available K, and organic matter in the soil. And the most pronounced growth of sugar beet seedlings was achieved at 7% of the applied filter mud. In addition, the content of chlorophyll, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity all increased significantly. As a result, it was determined that filter mud from sugar beet waste was an effective soil improver material, a certain percentage of filter mud can promote the growth of sugar beet seedlings. This has important implications for the improvement of sugar beet yields and the recycling of agricultural wastes.

ABSTRACT: The impacts of continuous cropping of banana on soil microbiological and biochemical properties are little understood. In this study, we evaluated the variations in soil bacterial community abundance and diversity, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) as well as soil enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycles as affected by continuous cropping of banana. An initial increase in bacterial 16S rRNA copy and soil microbial biomass was observed in the second cropping and then decreased until the fourth cropping. The diversity of bacterial community showed a continuous decrease throughout the experiment. In addition, continuous cropping of banana caused shifts in bacterial community composition and structures. Soil urease and invertase exhibited the highest activities in the second cropping and then decreased gradually from the second to the fourth cropping. The phosphatase activity showed a gradual increase from the first to the third cropping. The bacterial 16S rRNA copy was positively correlated with the contents of MBN and urease activities. The results indicated that continuous cropping of banana was responsible for the disturbance of the bacterial community and that the effect on enzyme activity varies depending on the type of soil enzyme.

A investigação química das culturas do fungo Marasmiellus ramealis resultou na primeira isolação de onze compostos incluindo dois novos sesquiterpenoides do tipo eudesmano 14(10→1)abeo-eudesmano-13-hidroxil-11-eno, 14(10→1)abeo-eudesmano-11,13-diol, e o novo derivado de meleína (R)-(–)-5-etoxicarbonil meleína. A atividade inibitória da aceticolinesterase (AChE) dos dois primeiros compostos foi avaliada, que mostraram ser ativos com uma porcentagem de inibição de 29 e 41%, respectivamente, em uma concentração de 100 μmol L-1.

Chemical investigation on the cultures of the fungus Marasmiellus ramealis resulted in the first isolation of eleven compounds including two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids 14(10→1)abeo-eudesmane-13-hydroxyl-11-ene, 14(10→1)abeo-eudesmane-11,13-diol, and the new mellein derivative (R)-(–)-5-ethoxycarbonyl mellein. The first two compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and proved to be active with a percentage inhibition of 29 and 41%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μmol L-1.