■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominoplasty has been among the most popular cosmetic procedures in plastic surgery in recent years. From the perspective of body image, making the new navel is a key part, and its absence, distortion, or poor healing compromises the surgical result. Several techniques have been described, but all with their limitations. The objective was to gather a summary of the surgical possibilities presented in the na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP), in addition to reintroducing the technique in H. Method: A qualitative review of the literature published in the RBCP in the period from 2000 to 2021 was carried out. Articles were included that described a proposal for umbilicoplasty, referring to the number of patients, age, follow-up time, assessment of patient satisfaction, and complications, excluding publications without aesthetic purposes or patients after major weight loss. Results: 38 articles were found, 7 of which were excluded by analyzing the titles and abstracts. Two independent authors reviewed the other articles, excluding another 20. In the end, 11 articles were included in this review. Conclusion: Omphaloplasty in abdominoplasties can be performed in several ways, providing surgeons with various alternatives. The H technique is one of these tools which can be widely used and bring consistent results.

■ RESUMO Introdução: A abdominoplastia está entre os procedimentos estéticos mais procurados na cirurgia plástica nos últimos anos. Dentro da perspectiva da imagem corporal, a confecção do neoumbigo é peça chave, e sua ausência, distorção ou má cicatrização comprometem o resultado cirúrgico. Diversas técnicas foram descritas, mas todas com suas limitações. O objetivo foi reunir um resumo das possibilidades cirúrgicas apresentadas na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP), além de reapresentar a técnica em H. Método: Foi realizada revisão qualitativa da literatura publicada na RBCP no período de 2000 a 2021. Foram incluídos artigos que descrevessem uma proposta de umbilicoplastia, referindo número de pacientes, idade, tempo de seguimento, avaliação da satisfação dos pacientes e complicações; sendo excluídas publicações sem fins estéticos ou pacientes pós grandes perdas ponderais. Resultados: Foram encontrados 38 artigos, sendo excluídos 7 pela análise dos títulos e resumos. Os demais artigos foram revisados por dois autores independentes, sendo realizada a exclusão de mais 20 artigos. No final, 11 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Conclusão: A onfaloplastia em abdominoplastias pode ser realizada de várias formas, possibilitando uma gama variável de alternativas para os cirurgiões. A técnica em H é mais uma dessas ferramentas, podendo ser amplamente utilizada e trazendo resultados consistentes.

RESUMO Introdução: A paralisia facial necessita de um tratamento multidisciplinar e as opções cirúrgicas são individualizadas para cada paciente e conforme a experiência da equipe médica. O Retalho Ortodrômico Temporal (ROT) é uma forma de correção bem documentada na literatura, com resultados satisfatórios. Um dos passos de sua realização é a coleta da fáscia lata para ponte entre o tendão temporal e os lábios. O objetivo é propor uma padronização da quantidade necessária de fáscia lata e técnica de coleta simplificada. Métodos: Descrição cirúrgica da medida de fáscia necessária para o procedimento e sua coleta. Resultados: Procedimento replicável e seguro conforme experiência do autor sênior. Conclusão: A tática de coleta proposta pode facilitar a realização deste procedimento e torná-lo mais seguro para os pacientes em diferentes serviços de saúde. Introdução médica ROT (ROT literatura satisfatórios lábios simplificada Métodos Resultados sênior Conclusão tornálo torná lo saúde

ABSTRACT Introduction: Facial palsy requires multidisciplinary treatment and surgical options are individualized for each patient and according to the experience of the medical team. The Orthodromic Temporalis Muscle Flap (OTF) is a well-documented form of correction in the literature, with satisfactory results. One of the steps of its accomplishment is the harvest of the fascia lata to bridge between the temporal tendon and the lips. The objective is to propose a standardization of the required amount of fascia lata and simplified harvest technique. Methods: Surgical description of the fascia measurement required for the procedure and its harvest. Results: Replicable and safe procedure according to the experience of the senior author. Conclusion: The proposed harvest tactic can facilitate this procedure and make it safer for patients in diferent health services. Introduction team OTF (OTF welldocumented well documented literature results lips technique Methods Results author Conclusion services

RESUMO Introdução: A microcirurgia reparadora é ramo hoje indissociável e imprescindível na cirurgia plástica. O treinamento é longo, custo financeiro relativamente alto e exige muito dos proponentes. Para melhorar essa equação a favor da formação de novos microcirurgiões no Brasil, é fundamental facilitar o acesso ao treinamento experimental, utilizando materiais simples. Huaraca descreveu uma técnica utilizando um simples fio mononylon 5-0 para substituir o clamp vascular, que é instrumento indispensável da anastomose microcirúrgica e geralmente de alto custo. O objetivo é comparar a técnica de Huaraca com fio de mononylon e o clamp metálico tradicional durante anastomose microcirúrgica vascular. Métodos: Seis ratos da raça Wistar cujas duas artérias femorais foram aleatoriamente selecionadas para sutura término-terminal após secção completa, sendo um dos lados realizado com clamp vascular habitual e o contralateral com técnica de Huaraca, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico e pelo mesmo cirurgião. Resultados: Em ambas as situações, a taxa de patência foi de 67% após 72 horas, sendo que o tempo médio foi de 26 minutos com a técnica de Huaraca e de 18 minutos com o clamp tradicional (p=0,001). Conclusão: Apesar do tempo de execução mais longo, a técnica de Huaraca é medida simples e de baixo custo que pode substituir o clamp vascular tradicional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reconstructive microsurgery is now an inseparable and essential branch of plastic surgery. The training is long, has a relatively high financial cost and requires a lot of the proponents. To improve this equation in favor of the formation of new microsurgeons in Brazil, it is essential to facilitate access to experimental training, using simple materials. Huaraca described a technique using a simple 5-0 mononylon thread to replace the vascular clamp, which is an indispensable instrument for microsurgical anastomosis and is generally expensive. The objective is to compare the Huaraca technique with mononylon thread and the traditional metal clamp during vascular microsurgical anastomosis. Methods: Six Wistar rats whose both femoral arteries were randomly selected for end-to-end suture after complete section, with one side performed with usual vascular clamp and the contralateral with Huaraca technique, at the same surgical time and by the same surgeon. Results: In both situations, the patency rate was 67% after 72 hours, with an average time of 26 minutes with the Huaraca technique and 18 minutes with the traditional clamp (p=0.001). Conclusion: Despite the longer execution time, the Huaraca technique is a simple and low-cost measure that can replace the traditional vascular clamp.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the impact of submersion of the microsurgical anastomosis suture area using saline (0.9% NaCl) in an experimental laboratory during the training of medical students and resident physicians. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 10) were selected to have the two femoral arteries sectioned and anastomosed end-to-end under optical magnification. They were randomly divided, so that on one side suturing was performed under submersion with saline, and the contralateral side was kept dry during the procedure. The surgical times, as well as the patency within 30 min and 72 h of the procedure, were evaluated. Results: Six male Wistar rats survived the surgical anesthetic procedure, with the average initial weight of 243.3 g and the average artery diameter of 0.86 mm, with average time of 15.67 min for the submerged technique and 20.50 min for the dry technique (p = 0.03). The failure rates were 17 and 50% for the submerged group and the dry one, respectively (p = 0.62). Conclusions: Submerged microvascular suture does not compromise the patency of the vessel or increase the time of anastomosis. Therefore, it is a strategy that can be applied by the surgeon according to his/her technical preferences.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in the end-to-side neurorrhaphy, focusing in the nerve regeneration and the muscle reinnervation in acute trauma. Methods: 140 animals were randomly divided in seven groups: control, denervated, end-to-side neurorrhaphy between distal stump of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve (ESN), ESN wrapped in fascia, ESN wrapped in fascia and platelet gel, ESN wrapped in platelet gel, ESN wrapped in fascia and platelet gel within stem cells (without culture) removed from the adipose tissue. Mass measurements of the animal and of cranial tibial muscles, electromyography, walking track analysis tests and histological examinations of the nerves and muscles after 180 days was performed. Results: In the groups where the ESN was performed, the results were always better when compared to the denervated group, showing reinnervation in all ESN groups. The most sensitive methods were walking track and histological analysis. Only the group with stem cells showed values similar to the control group, as well as the functional indices of peroneal nerve and the number of nerve fibers in the peroneal nerve. Conclusions: Stem cells were effective in ESN according with the functional index of the peroneal nerve, evaluated by walking track analysis and the number of nerve fibers in the peroneal nerve.

RESUMO Não é novidade para os cirurgiões plásticos, especialmente aos que se dedicam à cirurgia de face, que o nervo facial pode ser lesado virtualmente em qualquer cirurgia de ritidoplastia. Porém, apesar da importância contida nesse tema, não é tarefa simples encontrar na literatura artigos que abordem de forma objetiva a correlação entre lesão do nervo facial e cirurgia facial. Paralisias faciais, sejam elas completas ou não, podem se tornar situações potencialmente conflituosas na relação médico-paciente. Este artigo, portanto, visa propor de forma clara e sucinta, baseada na experiência dos autores, um guia de como evitar, identificar e tratar uma potencial lesão do nervo facial no contexto de uma cirurgia de face, em especial a ritidoplastia. plásticos face ritidoplastia Porém tema faciais médicopaciente. médicopaciente médico paciente. paciente médico-paciente artigo portanto sucinta autores evitar

ABSTRACT Is largely known that the facial nerve virtually can be injured in every facial lift. Even though its importance, it is difficult to find in the literature articles related to this theme. Complete or incomplete facial paralysis after a facial procedures, may become a very uncomfortable situation between the patient and the surgeon, that is why we propose in this article a guide which intends to help avoid, identify and manage a facial nerve injury in the event of a face lift. Identifying Facial palsy before the surgery: Intending to make the pre-op facial assessment as simple as possible, we suggest a systematic approach examination. Avoiding facial nerve injury during face lifting: Several technical details are discussed along the text aiming to minimize the risk of nerve damage during the surgical procedure. What to in the event of a post-operative facial palsy: The authors propose a logical approach to the facial palsy, suggesting a planning for diagnosis, classification of the lesion and a rational treatment for the injury. Conclusion: This article presents a guide showing some safe technical options to avoid nerve damage during rythidoplasty, how to identify the lesion and treat it if necessary. lift importance theme procedures surgeon surgery preop pre op possible examination lifting procedure postoperative post operative diagnosis Conclusion rythidoplasty necessary

Abstract Background and Objective The treatment for many facial deformities uses many kinds of autologous grafts or alloplastic materials. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has several advantages due to its hydrophobic properties, inducing less inflammatory reaction. Our study evaluates and compares the inflammatory reaction induced by silicone and PTFE stripes. Methods Fragments of silicone and PTFE implants were placed in rabbits ears using an incision and a subcutaneous gap. The histological analysis was made 8 weeks later. The samples were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and classified as chronic inflammatory reaction graduation, the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neoangiogenesis, fibroblasts, edema and presence of bleeding and scar. Samples to microbiological analysis and evaluation of bruise and abs- cess were collected at the moment of sacrifice. Results Prevalence of abscess at sacrifice and hematoma during the first weeks were significantly higher (p>0.05) in the silicon group. Conclusions PTFE induced as much inflammatory reaction as the silicon but with less abscess and hematoma formation.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivo Existen diferentes tipos de injertos autólogos y materiales aloplásticos para el tratamiento de las diversas deformidades faciales. El politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) tiene varias ventajas debido a su propiedad hidrofóbica, que induce menor reacción inflamatoria. Presentamos un estudio que evalúa y compara la reacción inflamatoria inducida por los implantes faciales de silicona y de PTFE. Material y Método Colocamos fragmentos de implantes de silicona y de PTFE en orejas de conejos mediante incisión y disección de un bolsillo subcutáneo. Realizamos análisis histológico a las 8 semanas: tinción de las muestras con hematoxilina /eosina y calificación del grado de reacción inflamatoria crónica, presencia de neutrófilos, linfocitos, eosinófilos, neoangiogénesis, fibroblastos y edema, presencia o no de hemorragia y valoración de la cicatriz. Hicimos la recolección de muestras para análisis microbiológico y evaluación de la presencia de hematoma y absceso en el momento del sacrificio. Resultados La prevalencia de abscesos en el sacrificio, el hematoma y el edema durante las primeras semanas, fueron significativamente menores (p <0.05) en el grupo de PTFE. Conclusiones El PTFE indujo reacción inflamatoria crónica al igual que la silicona, pero con menos absceso, edema y formación de hematomas.

▪ ABSTRACT Introduction: Aiming to obtain autogenous and injectable lipografts from resected tissues in dermolipectomies, this study proposes a new method for harvesting and processing adipose tissue through a specific fragmenting device. The main objective was to establish a comparative analysis of the quality and viability characteristics of the new lipofragmentation technique and those of the well-known liposuction technique, widely accepted as a viable source of fat grafting. In vivo and in vitro assays were designed to evaluate the biological behavior of the samples to guide new and possible human studies with clinical applications. Methods: A post-bariatric patient who underwent abdominal dermolipectomy had her surgical specimen resected, which was divided into four parts that underwent liposuction and lipofragmentation, with and without prior infiltration. All samples were centrifuged and distributed for assays with assessments involving histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cell culture, and xenograft injection on the back of 10 Wistar rats, which was evaluated after six weeks for mass, volume, and histological features. Results: The structural characteristics and biological behaviors of fragmented, dry, and infiltrated fat samples were similar to those of liposuction samples. Conclusions: Fat fragmentation transformed the subcutaneous cellular tissue of dermolipectomies into a new, viable injectable lipograft variant, with biological characteristics similar to those of traditional liposuction. Although still preliminary, our results support further investigations to optimize the technique and improve fat grafting and its possible applications in regenerative medicine.

▪ RESUMO Introdução: Com o objetivo de obter lipoenxerto autógeno e injetável de tecido ressecado em dermolipectomias, este estudo propõe um novo método para colheita e processamento do tecido adiposo, através de um dispositivo fragmentador específico. O principal objetivo foi estabelecer uma análise comparativa das características de qualidade e viabilidade do novo lipofragmentado em relação ao já conhecido lipoaspirado, amplamente aceito como fonte viável de lipoenxerto. Ensaios in vivo e in vitro foram delineados para avaliar o comportamento biológico das amostras, a fim de orientar novos e possíveis estudos em humanos com aplicações clínicas. Métodos: Uma paciente pós-bariátrica que foi submetida a dermolipectomia abdominal teve sua peça cirúrgica ressecada e dividida em quatro partes que foram submetidas a Lipoaspiração e Lipofragmentação, sem e com infiltração prévia. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a centrifugação e então distribuídas para os ensaios que envolveram avaliação histológica, imunohistoquímica, citometria de fluxo, cultura celular e ainda a injeção de xenoenxerto no dorso de 10 ratos Wistar, retirados após seis semanas para avaliação de massa, volume e características histológicas. Resultados: As amostras de gordura fragmentada, seca e infiltrada, mostraram características estruturais e comportamento biológico semelhantes aos das amostras de lipoaspirado. Conclusões: A fragmentação da gordura transformou o tecido celular subcutâneo das dermolipectomias em uma nova variante de lipoenxerto injetável e viável, com características biológicas semelhantes àquelas do lipoaspirado tradicional. Embora ainda preliminares, nossos resultados embasam a realização de novas investigações buscando otimizar a técnica com vistas ao aprimoramento da enxertia gordurosa e suas possíveis aplicações na medicina regenerativa.

Abstract Background and Objective The skin, subcutaneus and osseus changes over time are characteristic of the ageing face. Loss of soft tissue elasticity, volumetric changes, and facial muscular activity are largely responsible for facial wrinkles, and is the treatment of these that are the most frequent request of patients wanting to look younger. The objective of this study is to describe an alternative surgical technique to treat frontal wrinkles with less morbidity and longer results. Methods Thirty-one patients from 37 to 75 years old were submitted to frontal miectomy from 2003 to 2007. The incision was divided on superior eyelid, pre-capilar and transcapilar. Results Patients submitted to this technique had short recovery time with edema around 5 to 7 days. They returned to their normal activities in 7 days. No patients had intra or postoperative complications. All patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusions Frontal horizontal wrinkles treatment with frontal miectomy is a quick and minimally invasive procedure, with a long term result.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivo Los cambios cutáneos, subcutáneos y óseos son característicos del rostro envejecido a través del tiempo. La pérdida de elasticidad del tejido blando, los cambios volumétricos y la actividad facial muscular, son en gran parte responsables de las arrugas faciales y su tratamiento es la petición más frecuente de los pacientes que quieren un rejuvenecimiento facial El objetivo de este estudio es describir una técnica quirúrgica alternativa para tratar arrugas frontales con menos morbilidad y resultados más duraderos. Material y Método Recogemos un total de 31 pacientes entre los 37 y 75 años de edad intervenidos mediante miectomía frontal entre los años 2003 y 2007. La incisión fue dividida sobre el párpado superior, precapilar y transcapilar. Resultados El tiempo de recuperación postoperatoria fue corto, con edema en torno a los 5 a 7 días; retornaron a sus actividades habituales en 7 días. Ningún paciente tuvo complicaciones intra o postoperatorias. Conclusiones El tratamiento de arrugas horizontales de la frente con miectomía frontal es un procedimiento rápido, mínimamente invasivo, y que ofrece un resultado satisfactorio.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate three different kinds of neurorrhaphy of the peroneal nerve. Methods: Eigthy rats were divided into 5 groups. Control: nerve had no intervention. End-to-end (EE): nerve was cut and elongated with a nerve graft with two end-to-end neurorrhaphies. End-to-side (ES): nerve was cut and sutured to the graft with at the lateral side of the nerve. Side-to-end (SE): the nerve was cut and sutured to the graft with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Denervated: nerve was cut and both endings were buried into the muscle. The evaluation was done by walking track analysis, electrophysiology, body mass, cranial tibial muscle mass, nerve and muscle fibers morphometry. Results: The EE, ES and SE have the same potential of reinnervation. Conclusion: There is no functional or histological difference between these different types of neurorrhaphy.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The treatment of the pubic region is an integral part of lower body readjustment in post-bariatric patients, considering the pathophysiology and generalized characteristics of contour deformities after a considerable weight loss. The objective is to present our experience in the treatment of post-bariatric patients, exclusively by low marking of abdominoplasty with appropriate tissue mobilization vectors, without the necessity to leave vertical or oblique scars in the pubic region. Methods: The medical and photographic records of patients subjected to different abdominal approaches were retrospectively evaluated, applying the principles described above in the combined treatment of the pubic region. A low anterior skin incision was created, and angled cranial detachment towards the aponeurotic plane (with the bevel preserving the deep upper fat) and maintenance of excess fat on the upper edges to facilitate the fixation of the flaps through the superficial fascial system were performed. The outcomes’ quality was subjectively evaluated by a single observer. Results: In the case series of 126 consecutive patients, the strategy used restored the best position, tone, and shape of the pubis in 100% of the cases; the results were subjectively classified as good (40%) or very good (60%). The complications more frequently found in the post-operative period were small suture dehiscence (23.8%) and seroma formation (19%), with good evolution provided by dressings and serial punctures. Conclusion: The surgical strategy presented involving low positioning of the anterior incision and flap alignment in the superficial fascial system and skin by fixation allows the proper treatment of the pubic region during post-bariatric abdominoplasty procedures, without the need for additional resections and scars.

RESUMO Introdução: O tratamento da região pubiana é parte integrante do reajuste corporal inferior nos pacientes pós-bariátricos, tendo em vista a fisiopatologia e o caráter generalizado das deformidades de contorno após grandes emagrecimentos. O objetivo é apresentar nossa experiência no tratamento de pacientes pós-bariátricos, exclusivamente pela marcação baixa da abdominoplastia com vetores adequados de mobilização tecidual, sem a necessidade de cicatrizes verticais ou oblíquas na região do púbis. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente prontuários médicos e registros fotográficos de pacientes submetidos a diferentes abordagens abdominais, com aplicação dos princípios descritos acima no tratamento associado da região pubiana. Incisão cutânea anterior baixa, descolamento cranial angulado em direção ao plano aponeurótico (bisel preservando gordura profunda superior), e manutenção um excedente gorduroso nos bordos superiores para a facilitar a fixação dos retalhos através do Sistema Fascial Superficial. Uma avaliação subjetiva da qualidade dos resultados foi caracterizada por observador único. Resultados: Numa casuística de 126 pacientes consecutivos, a tática empregada possibilitou restabelecer a melhor posição, tônus e formato do púbis em 100% dos casos, cujos resultados foram subjetivamente classificados como bom (40%) ou ótimo (60%). As intercorrências mais frequentemente encontradas na evolução pós-operatória foram pequenas deiscências da sutura (23,8%) e seromas (19%), com boa evolução pelos curativos e punções seriadas. Conclusão: A tática cirúrgica apresentada, com posicionamento baixo da incisão anterior e aproximação dos retalhos por fixação no sistema fascial superficial e pele, possibilita o tratamento adequado da região pubiana durante as abdominoplastias pós-bariátricas, sem a necessidade de ressecções e cicatrizes adicionais.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluated the tubulization technique with standard and inside-out vein, filled or not with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in sciatic nerve repair. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: IOVNF (Inside-Out Vein with No Filling); IOVPRP (Inside-Out Vein filled with PRP); SVNF (Standard Vein with No Filling); SVPRP (Standard Vein filled with PRP); Sham (Control). The left external jugular vein was used as graft in a 10 mm nervous gap. Results: In the morphological analysis of all groups, myelinated nerve fibers with evident myelin sheath, neoformation of the epineurium and perineurium, organization of intraneural fascicles and blood vessels were observed. In the morphometry of the distal stump fibers, SVPRP group had the highest means regarding fiber diameter (3.63±0.42 μm), axon diameter (2.37±0.31 μm) and myelin sheath area (11.70±0.84 μm2). IOVPRP group had the highest means regarding axon area (4.39±1.16 μm2) and myelin sheath thickness (0.80±0.19 μm). As for values of the fiber area, IOVNF group shows highest means (15.54±0.67 μm2), but are still lower than the values of the Sham group. Conclusion: The graft filled with platelet-rich plasma, with use standard (SVPRP) or inside-out vein (IOVPRP), promoted the improvement in axonal regeneration on sciatic nerve injury.

There is a great variety of injuries that affect peripheral nerves derived from acquired or congenital degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system that cause loss of sensorimotor functions. The objective of this work was to perform an end-to-side or side-to-side experimental axonal stereological study in order to compare volume density of axons, endouneuro and myelin sheath (and muscle mass) in peroneal and tibial nerves, with anastomosis contact from 0.25 cm to 0.50 cm. After approval of the Ethics Committe, 20 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five rats each (G1= end-to-side neurorrhaphy; G2= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0.25 cm; G3= side-to-side neurorrhaphy of 0 cm and G4= Control of normality). After 180 days, fragments of peroneal and tibial nerves were collected for histological and stereological study. In comparative stereological experimental study between neurorraphies, the volume density of axons, myelin sheath of tibial and fibular nerves, as well as the post-surgical muscle mass, remains the same in end-to-side and side-to-side neurorraphies, regardless of contact area of anastomosis. It can be inferred, as surgical repair options, both end-to-side neurorrhaphy to recover and prevents atrophy of the endplate as side-to-side neurorraphy that is independent of the distance between the nerve stumps.

Gran variedad de lesiones atingen a los nervios periféricos, derivadas de enfermedades adquiridas o degenerativas congénitas que afectan la parte central del sistema nervioso y que ocasionan pérdida de funciones sensoriomotoras. El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar un estudio experimental estereológico axonal post neurorrafias termino-lateral o latero-lateral para comparar densidad de volumen de axones, endoneuro y vaina de mielina (así como masa muscular) en nervios fibular y tibial, con unión de contacto entre 0,25 cm y 0,50 cm. Tras la aprobación del comité de ética, fueran utilizados 20 ratones machos de la raza Wistar divididos en cuatro grupos de 5 ratones cada uno (G1= Neurorrafia término lateral; G2= Neurorrafia latero lateral de 0,25 cm; G3= Neurorrafia latero lateral de 0,50 cm y G4= Control). Posteriormente, fragmentos de los nervios tibiales y fibulares fueron procesados para estudios histológicos y estereológicos. En el estudio experimental estereológico comparativo entre neurorrafias termino-lateral y latero-lateral, la densidad de volumen de axones, endoneuro y vaina de mielina de nervios tibial y fibular y también la masa muscular post quirúrgica se mantuvo equitativa, independientemente del área de unión de contacto. Podemos inferir como opciones de reparación quirúrgica, que el tratamiento de la neurorrafia termino-lateral y latero-lateral previnen la atrofia de placa motora, independiente de la distancia entre los muñones nerviosos.

Accidents or diseases can affect the peripheral part of the nervous system, which raises clinical and surgical therapies, among others. In this context, the technique of end-to-side neurorrhaphy is a treatment option, yet its modification loop needs some additional efficacy studies. The purpose of this study was to compare, among rats, stereological results (axons volume density) after end-to-side neurorrhaphy and after end-to-side loop neurorrhaphy. Thirty Wistar rats were used, divided into six groups (five animals per group), consisting of two control groups (for the fibular and tibial nerves), two study groups for the fibular nerve (one with an end-to-side neurorrhaphy, and the other with an end-to-side loop neurorrhaphy) and two study groups for the tibial nerve (with an end-to-side neurorrhaphy and the other one with an end-to-side loop neurorrhaphy). After 180 days, all groups were sacrificed for axonal stereological analysis (volume density) in distal nerve stumps. There was significant maintenance of neuronal-axonal density in the distal stumps to neurorrhaphy (p<0.005) compared with the normal stumps. The end-to-side loop neurorrhaphy is a therapeutic option as suture technique after complete nerve section, in order to restore most of the axonal functional integrity.

Accidentes o enfermedades pueden afectar a la parte periférica del sistema nervioso, lo que plantea terapias clínicas y quirúrgicas, entre otras. En este contexto, la técnica de neurorrafia término-lateral es una opción terapéutica, sin embargo, su modificación en bucle necesita algunos estudios adicionales de eficacia. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar, en ratas, resultados estereológicos (densidad de volumen axonal) después de la neurorrafia término-lateral y de la neurorrafia en bucle término-lateral. Fueron utilizadas 30 ratas Wistar, divididas en seis grupos (cinco animales por grupo), siendo dos grupos control (para los nervios fibular y tibial), dos grupos estudio del nervio fibular (uno con neurorrafia término-lateral y otro con neurorrafia en bucle termino-lateral) y dos grupos estudio del nervio tibial (uno con neurorrafia término-lateral y otro con neurorrafia en bucle término-lateral). Después de 180 días, todos los grupos fueron eutanasiados y se realizó el análisis estereológico axonal (densidad de volumen) en muñones nerviosos distales. Hubo un mantenimiento significativo de la densidad neuronal-axonal en los muñones distales a la neurorrafia (p<0,005) en comparación con los muñones normales. La neurorrafia en bucle término-lateral es una opción terapéutica como técnica de sutura después de la sección completa del nervio, con el fin de restaurar la mayoría de la integridad funcional axonal.

PURPOSE: To describe an animal model of rapid intravenous infusion with different volumes of crystalloid and discuss the clinical findings. METHODS: Fifty six male Wistar rats were used, divided randomly in seven groups (n = 8). The rats of groups 1 to 6 received lactated Ringer´s solution intravenously, in the rate of 25 ml/min, with different volumes proportional to blood volume (BV). The rats of group 0 were submitted to the same procedure, but did not receive the fluid (control group). The data included respiratory rate, heart rate, saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) in two times (before and after the infusion), and upshots (respiratory arrest and death). Dunnett´s test and ANOVA were used. RESULTS: The clinical signs significantly changed in the 2, 2.5 and 3 fold BV groups. The respiratory arrest was observed in the 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 fold BV groups, but death was present only in 2.5 and 3 fold BV groups. CONCLUSIONS: The infusion of crystalloid in the same volume of blood volume did not cause significant variation in respiratory and heart rate, saturation of peripheral oxygen and did not induce respiratory arrest. The infusion of a volume of 3 fold blood volume was lethal to all animals.