ABSTRACT: Rhododendron fortune belongs to a scented Rhododendron species native to China, which produces fragrant flowers of great ornamental and environmental values for landscaping or indoor beautification. However, the scents in Rhododendron fortuneihave not yet been investigated, let alone the mechanism of the formation of these fragrance in the flowers. In this study, we measured the scents in terms of its volatile components and contents (VOC) in Rhododendron fortuneiat four different flowering stages and in different tissues of the plant by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the characteristic aromatic values, which reflects the degree of scent perception by human, of each VOC in the plant was calculated according to its respective aromatic thresholds. Results showed that three main VOCs measured from highest to lowest are methyl benzoates, terpenes and fatty acid derivatives. Their content increased after the flower bud opening and reached the highest at half to full blossom. In a flower most VOC contents were measured in petals and only trace amount in other tissues such as stamen, pistil. A small amount of VOCs was determined in leaves as well.All aromatic values were almost corresponded to the contents of three main VOCs, indicating that the flower fragrance arises truly from these VOC components. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT) catalyzes the final step to form methyl benzoates. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this main type fragrance and its regulation, we firstly isolate a gene of RfBAMT from petal of Rhododendron fortuneiby using homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full length of its cDNA was 1383 bp，with an open reading frame of 1104 bp, encoding a total of 368 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RfBAMT was the closest to the BSMT of Camellia japonica, belonging to methyltransferases family. Then we measured the expression level of RfBAMT again at four flower developmental stages and in different flower tissues and leaves. The results showed that the expression level of this gene was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowering, implying that RfBAMT plays a pivotal role in the formation and regulation of methyl benzoates in Rhododendron fortune.Thisresearchshowed that the RfBAMT was cloned and identified in our study and its expression level was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowers and leaves, which indicated this gene may play an important role on regulation of methyl benzoate synthesis in Rhododendron fortunei.

RESUMO: Rhododendron fortunei pertence a uma espécie de rododendro perfumada nativa da China, que produz flores perfumadas de grande valor ornamental e ambiental para paisagismo ou embelezamento de interiores. No entanto, os aromas em Rhododendron fortunei ainda não foram investigados, muito menos o mecanismo de formação dessas fragrâncias nas flores. Neste estudo, medimos os aromas em termos de seus componentes e conteúdos voláteis (VOC) em Rhododendron fortunei em quatro diferentes estágios de floração e em diferentes tecidos da planta por microextração em fase sólida headspace combinada com cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa. Em seguida, foram calculados os valores aromáticos característicos, que refletem o grau de percepção olfativa pelo ser humano, de cada VOC na planta de acordo com seus respectivos limiares aromáticos. Os resultados mostraram que três COVs principais medidos do mais alto ao mais baixo são benzoatos de metila, terpenos e derivados de ácidos graxos. Seu conteúdo aumentou após a abertura do botão floral e atingiu o máximo na metade da floração total. Em uma flor, a maioria dos teores de COV foram medidos em pétalas e apenas traços em outros tecidos, como estame, pistilo. Uma pequena quantidade de COVs foi determinada nas folhas também. Todos os valores aromáticos foram quase correspondentes aos teores de três COVs principais, indicando que a fragrância da flor surge verdadeiramente desses componentes de COV. Para entender o mecanismo de formação deste tipo principal de fragrância e sua regulação, primeiramente isolamos um gene de RfBAMT da pétala de Rhododendron fortunei usando clonagem homóloga e tecnologia RACE. O comprimento total de seu cDNA era de 1383 bp, com um quadro de leitura aberto de 1104 bp, codificando um total de 368 aminoácidos. A análise da árvore filogenética mostrou que RfBAMT foi o mais próximo do BSMT de Camellia japonica, pertencente à família das metiltransferases. Em seguida, medimos o nível de expressão de RfBAMT novamente em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento da flor e em diferentes tecidos e folhas de flores. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de expressão deste gene foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila na floração, implicando que RfBAMT desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e regulação de benzoatos de metila em Rhododendron fortune foi clonado e identificado em nosso estudo e seu nível de expressão foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila nas flores e folhas, o que indicou que este gene pode desempenhar um papel importante na regulação da síntese de benzoato de metila em Rhododendron fortunei.

Abstract Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect and other characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, a new type of piezoelectric variable friction damper is developed, and the output performance test of piezoelectric ceramic actuator and piezoelectric variable friction damper is carried out, and the parametric mechanical model of the damper is established by using Simulink to carry out numerical simulation, and compared and analyzed with the test results. The results of the study show that the simulation and the test present a good regular agreement. With the increment of loading voltage, the displacement deformation and zero-displacement thrust of piezoelectric ceramic actuator are approximately linear with the loading voltage; when the loading voltage is increased by 15V every time, the test value of the output damping force of the damper increases by 259.66N on average step by step, and the simulated value increases by 256.14N step by step, and the damping force has a linearly incremental relationship with the voltage and the slope of the linear increase is 16.434.

ABSTRACT The yield of crops has a significant impact on economic and social development. It is significant to ensure the healthy growth of crops. Leaves can represent the growth of crops. Crop health can be monitored by analyzing a sufficient number of leaf images. But advanced farming techniques make leaves less susceptible to pests and diseases. Therefore, it is difficult to collect enough leaves with pests and diseases for image analysis. To solve this problem, this research proposed a method based on few-shot learning to identify crop leaf images and judge crop health status. The main structure of the method is a siamese network. The structure of its two subnetworks is the convolution neural network with an attention module. Each subnetwork outputs a feature vector. Measuring the distance of two feature vectors in the feature space, the similarity is calculated. Then the categories of leaf pests and diseases are judged. The experiments in this research were carried out on apple and potato leaves. The accuracy of identifying their pests and diseases reached 98.03% and 97.34% respectively. The experiment proved that when the sample size is small. The method proposed can effectively identify crop leaf pests and diseases.

Abstract Objectives: The degree of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere’s disease may be related to hearing loss. However, the results of prior studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and hearing loss characteristics in Meniere’s disease. Methods: This study included 54 patients (62 ears) with Meniere’s disease. Patients underwent three-dimensional real inversion recovery sequences for magnetic resonance imaging and puretone audiometry. Endolymphatic hydrops were assessed according to Gurkov’s criteria (2011). Correlations between different degrees of endolymphatic hydrops and pure-tone audiometry, as well as staging, were analysed. Results: Pure tone audiometry and staging were higher for vestibular endolymphatic hydrops complicated by cochlear ones than isolated cochlear or vestibular hydrops (both p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between vestibular endolymphatic hydrops and pure-tonal audiometry or staging (all p > 0.05). The degree of hydrops in the middle turn was correlated with the mid-frequency hearing threshold (p<0.05). The degree of cochlear hydrops was correlated with the audiometry, low-frequency hearing thresholds, mid-frequency hearing thresholds and staging (p<0.01). Conclusion: The types and sites of endolymphatic hydrops based on a 3D-real inversion recovery sequence can be used to indicate the degree of hearing loss in patients with Meniere's disease. Level of evidence: Level III.

Abstract Objective MicroRNA-29a-3p has been reported in a variety of cancers, but its role in hypopharyngeal cancer remains unclear. This study was to determine the role of microRNA-29a-3p in the occurrence and development of hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods 40 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April 2013 to November 2017 were selected for this study. The cancer tissue samples of the patients were collected, and the patients were followed up for three years. The expression of microRNA-29a-3p in tissue samples was detected by in situ hybridization with fluorescent probe, and the relationships among microRNA-29a-3p and clinicopathological factors, postoperative recurrent-metastasis, survival time were studied. Immunohistochemical was used to detect the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin in tissue samples. Results Combined with HE staining results showed that microRNA-29a-3p expression was relatively high in non-cancer tissue cells (red blood cells and fibroblasts in tumor interstitial vessels), but was relatively low in cancer tissue and cells. According to the follow-up data of 40 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, tumor size, T-stage, tumor differentiation, postoperative recurrent-metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer patients were significantly negatively correlated with microRNA-29a-3p (p< 0.05). Immunohistochemica results further confirmed that microRNA-29a-3p was negatively correlated with the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin. The survival time of patients positively related with microRNA-29a-3p expression (p< 0.05). Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined detection of miRNA-29a-3p+Ki67+E-cadherin was larger than that of the single detection of the three indexes. Conclusions The expression of microRNA-29a-3p is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer, and it affects the proliferation and invasion. This indicates that microRNA-29a-3p serves as a therapeutic target for the occurrence and development of hypopharyngeal cancer. The evidence of study designs of this study is IV using “Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence”.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of miRNA-492 in the progression of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in pediatric patients. Methods: Forty-six children admitted to the present study’s hospital and diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia were recruited as the study group from March 2018 to August 2019, and 40 healthy children were selected as the control group. Results: The expression levels of miRNA-492, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between miRNA-492 and most of the immune-correlated indicators in the study group, except for IL-6, IL-18 and HMGB1. Meanwhile, overexpression of miRNA-492 increased IL-6 secretion in PMA-activated monocytes (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The present study’s results suggested that miRNA-492 might play a role in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children by regulating the secretion of immune-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-18 in the mononuclear macrophages.

Abstract Background Significant association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and stroke has been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anti-BP180 antibody in stroke patients to explore the relationship between BP and stroke in their pathogenesis. Methods We collected serum samples from stroke patients and matched controls between February 2019 and June 2020. The anti-BP180 antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A total of 1183 stroke patients including 970 with cerebral infarction (CI), 192 with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 21 with CI and ICH, and 855 controls were enrolled in this study. Anti-BP180 autoantibody values were significantly higher in stroke patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Anti-BP180 autoantibody-positive rates were 12.51% (148) in stroke patients and 4.68% (40) in controls (p < 0.001, OR = 2.65). In anti-BP180 autoantibody-positive subjects, the values were significantly higher in stroke patients than in controls (p < 0.001). However, only 10 (6.76%) stroke patients and 3 (7.5%) controls had high values (> 100 RU/mL) (p = 0.87). Stratified analysis showed that anti-BP180 antibody positive rates were independent of age, sex, and stroke subtypes in the stroke group. Positive rates in patients with both CI and ICH were nearly two times higher than those in patients with either CI or ICH alone (p = 0.11, OR = 1.94). Study limitations This study had a limited sample size and lacked quantitative criteria for stroke severity. Conclusions Anti-BP180 antibody values and positive rates were higher in stroke patients than in controls, suggesting that stroke patients may have higher of developing BP.

RESUMO: A planta de eucalipto libera substâncias químicas alelopáticas no ambiente principalmente através dos óleos essenciais volatilizados das folhas. Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir a composição dos óleos foliares de algumas variedades com sete anos de idade como Eucalyptus pellita (E. pel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. cama), Eucalyptus grandis (E. gra), Eucalyptus dunni (E. dun ), Eucalyptus saligna (E. sal) e E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra× E. uro) e E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra × E. uro(três )). Também pretendeu-se determinar o mecanismo alelopático e os tipos de componentes químicos que desempenham o papel principal. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação e analisado pelo método de Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS). Para determinar o efeito da alelopatia, experimentos de germinação de sementes foram realizados em diferentes concentrações (10-100 mL/L) do óleo foliar de E. Gra × E. uro (OE) e dos componentes majoritários. As sementes de trigo germinadas pela adição de 1,8-cineol foram usadas para determinar a atividade da α-amilase. Além disso, a expressão de mRNA de α-amilase em sementes também foi estudada.: A principal classe química do óleo essencial foi o monoterpeno oxigenado; O 1,8-cineol (20,2-67,5%) apresentou o maior teor. Outras substâncias que eram de alto teor e onipresentes incluíam α-pineno (0,3-21,8%), α-terpineol (0,44-19,24%) e borneol (0,81-3,05%). Os quatro constituintes químicos e o OE influenciaram a germinação e o crescimento das três plantas. Entre eles, o 1,8-cineol exibiu o efeito inibitório mais forte. A atividade de α-amilase das sementes de trigo tratadas com 1,8-cineol diminuiu significativamente. Evidências moleculares sugeriram que o 1,8-cineol diminuiu a expressão do gene α-amilase (AMY).

ABSTRACT: The Eucalyptus plant releases allelopathic chemicals into the environment mostly through the essential oils volatilized from the leaves. This study discussed the composition of the leaf oils of few seven-year-old varieties like Eucalyptus pellita (E. pel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. cama), Eucalyptus grandis (E. gra), Eucalyptus dunni (E. dun), Eucalyptus saligna (E. sal), and E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra×E. uro) and three-year-old E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra × E. uro (three)). It determined the allelopathic mechanism and the types of chemical components playing the leading role. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In order to determine the effect of allelopathy, seed germination experiments were carried out at different concentrations (10-100 mL/L) of the E. Gra × E. uro leaf oil (EO) and the major components. The wheat seeds germinated by adding 1,8-cineole were used to determine the activity of α-amylase. Moreover, the mRNA expression of α-amylase in seeds was studied. The major chemical class in the essential oil was oxygenated monoterpene; 1,8-cineole (20.2-67.5%) displayed the highest content. Other substances that were high in content and ubiquitous included α-pinene (0.3-21.8%), α-terpineol (0.44-19.24%), and borneol (0.81-3.05%). The four chemical constituents and EO influenced the germination and growth of the three plants. Among them, 1,8-cineole exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. The α-amylase activity of the 1,8-cineole-treated wheat seeds had decreased significantly. Molecular evidence suggested that 1,8-cineole decreased the α-amylase gene (AMY) expression.

RESUMO Introdução A escalada em rocha é uma atividade física que exige excelente condicionamento físico. Além de melhorar a aptidão física e a coordenação motora, a escalada requer aperfeiçoamentos constantes no treinamento de habilidade em coordenação muscular para aprimoramento de suas táticas modernas. Objetivo Explorar o treinamento da capacidade de coordenação muscular de escaladores em rocha. Métodos Uma amostragem aleatória composta de 8 atletas foi designada para o experimento envolvendo a mensuração da composição corporal dos atletas, níveis séricos de creatina quinase e ureia sanguínea além de outros biomarcadores coletados antes e após o ensaio. Resultados Houve uma correlação negativa significativa entre o equilíbrio dinâmico e a capacidade de coordenação motora após o treinamento em esportes radicais de escalada em rocha. No segundo dia após o exercício de escalada em rocha, o peso corporal e o conteúdo de gordura dos voluntários mostrou uma redução significativa, e a concentração de creatina quinase (CK) e ureia sanguínea (BU) aumentaram significativamente. Conclusão A exploração do efeito dos esportes radicais na melhoria da capacidade de coordenação muscular dos atletas evidenciou que a força e a coordenação devem ser reforçadas no processo de escalada em rocha. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Rock climbing is a physical activity that requires excellent physical conditioning. In addition to improving physical fitness and motor coordination, rock climbing requires constant improvements in muscle coordination skill training to enhance its modern tactics. Objective Explore the muscular coordination skill training of rock climbers. Methods A random sample of 8 athletes were assigned to the experiment involving the measurement of athletes’ body composition, serum creatine kinase and blood urea levels, and other biomarkers collected before and after the trial. Results There was a significant negative correlation between dynamic balance and motor coordination ability after training in extreme rock climbing sports. On the second day after the rock climbing exercise, the volunteers’ body weight and fat content significantly reduced, and the concentration of creatine kinase (CK) and blood urea (BU) increased significantly. Conclusion The exploration of extreme sports’ effect on improving athletes’ muscle coordination ability showed that strength and coordination should be enhanced in rock climbing. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La escalada en roca es una actividad física que exige una excelente condición física. Además de mejorar la forma física y la coordinación motriz, la escalada requiere una mejora constante en el entrenamiento de las habilidades de coordinación muscular para optimizar su táctica moderna. Objetivo Explorar el entrenamiento de las habilidades de coordinación muscular de los escaladores de roca. Métodos Se asignó una muestra aleatoria compuesta por 8 atletas al experimento que incluía la medición de la composición corporal de los atletas, los niveles de creatina quinasa sérica y de urea en sangre, además de otros biomarcadores recogidos antes y después de la prueba. Resultados Se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre el equilibrio dinámico y la capacidad de coordinación motriz tras el entrenamiento en deportes extremos de escalada. El segundo día después del ejercicio de escalada en roca, el peso corporal y el contenido de grasa de los voluntarios mostraron una reducción significativa, y la concentración de creatina quinasa (CK) y de urea en sangre (BU) aumentó significativamente. Conclusión La exploración del efecto de los deportes extremos en la mejora de la capacidad de coordinación muscular de los atletas puso de manifiesto que la fuerza y la coordinación deben mejorarse en el proceso de escalada en roca. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Gallstones disease is classified as cholesterol, pigment and mixed gallstones. Pigment gallstones is a common disease, and some patients experienced complications such as biliary pain and cholecystitis. Defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE) is extracted from the main by-product after oil extraction of the functional food walnut and can treat cholesterol gallstones. However, the effect of DWPE on pigment gallstones has not been reported. Thus, this paper aimed at exploring the potential mechanism of alleviating pigment gallstones and the metabolism of DWPE in vitro by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS to elucidate potential pharmacodynamic substances. It was found that DWPE significantly reduced the incidence of gallstones, the contents of unconjugated bilirubin and calcium, the inflammation of gallbladder tissue, the edema and congestion of gallbladder tissue, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In metabolism, a total of 35 metabolites of DWPE, including its main compounds ellagic acid and glansreginin A, were characterized in the intestine with various metabolic reactions. Presumably, the small molecular compounds generated after the metabolism by intestinal bacteria may be the pharmacodynamic substances of DWPE on pigment gallstones. This study revealed the effect of DWPE in treating pigment gallstones and their metabolism in vitro.

RESUMO Introdução O desenvolvimento do nível técnico do tênis de mesa e a reforma das regras, requerem que os jogadores de tênis de mesa tenham uma base técnica proporcionalmente abrangente, visando escalar o topo do tênis de mesa mundial. Objetivo Estudar o efeito da competição de alta intensidade sobre a aptidão física dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos Ao analisar os questionários de treinadores e atletas nas faculdades e universidades da província de Zhejiang, bem como o estado de desenvolvimento e a situação dos soldados e equipes de soldados nas faculdades e universidades da província de Zhejiang, descobrir os fatores que restringem o nível competitivo do tênis de mesa nas faculdades e universidades comuns de nossa província. Resultados A maioria dos atletas sentiu que as qualidades específicas de agilidade e força eram importantes, representando 63% do total, enquanto a resistência e a velocidade eram menos importantes, representando 19% e 18% respectivamente. Conclusão O tempo dedicado ao treinamento físico é breve, e a disposição do tempo de treinamento é insuficiente. Em comparação com as equipes esportivas de alto nível, a qualidade da preparação física e o tempo de treinamento técnico particular não podem ser combinados de forma racional e satisfatória. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The development of the technical level of table tennis and the reform of the rules require players to have a proportionally comprehensive technical base, aiming to climb to the top of world table tennis. Objective Study the effect of high-intensity competition on the physical fitness of table tennis players. Methods By analyzing the questionnaires of coaches and athletes in colleges and universities in Zhejiang province, as well as the development status and situation of soldiers and soldier teams in colleges and universities in Zhejiang province, find out the factors that restrict the competitive level of table tennis in ordinary colleges and universities in our province. Results Most athletes felt that the specific qualities of agility and strength were important, accounting for 63% of the total, while endurance and speed were less important, accounting for 19% and 18%, respectively. Conclusion The time devoted to physical training is short, and the disposition of training time is insufficient. Compared to high-level sports teams, the quality of physical preparation and the particular technical training time cannot be combined rationally and satisfactorily. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El desarrollo del nivel técnico del tenis de mesa y la reforma de las reglas, requieren que los jugadores de tenis de mesa tengan una base técnica proporcionalmente amplia, con el objetivo de subir a la cima del tenis de mesa mundial. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto de la competición de alta intensidad sobre la aptitud física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos Mediante el análisis de los cuestionarios de los entrenadores y atletas de los colegios y universidades de la provincia de Zhejiang, así como del estado de desarrollo y la situación de los equipos de soldados y soldados de los colegios y universidades de la provincia de Zhejiang, averiguar los factores que restringen el nivel competitivo del tenis de mesa en los colegios y universidades ordinarios de nuestra provincia. Resultados La mayoría de los atletas consideraron que las cualidades específicas de agilidad y fuerza eran importantes, con un 63% del total, mientras que la resistencia y la velocidad eran menos importantes, con un 19% y un 18% respectivamente. Conclusión El tiempo dedicado al entrenamiento físico es breve, y la disposición del tiempo de entrenamiento es insuficiente. En comparación con los equipos deportivos de alto nivel, la calidad de la preparación física y el tiempo de entrenamiento técnico particular no pueden combinarse de forma racional y satisfactoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract Background The main features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are abnormal follicular development and ovulatory dysfunction, which are caused by excessive apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. Acupuncture has been shown to improve follicular development abnormalities in patients with PCOS, but its mechanism is unknown. This study hypothesized that the mechanism of acupuncture on follicular development abnormalities in PCOS patients is the inhibition of granulosa cell apoptosis through LncMEG3-mediated regulation of miR-21-3p. Methods A PCOS-like rat model was established using subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Acupuncture was performed on rats for 15 d (CV-4, RN-3, CV-6, SP-6 and EX-CA 1). Ovarian morphology was observed by HE staining, and sex hormone and AMH levels were detected by ELISA. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from each group of rats to assess the association of acupuncture treatment, LncMEG3, miR-21-3p, and granulosa cell apoptosis in rats with PCOS. Results LncMEG3 and miR-21-3p were highly expressed in the ovarian granulosa cells of rats with PCOS, and LncMEG3-mediated regulation of miR-21-3p was involved in the development of PCOS in rats. Silencing of MEG3 attenuated sex hormone dysregulation and ovarian histopathological changes in PCOS rats and promoted follicle cell development and maturation. In addition, silencing MEG3 increased the viability and number of granulosa cells. In addition, silencing MEG3 further inhibited early and late apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS rats. Acupuncture improved polycystic ovarian morphology and sex hormone levels in PCOS rats. Acupuncture intervention increased the viability and number of granulosa cells. Acupuncture intervention inhibited early and late apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS rats by targeting miR-21-3p via LncMEG3. Conclusion These results suggest that acupuncture can downregulate LncMEG3, thereby targeting and regulating miR-21-3p to suppress early and late granulosa cell apoptosis and normalize their proliferation. These factors ultimately compensate for abnormal follicular development. These findings shed light on the clinical potential of acupuncture as a safe treatment for follicular developmental abnormalities in PCOS. Highlights LncMEG3-mediated inhibition of miR-21-3p regulates ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. LncMEG3 and miR-21-3p are involved in the occurrence and development of PCOS-related abnormal follicular development. CuONPs induce co-occurrence of autophagy activation and autophagic flux blockade. Acupuncture can improve the sex hormone levels and follicular development in the context of PCOS. The underlying mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of PCOS abnormal follicular development was revealed.

Abstract Background Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induces increased release of extracellular vesicles in the heart and exacerbates myocardial IR injury. We have previously shown that propofol attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that microvesicles derived from propofol-treated HUVECs inhibit oxidative stress in endothelial cells. However, the role of microvesicles derived from propofol post-treated HUVECs ((HR + P)-EMVs) in IR-injured cardiomyocytes is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of (HR + P)-EMVs in cardiac IR injury compared to microvesicles derived from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) models of HUVECs and AC16 cells and a mouse cardiac IR model were established. Microvesicles from HR-injured HUVECs, DMSO post-treated HUVECs and propofol post-treated HUVECs were extracted by ultra-high speed centrifugation, respectively. The above EMVs were co-cultured with HR-injured AC16 cells or injected intracardially into IR mice. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot. Echocardiography for cardiac function and Evans blue-TTC staining for myocardial infarct size. Expression of lncCCT4-2 in EMVs and AC16 cells was analysed by whole transcriptome sequencing of EMVs and RT-qPCR. The molecular mechanism of inhibition of myocardial injury by (HR + P)-EMVs was elucidated by lentiviral knockdown of lncCCT4-2, plasmid overexpression or knockdown of CCT4, and actinomycin D assay. Results In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that HR-EMVs exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes, leading to increased infarct size and worsened cardiac function. Notably, (HR + P)-EMVs induced significantly less oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes compared to HR-EMVs. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing of EMVs and RT-qPCR showed that lncCCT4-2 was significantly upregulated in (HR + P)-EMVs and cardiomyocytes co-cultured with (HR + P)-EMVs. Reduction of lncCCT4-2 in (HR + P)-EMVs enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic activity of lncCCT4-2 from (HR + P)-EMVs was achieved by increasing the stability of CCT4 mRNA and promoting the expression of CCT4 protein in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Our study showed that (HR + P)-EMVs uptake by IR-injured cardiomyocytes upregulated lncCCT4-2 in cardiomyocytes and promoted CCT4 expression, thereby inhibiting HR-EMVs induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Highlights Microvesicles from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs) exacerbated oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. Microvesicles from propofol post-treated HUVECs ((HR + P)-EMVs) induced diminished oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes compared with microvesicles from hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs (HR-EMVs). lncCCT4-2 was significantly highly expressed in (HR + P)-EMVs and cardiomyocytes co-cultured with (HR + P)-EMVs, and reduction of lncCCT4-2 in (HR + P)-EMVs enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IR-injured cardiomyocytes. lncCCT4-2 inhibited HR-EMVs induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HR-injured AC16 cells by increasing the stability of CCT4 mRNA and promoting the expression of CCT4 protein in AC16 cells.

Abstract Pulsed Electric field (PEF) cell lysis technology, as a new technology, has been widely used in the fields of food sterilization. Nowadays, there are still several problems in PEF cell lysis: low cell lysis rate, high temperature rise, the presence of low velocity regions, etc. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to conduct simulation research, and the electric field, flow field and temperature field of plate treatment chamber, coaxial treatment chamber and co-field treatment chamber were coupled to simulate, and the advantages and disadvantages of the three classical treatment chamber structures were analyzed. In addition, this paper proposes a new structure of the co-field treatment chamber. Through the comparison and simulation of the coupling between our design and other four structures, the electric field intensity of our design treatment area is 20.03 kV/m, which is 46.2% higher than the highest of others. The temperature rise within 1s is 0.93 K, which is 2/3 lower than others. Our design almost eliminates the peak electric field area at the junction between the inside of the electrode and the insulator, and the maximum electric field intensity in this area is reduced by 24.4% compared with others.

Abstract Using UPLC and PDA detector, the fingerprints of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the Longling area of Yunnan Province, China were obtained quickly and efficiently, and 26 common peaks in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale samples were obtained by automatic peak matching through the “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System”. The relative peak areas of the common peaks were analyzed by PCA using R, and the results showed that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale could be well distinguished by PCA, which was consistent with the analysis results of OPLS-DA. The results fully demonstrate that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale grown in the same area can be effectively distinguished by using the method of common peaks combined with stoichiometry. The VIP value of the 13 common peaks is greater than 1.0, which has a significant contribution to the difference and it was differential marker in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale. At the same time, normal-phase silica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the compounds that are related to the common peaks, and a total of 7 compounds were identified, among which eupatolide and isoschaftoside belong to differential markers and characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which have good biological health care activity. The successful identification of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale in Longling area of Yunnan Province and the discovery of related differential markers play an important role in the further research and development of Dendrobium devonianum as a new food raw material and its products.