Resumen Antecedentes: El fotosistema II (PSII) es susceptible al estrés por calor. Las plantas acumulan trehalosa para mejorar la tolerancia al estrés, pero se desconoce el mecanismo por el cual la trehalosa afecta al PSII por calor. Preguntas: ¿Cómo afecta la trehalosa al PSII durante estrés por calor? Especie estudiada: Triticum aestivum L. Lugar y fechas del estudio: Shanghái, China. 2019-2021. Métodos: Las plántulas de trigo pretratadas se sometieron a estres por calor y midieron sus parámetros fotosintéticos. Resultados: El estrés por calor provocó reducción en eficiencia fotoquímica de PSII, tasa de transferencia de electrones (ETR(II)), rendimiento cuántico de disipación de energía regulada Y(NPQ) y coeficiente de enfriamiento fotoquímico (qP), pero aumentó rendimiento cuántico de no- disipación de energía regulada de PSII (Y[NO]). Se alteró la forma de la curva de la cinética de inducción de fluorescencia de clorofila rápida (OJIP) y redujó rendimiento máximo de la fotoquímica primaria de PSII (Fv/Fo) y indicador de rendimiento de PSII PIabs. Disminuyeron: actividad de PSII y cadena de transporte de electrones, cantidad de estructuras de hélice α ordenadas y contenido de proteína D1. En trigo pretratado con trehalosa, la proteína D1 y estructuras secundarias de la proteína del PSII se protegieron; mejoraron el transporte de electrones del PSII y de toda la cadena y mantuvieron mayores valores de los parámetros de fluorescencia. Se obtuvieron menores Y(NO) y OJIP más estables. Conclusiones: Trehalosa exógena desempeñó un papel vital en la protección de la función del PSII, generando mayor capacidad fotosintética bajo estrés por calor.

Abstract Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown. Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress? Studied species: Triticum aestivum L. Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021. Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured. Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained. Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higher photosynthetic capacity under heat stress.

RESUMO Introdução A escalada em rocha é uma atividade física que exige excelente condicionamento físico. Além de melhorar a aptidão física e a coordenação motora, a escalada requer aperfeiçoamentos constantes no treinamento de habilidade em coordenação muscular para aprimoramento de suas táticas modernas. Objetivo Explorar o treinamento da capacidade de coordenação muscular de escaladores em rocha. Métodos Uma amostragem aleatória composta de 8 atletas foi designada para o experimento envolvendo a mensuração da composição corporal dos atletas, níveis séricos de creatina quinase e ureia sanguínea além de outros biomarcadores coletados antes e após o ensaio. Resultados Houve uma correlação negativa significativa entre o equilíbrio dinâmico e a capacidade de coordenação motora após o treinamento em esportes radicais de escalada em rocha. No segundo dia após o exercício de escalada em rocha, o peso corporal e o conteúdo de gordura dos voluntários mostrou uma redução significativa, e a concentração de creatina quinase (CK) e ureia sanguínea (BU) aumentaram significativamente. Conclusão A exploração do efeito dos esportes radicais na melhoria da capacidade de coordenação muscular dos atletas evidenciou que a força e a coordenação devem ser reforçadas no processo de escalada em rocha. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Rock climbing is a physical activity that requires excellent physical conditioning. In addition to improving physical fitness and motor coordination, rock climbing requires constant improvements in muscle coordination skill training to enhance its modern tactics. Objective Explore the muscular coordination skill training of rock climbers. Methods A random sample of 8 athletes were assigned to the experiment involving the measurement of athletes’ body composition, serum creatine kinase and blood urea levels, and other biomarkers collected before and after the trial. Results There was a significant negative correlation between dynamic balance and motor coordination ability after training in extreme rock climbing sports. On the second day after the rock climbing exercise, the volunteers’ body weight and fat content significantly reduced, and the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) and blood urea (BU) increased significantly. Conclusion The exploration of extreme sports’ effect on improving athletes’ muscle coordination ability showed that strength and coordination should be enhanced in rock climbing. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La escalada en roca es una actividad física que exige una excelente condición física. Además de mejorar la forma física y la coordinación motriz, la escalada requiere una mejora constante en el entrenamiento de las habilidades de coordinación muscular para optimizar su táctica moderna. Objetivo Explorar el entrenamiento de las habilidades de coordinación muscular de los escaladores de roca. Métodos Se asignó una muestra aleatoria compuesta por 8 atletas al experimento que incluía la medición de la composición corporal de los atletas, los niveles de creatina quinasa sérica y de urea en sangre, además de otros biomarcadores recogidos antes y después de la prueba. Resultados Se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre el equilibrio dinámico y la capacidad de coordinación motriz tras el entrenamiento en deportes extremos de escalada. El segundo día después del ejercicio de escalada en roca, el peso corporal y el contenido de grasa de los voluntarios mostraron una reducción significativa, y la concentración de creatina quinasa (CK) y de urea en sangre (BU) aumentó significativamente. Conclusión La exploración del efecto de los deportes extremos en la mejora de la capacidad de coordinación muscular de los atletas puso de manifiesto que la fuerza y la coordinación deben mejorarse en el proceso de escalada en roca. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Entre pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) agudo com divergência entre gravidade do déficit e volume do infarto, a trombectomia em 6 a 24 horas tem eficácia e segurança semelhantes ao tratamento em até 6 horas. Entretanto, a viabilidade da imagem ponderada em T2 com difusão (DWI) da ressonância magnética necessita validação. Objetivo: Investigar o prognóstico de pacientes com AVCI que recebem tratamento endovascular (EVT) em até 6 horas e de 6-24 horas usando tomografia computadorizada sem contraste (NCCT) e DWI. Métodos: Duzentos e nove pacientes com AVCI de circulação anterior submetidos a EVT foram divididos em ≤ 6 horas e 6-24 horas. Pacientes com sintomas até 6 horas foram tratados se NIHSS ≥ 7 e ASPECTS ≥ 5; aqueles com AVCI ao despertar (WUS) ou com sintomas entre 6-24 horas da última vez em que foram vistos bem (WUS/AVC de fase tardia, LPS) foram tratados se NIHSS ≥ 7 e ASPECTS ≥ 5. Resultados: As porcentagens de pacientes submetidos a implante de stent intracraniano e angioplastia intracraniana sem stent diferiram entre os dois grupos (p <0,001). As taxas de recanalização 0, 1, 2a e 2b não diferiram entre 6 horas e 6-24 horas (p> 0,05). A taxa de recanalização de grau 3 no grupo 6 horas foi menor do que 6-24 horas (p = 0,043). Pontuação na Escala Rankin (3 meses) não foi diferente (p = 0,629). Conclusões: EVT é um tratamento seguro e eficaz para pacientes com WUS e LPS selecionados por meio de imagens baseadas em NCCT e DWI.

ABSTRACT Background: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke with a mismatch between deficit severity and infarct volume, thrombectomy performed within a 6-24 hours time window has efficacy and safety similar to treatment within 6 hours. However, whether magnetic resonance imaging with T2 diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is feasible remains to be validated. Objective: To investigate prognosis among stroke patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT) within 6 hours and 6-24 hours using non-contrasted computed tomography (NCCT) and DWI. Methods: Overall, 209 anterior-circulation ischemic stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion who underwent EVT were divided into ≤ 6 hours and 6-24 hours groups. Patients presenting symptoms within 6 hours were treated if their NIHSS score was ≥ 7 and ASPECTS score was ≥ 5, whereas those with wake-up stroke (WUS) or presenting symptoms 6-24 hours after last seen well (WUS/late-presenting stroke, LPS) were managed if their NIHSS score was ≥ 7 and ASPECTS score was ≥ 5. Results: The percentages of patients undergoing intracranial stenting and intracranial ballooning without stenting significantly differed between two groups (p < 0.001). Grades 0, 1, 2a and 2b recanalization rates did not differ between the 6 hours and 6-24 hours groups (all p > 0.05). Grade 3 recanalization rate in the 6 hours group was significantly lower than in the 6-24 hours group (p = 0.043). The 3-month Rankin Scale score did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.629). Conclusions: EVT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with WUS and LPS selected through NCCT and DWI-based simple imaging.

Resumo Objetivos A posição do paciente durante a Intubação Traqueal (IT) é fundamental para o sucesso do procedimento. Nosso objetivo foi determinar se a posição de rampa melhorou a visualização laríngea e o êxito na primeira tentativa de intubação quando comparada à posição olfativa. Métodos Os bancos de dados PubMed, EMBASE e Cochrane CENTRAL foram pesquisados de forma sistemática a partir da data em que os bancos de dados foram estabelecidos até janeiro de 2020. Nossos desfechos primários incluíram a visualização laríngea avaliada como Cormack‐Lehane Grau 1 ou 2 (CLG 1/2), Cormack‐Lehane Grau 3 ou 4 (CLG 3/4) e o êxito na primeira tentativa de intubação. Os desfechos secundários foram o tempo de intubação, uso de dispositivos adjuvantes para manuseio de vias aéreas, manobras auxiliares e complicações durante a IT. Resultados Sete estudos preencheram nossos critérios de inclusão, dos quais 4 eram Estudos Clínicos Randomizados (ECR) e 3 eram estudos de coorte. A meta‐análise foi conduzida combinando as estimativas de efeito para todos os 4 ECR incluídos (n = 632). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as posições de rampa e olfativa para razão de chances de CLG 1/2, CLG 3/4, sucesso na primeira tentativa de intubação, tempo de intubação, uso de manobras auxiliares das vias aéreas e uso de dispositivos adjuvantes de vias aéreas, havendo evidência de alta heterogeneidade nos estudos. No entanto, a posição de rampa em pacientes cirúrgicos está associada com maior probabilidade de CLG 1/2 (OR = 2,05; 95% IC 1,26 a 3,32; p = 0,004) e menor probabilidade de CLG 3/4 (OR = 0,49; 95% IC 0,30 a 0,79; p = 0,004), com qualidade moderada de evidência. Conclusão Nossa meta‐análise demonstrou que a posição de rampa pode beneficiar pacientes cirúrgicos submetidos a IT, melhorando a visualização laríngea. ECR multicêntricos bem projetados com amostras grandes devem ser realizados para esclarecer ainda mais os benefícios da posição de rampa nos pacientes cirúrgicos e na unidade de terapia intensiva.

Abstract Objectives Positioning during endotracheal intubation (ETI) is critical to ensure its success. We aimed to determine if the ramping position improved laryngeal exposure and first attempt success at intubation when compared to the sniffing position. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched systematically from inception until January 2020. Our primary outcomes included laryngeal exposure as measured by Cormack-Lehane Grade 1 or 2 (CLG 1/2), CLG 3 or 4 (CLG 3/4), and first attempt success at intubation. Secondary outcomes were intubation time, use of airway adjuncts, ancillary maneuvers, and complications during ETI. Results Seven studies met our inclusion criteria, of which 4 were RCTs and 3 were cohort studies. The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates for all 4 included RCTs (n = 632). There were no differences found between ramping and sniffing positions for odds of CLG 1/2, CLG 3/4, first attempt success at intubation, intubation time, use of ancillary airway maneuvers, and use of airway adjuncts, with evidence of high heterogeneity across studies. However, the ramping position in surgical patients is associated with increased likelihood of CLG 1/2 (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.32, p = 0.004) and lower likelihood of CLG 3/4 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.79, p = 0.004), moderate quality of evidence. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the ramping position may benefit surgical patients undergoing ETI by improving laryngeal exposure. Large scale well designed multicentre RCTs should be carried out to further elucidate the benefits of the ramping position in the surgical and intensive care unit patients.

Introducing a hybrid xanthene as a fluorophore, an ‘ensemble’-based fluorescent sensor (E)-2-(6-(diethylamino)-2-((2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid (a) was designed and synthesised for detection of cysteine. Cysteine can release CuII ion from the non-fluorescent a-CuII complex. Then hydrolytic cleavage of Schiff base a produces a pink fluorescent compound 2-(6-(diethylamino)-2-formyl-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid (2). We call this process a fluorescence off-on change. An obvious color change from purple a to pink 2 can be easily observed by the naked-eye. The calibration curve showed that the fluorescence intensity at 560 nm linearly increased over the cysteine concentration range of 0.379-100 µmol L-1 with a limit of detection of 0.379 µmol L-1. Sensor a-CuII displayed excellent selectivity for cysteine, even homocysteine and glutathione did not show influence. The sensor was also used for detecting cysteine in human breast adenocarcinoma cells, which illustrates the practical value. Overall, the sensor appears to be useful for rapid, convenient and selective cysteine detection in living tissues.

RESUMEN La filtración de crudo es una de las características más importantes de la formación de hidrocarburos y entender este fenómeno es crucial para la exploración petrogasífera y la evaluación de recursos petrolíferos. Los métodos de teledetección y geoquímicos tienen las mismas bases teóricas y el mismo material de información para la extracción de gas y petróleo de las capas subyacentes y de identificación de las características del medio. Como un método emergente de exploración, la teledetección hiperespectral es eficiente comparada con la geoquímica tradicional, ya que es un método más fino y, en algunos casos, más directamente cuantitativo en la determinación del contenido de anomalías minerales específicas. Por consiguiente, el uso conjunto de ambos métodos es importante. Este artículo describe el análisis de información de la teledetección hiperespectral y la extracción de un índice de información anormal que incluye el nivel de alteración de carbonato y el contenido de hidrocarburos acidolíticos, hidrocarburos pirolíticos, espacios de gas, e iones férricos y ferrosos. Los dos métodos tienen una autenticación mutua, son complementarios y útiles en las areas petrolíferas. Cuando estos métodos se integran, el índice de hidrocarburos acidolíticos es el índice geoquímico más efectivo y es el mejor para caracterizar la distribución del campo petrolífero. Además, las anomalías geoquímicas de hidrocarburos que ocurren en los campos generalmente muestran los puntos de distribución y coinciden con las reservas de crudo. Por esto se estableció un modelo 3D para utilizar la teledetección hiperespectral integralmente con la información geoquímica para determinar la distribución de las reservas petrolíferas eficientemente, al igual que para delinear los prospectos gasíferos y petrolíferos. Existe un gran potencial para determinar los campos gasíferos y petrolíferos a través de la integración de información hiperespectral y geoquímica.

ABSTRACT Oil seepage is one of the most important characteristics of hydrocarbon formation, and understanding oil seepage is crucial for oil-gas exploration and the assessment of petroleum resources. Remote sensing and geochemical methods have the same material and theoretical bases for extracting oil and gas information from underlying strata and the identification of media features. As an emerging exploration method, hyperspectral remote sensing is efficient compared with traditional geochemistry because it is a finer, and sometimes more directly quantitative method for determining the specific mineral anomaly content. Hence, the use of both methods together is important. This paper describes the analysis of hyperspectral remote sensing data and the extraction of abnormal index information, including the level of carbonate alteration and the content of acidolytical hydrocarbons, pyrolysis hydrocarbons, headspace gas, and ferric and ferrous ions. The two methods have mutual authentication, and they are complementary and are useful in oil-bearing areas. When these methods are integrated, the acidolytical hydrocarbon index is the most effective geochemical index and is better at characterizing the oil field distribution than other indices. Also, hydrocarbon geochemical anomalies occurring in oil fields generally show continuous distribution points and are consistent with oil reservoirs. Consequently, a 3D model was established to comprehensively utilize hyperspectral remote sensing and geochemical data to determine the distribution of petroleum reservoirs efficiently as well as to delineate oil- and gas-bearing prospects. There is great potential for determining oil- and gas-bearing fields through the integration of hyperspectral and geochemical data.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Hence, strategies for alleviating this stress may be essential for preventing cardiovascular injuries under sepsis. Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and its levels are decreased in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of adiponectin treatment on endothelial cells and its mechanism. Male Wistar rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) before being treated with adiponectin (72 and 120 μg/kg). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, histological structure, and apoptosis of endothelial cells were evaluated. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with adiponectin at 10 and 20 μg/mL for 24 h after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultrastructure, rate of apoptosis, the expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) protein, and its downstream molecules (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12) were detected. The results showed that the levels of MDA and ROS induced by CLP or LPS stimulation were increased. Furthermore, endothelial cell apoptosis was increased under sepsis. The IRE1α pathway was initiated, as evidenced by activated IRE1α, increased GRP78, and up-regulated CHOP and caspase-12 in HUVECs. Following treatment with adiponectin, the number of apoptotic endothelial cells was markedly decreased. These findings demonstrated that treatment with adiponectin decreased apoptosis of endothelial cells caused by sepsis by attenuating the ER stress IRE1α pathway activated by oxidative stress.

Resumo Objetivo: Este trabalho busca examinar o relacionamento entre os determinantes do desempenho organizacional, como apoio da alta administração, foco no cliente, orientação dos funcionários, orientação tecnológica e orientação empreendedora na Malásia. Metodologia: Um projeto de pesquisa quantitativa foi aplicado para este estudo. Os dados foram coletados através de pesquisa por questionários aplicados a donos de negócio e gerentes sêniores que trabalham em PMEs localizadas em três estados malaios, utilizando a técnica da amostragem orientada. O SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) foi utilizado para testar as hipóteses. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a orientação tecnológica e a orientação empreendedora são fatores significativos de sucesso para as PMEs em termos do desempenho financeiro e não financeiro. Além disso, descobriu-se que o apoio da alta administração está significativa e positivamente relacionado ao desempenho financeiro. Contribuições: A análise empírica indica que a orientação tecnológica e a orientação empreendedora agregam mais valor ao desempenho organizacional. Portanto, é vital para as PMEs focar nesses dois fatores críticos de sucesso para melhorar o seu desempenho.

Abstract Purpose: This paper seeks to examine the relationship between the determinants of organizational performance such as top management support, customer focus, employees’ orientation, technology orientation, and entrepreneurial orientation in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design was applied for this study. Data was collected through survey questionnaires applied to business owners and senior managers working in SMEs located in three Malaysian states, using purposive sampling technique. SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings suggest that both technology and entrepreneurial orientations are significant success factors for SMEs in terms of financial and non-financial performance. In addition, top management support is found to be significantly and positively related to financial performance. Originality/value: The empirical analysis indicates that technology orientation and entrepreneurial orientation add more value to organizational performance. Therefore, it is vital for SMEs to focus on these two critical success factors in order to improve their performance.

Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula (SMAVF) is a rare vascular disorder usually following penetrating abdominal trauma or gastrointestinal surgery. Percutaneous endovascular treatment such as embolization, has been widely used to treat this disease. We report a patient, who was presented with melena at the onset of his symptoms, then an acute hematemesis in shock. A SMAVF was diagnosed on an angiogram after a large mesenteric vein was seen on CT. The patient had a successful emergency endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) to stop bleeding. Then the patient received fistula embolization with covered stent.

ABSTRACT A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV). A set of LAMP primers was designed based on the sequence of the ASFV gene K205R. Reaction temperature and time were optimized to 64 oC and 60 min, respectively. LAMP products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or visually with the addition of fluorescent dye. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was approximately 6 copies of the target gene per microliter, 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. LAMP is a simple and inexpensive molecular assay format for ASFV detection. To date, African swine fever has not been reported in China. LAMP can be used to monitor ASFV spread into China, thereby reducing the threat of ASF.

There is a lack of definitive information regarding the precise indications, implementation, and outcomes of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of critically ill children. Six children (three boys, three girls) aged from 3 days to 8 years, all of whom had multiple organ failure, were submitted to bedside CRRT using M60 filter membranes. Modified Port carbonate formula was used and clotting time was maintained between 20 and 30 minutes. Activated partial thromboplastin time was 1.5- to 2-fold normal. One patient discontinued treatment due to family decision. Marked improvements were seen in the remaining five patients, including normalization of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, stabilization of electrolytes, and improvements in markers of organ function. Of note, one patient (a six-year-old male) underwent the treatment for 241 hours. All five patients were subsequently discharged and recovered uneventfully. CRRT is effective for the management of children who are critically ill due to multiple organ failure.

This study aims to explore the role of palatal rugae pattern in forensic identification by coding of palatal rugae characteristics, and to construct a forensic identification system for oral palatal rugae. One hundred models were included in this study for a systemic coding of palatal rugae pattern based on the shape, quantity, location, and distribution of palatal rugae. Among the involved 100 models, palatal rugae types varied among individuals and palatal rugae pattern was different between men and women, even between two sides in the same individual. Palatal rugae pattern can be used for forensic identification of oral soft tissue and this study proposes a new means for the identification by coding of palatal rugae pattern based on the shape, quantity, location and distribution.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el patrón de rugas palatinas en la identificación forense mediante la codificación de las características de éstas. Además se elaboró un sistema de identificación forense. Fueron incluidos cien modelos para una codificación sistemática del patrón de rugas palatinas basado en su forma, cantidad, ubicación y distribución. En todos los modelos se identificó una variación entre los individuos y en el patrón entre hombres y mujeres. El patrón de rugas palatinas puede ser utilizado para la identificación forense de tejido blando oral y este estudio propone un método nuevo para codificarlas.

Sugarcane brown rust disease caused by Puccinia melanocephala is one of the important fungal diseases affecting sugarcane yield around the world. Cultivar resistance is the most appropriate control method for this disease. In this study, 62 introgression lines chosen from the crossing Saccharum officinarum L. cv. Ludashi x Erianthus rockii Yunnan 95-19 were evaluated for brown rust resistance using artificial inoculation. More than 30% of the introgression lines were identified as resistant. Clones Yunye 09-609, Yunye 09-618, Yunye 09-622, Yunye 09-636, Yunye 09-637, Yunye 09-645, Yunye 09-647 and Yunye 09-652 were shown to have high levels of resistance. The resistant lines identified in this study could be used as sources of brown rust resistance in sugarcane breeding programs.

This paper reports on the development and validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) for the rapid and specific detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae). A set of six primers were designed derived from the dsbE-like gene of A.pleuropneumoniae and validate the assay using 9 A. pleuropneumoniae reference/field strains, 132 clinical isolates and 9 other pathogens. The results indicated that positive reactions were confirmed for all A. pleuropneumoniae strains and specimens by LAMP at 63ºC for 60 min and no cross-reactivity were observed from other non-A.pleuropneumoniae including Haemophilus parasuis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Pseudorabies virus. The detection limit of the conventional PCR was 10² CFU per PCR test tube, while that of the LAMP was 5 copies per tube. Therefore, the sensitivity of LAMP was higher than that of PCR. Moreover, the LAMP assay provided a rapid yet simple test of A. pleuropneumoniae suitable for laboratory diagnosis and pen-side detection due to ease of operation and the requirement of only a regular water bath or heat block for the reaction.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gradually been recognized as regulators of embryonic development; however, relatively few miRNAs have been identified that regulate cardiac development. A series of recent papers have established an essential role for the miRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster of miRNAs in the development of the heart. Previous research has shown that the Friend of Gata-2 (FOG-2) is critical for cardiac development. To investigate the possibility that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates FOG-2 expression and inhibits proliferation in mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes we initially used bioinformatics to analyze 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTR) of FOG-2 to predict the potential of miR-17-92 to target it. We used luciferase assays to demonstrate that miR-17-5p and miR-20a of miR-17-92 interact with the predicted target sites in the 3’UTR of FOG-2. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to demonstrate the post-transcriptional regulation of FOG-2 by miR-17-92 in embryonic cardiomyocytes from E12.5-day pregnant C57BL/6J mice. Finally, EdU cell assays together with the FOG-2 rescue strategy were employed to evaluate the effect of proliferation on embryonic cardiomyocytes. We first found that the miR-17-5p and miR-20a of miR-17-92 directly target the 3’UTR of FOG-2 and post-transcriptionally repress the expression of FOG-2. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that over-expression of miR-17-92 may inhibit cell proliferation via post-transcriptional repression of FOG-2 in embryonic cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates the expression of FOG-2 protein and suggest that the miR-17-92 cluster might play an important role in heart development.