ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare four depths of manual dissection for the preparation of Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty lamellae. Methods: Eye bank corneas were randomized into four groups according to dissection depths: Pachy-100 (incision depth = central corneal thickness-safety margin of 100 µm), Pachy-50 (safety margin of 50 µm), Pachy-0 (no safety margin), and Pachy+50 (incision depth = central corneal thickness + 50 µm). All endothelial lamellae were prepared using a standardized method of manual dissection (Pachy-DSEK). The central, paracentral (3.0-mm zone), and peripheral (6.0-mm zone) lamella thicknesses and incision depths were measured by optical coherence tomography. The 3.0-mm and 6.0-mm zone central-to-peripheral thickness ratios were calculated. Results: Endothelial perforation occurred only in the Pachy+50 group (n=3, 30%). Central lamella’s thickness in Pachy-100, Pachy-50, Pachy-0, and Pachy+50 groups measured 185 ± 42 µm, 122 ± 29 µm, 114 ± 29 µm, and 58 ± 31 µm, respectively (p<0.001). The overall 3.0- and 6.0-mm C/P ratios were 0.97 ± 0.06 and 0.92 ± 0.14, respectively. Preoperative donor characteristics were not correlated with most thickness outcomes. The planned incision depth correlated significantly with most lamella’s thickness parameters (p<0.001). The overall thickness of the lamella negatively correlated with the planned incision depth (p<0.001, r=-0.580). The best outcome was found in the Pachy-0 group, as 75% of the lamellae measured <130 µm and there was no endothelial perforation. Conclusions: By using a standardized method of dissection, most manually prepared lamellae presented a planar shape. Setting the incision depth to the central corneal thickness did not result in endothelial perforation and a high percentage of ultrathin lamellae was achieved.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar quatro profundidades de dissecção manual usadas no preparo de lamelas para transplante endotelial. Métodos: Córneas humanas de treinamento disponibilizadas foram randomizadas em quatro grupos: Pachy-100 (profundidade de incisão = espessura corneana central - margem de segurança de 100 µm), Pachy-50 (margem de segurança de 50 µm), Pachy-0 (sem margem de segurança) e Pachy+50 (profundidade de incisão = espessura corneana central + 50 µm). Todas as lamelas foram dissecadas através um método padronizado e já publicado (Pachy-DSEK). As espessuras das lamelas (centro, zona de 3,0mm e zona de 6,0mm) foram medidas com tomografia de coerência óptica. A razão de espessura centro-periferia foi calculada aos 3,0 e 6,0 mm de diâmetro. Resultados: Perfuração endotelial ocorreu apenas no grupo Pachy+50 (n=3, 30%). A espessura central da lamela nos grupos Pachy-100, Pachy-50, Pachy-0 e Pachy+50 foi de 185 ± 42 µm, 122 ± 29 µm, 114 ± 29 µm, e 58 ± 31 µm, respectivamente (p<0,001). As razões C/P aos 3,0 e 6,0 mm foram de 0,97 ± 0,06 e 0,92 ± 0,14, respectivamente. Os parâmetros de características do doador não se correlacionaram com os resultados de espessura de lamela. A profundidade planejada de incisão se correlacionou com a maioria dos parâmetros de espessura de lamela (p<0,001). A espessura de lamela se correlacionou negativamente com a profundidade planejada da incisão (p<0.001, r=-0,580). O melhor resultado foi observado no grupo Pachy-0, em que 75% das lamelas mediram abaixo de 130 µm e não houve perfuração endotelial. Conclusão: Através de um método padronizado de dissecção, a maioria das lamelas endoteliais apresentou uma configuração planar. O planejamento de profundidade de incisão igual à espessura corneana central resultou em alta porcentagem de lamelas ultrafinas sem ocorrência de perfuração.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of α-lipoic acid on in vitro maturation and of l-arginine on in vitro fertilization of oocytes for in vitro production of sheep embryos. Thus, the ovaries were collected at a local slaughterhouse and the oocytes collected by the method of follicular aspiration with a vacuum pump were divided equally into five maturation groups: CON, without addition of antioxidant; CIS group, with cysteamine as an antioxidant source; and the groups ALA5, ALA10 and ALA20, containing concentrations of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µM of ALA. After 24h of maturation, the oocytes were evaluated concerning occurrence and degrees of expansion of the cumulus cells. The oocytes of the best IVM group were destinated for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The selected and capacitated sperm were included in five groups: CON, without addition of capacitator agent; HEP group, with heparin as a capacitator source; and ARG5, ARG10 and ARG20 groups, where IVF occurred in the same HEP medium, replacing heparin with 5 mM, 10 mM and 20 mM L-arginine, respectively. The results were expressed as a percentage and the variables of cumulus cell expansion and number of cleaved structures were compared using the chi-square test in Epi Info software (Epi Info 7.2.5, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2021). Results were considered significant when P &lt; 0.05. Regarding the expansion of cumulus cells all groups showed 100% expansion, on the total expansion category of COCs it was observed that ALA5 and ALA20 groups did not present the same proportion of COCs with total expansion as CIS group. After in vitro fertilization (IVF), there were no statistical differences in relation to the cleaved structures between CON, HEP, ARG5 and ARG10 groups. However, it was also observed that the use of 20.0 mM of L-arginine reduced the percentage of cleaved structures when compared to the ARG10 group (P&lt;0.05).

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del ácido α-lipoico en la maduración in vitro y la l-arginina en la fecundación in vitro de ovocitos para la producción in vitro de embriones ovinos. Así, se recolectaron ovocitos de ovarios obtenidos de mataderos mediante el método de aspiración folicular con bomba de vacío, los cuales se dividieron en cinco grupos de maduración: CON, sin adición de antioxidante, grupo CIS, con cisteamina como fuente antioxidante y los grupos ALA5, ALA10 y ALA20, que contienen concentraciones de 5, 10 y 20 µM de ácido α-lipoico. Después de 24 h de maduración, se evaluó la aparición y el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo en los ovocitos. Los ovocitos del mejor grupo MIV fueron destinados a fecundación in vitro (FIV), siendo por tanto incluidos en gotas con medio de fecundación in vitro, junto con los espermatozoides seleccionados y capacitados, resultando en los siguientes grupos: CON, sin adición de agente capacitador; grupo HEP, con heparina como fuente de condensadores; y los grupos ARG5, ARG10 y ARG20, donde se produjo la FIV en el mismo medio HEP, reemplazando la heparina por L-arginina 5, 10 y 20 mM, respectivamente. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentajes y las variables expansión celular del cúmulo y número de estructuras escindidas se compararon mediante la prueba chicuadrado del software Epi Info (Epi Info 7.2.5, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2021). Los resultados se consideraron significativos cuando P lt; 0,05. En cuanto a la expansión de las células del cúmulo, todos los grupos mostraron 100% de expansión. Evaluando los grados de expansión de las células del cúmulo, en la categoría de expansión total, se observó que los grupos ALA5 y ALA20 presentaron la misma proporción de CCO con expansión total que el grupo CIS (Plt;0.05), sin embargo se observa que hay una tendencia a la baja de las estructuras con plena expansión cuando se utilizan antioxidantes. En cuanto a las estructuras escindidas, fue posible identificar que no hubo diferencias estadísticas en relación a las estructuras escindidas, entre los grupos CON, HEP, ARG5 y ARG10. Sin embargo, también se observó que el uso de Larginina 20 mM redujo el porcentaje de estructuras escindidas en comparación con el grupo ARG10 (Plt;0.05).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido α-lipóico na maturação in vitro e da l-arginina na fertilização in vitro de oócitos para produção in vitro de embriões ovinos. Desta forma, foram realizadas colheitas de oócitos oriundos de ovários obtidos em abatedouro através do método de aspiração folicular com bomba de vácuo, que foram divididos em cinco grupos de maturação: CON, sem adição de antioxidante, grupo CIS, com cisteamina como fonte antioxidante e os grupos ALA5, ALA10 e ALA20, contendo as concentrações de 5, 10, e 20 µM de ácido α-lipóico. Após 24h de maturação, os oócitos foram avaliados quanto à ocorrência e grau de expansão das células do cumulus. Os oócitos do melhor grupo MIV foram destinados à fertilização in vitro (FIV), sendo, portanto, incluídos em gotas com meio de fertilização in vitro, juntamente com os espermatozoides selecionados e capacitados, resultando nos seguintes grupos: CON, sem adição de capacitador agente; grupo HEP, com heparina como fonte de capacitor; e grupos ARG5, ARG10 e ARG20, onde a FIV ocorreu no mesmo meio HEP, substituindo a heparina por L-arginina 5, 10 e 20 mM, respectivamente. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e as variáveis de expansão das células do cumulus e número de estruturas clivadas foram comparadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado do software Epi Info (Epi Info 7.2.5, Atlanta, GA, EUA, 2021). Os resultados foram considerados significativos quando P lt; 0,05. Em relação à expansão das células do cumulus, todos os grupos apresentaram 100% de expansão. Avaliando os graus de expansão das células do cumulus, na categoria de expansão total observou-se que os grupos ALA5 e ALA20 apresentaram a mesma proporção de CCO com expansão total que o grupo CIS (Plt;0,05), porém se observa que há uma tendência de queda de estruturas com expansão total quando os antioxidantes foram utilizados. Em relação às estruturas clivadas, foi possível identificar que não houve diferenças estatísticas em relação às estruturas clivadas, entre os grupos CON, HEP, ARG5 e ARG10. Contudo, também foi observado que o uso de 20 mM de L-arginina reduziu o percentual de estruturas clivadas quando comparado ao grupo ARG10 (Plt;0,05).

RESUMO: A salinidade tem afetado negativamente o cultivo de hortaliças, sobretudo em regiões semiáridas. Neste sentido, o uso de elicitores que atuem na indução de tolerância ao estresse salino, como ácido salicílico, tem se destacado como uma alternativa promissora. Objetivou-se com esse estudo, avaliar os efeitos da pulverização foliar do ácido salicílico na mitigação do estresse salino na morfofisiologia e produção do pimentão cv. All Big. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Campina Grande - PB, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,8; 1,6; 2,4; e 3,2 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 mM), com três repetições. A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico na concentração de 1,6 mM atenuou os efeitos do estresse salino nas trocas gasosas, no crescimento, no peso médio de fruto e na produção total por planta, e diminuiu a porcentagem de extravasamento de eletrólitos intercelulares das plantas de pimentão cv. All Big aos 80 dias após o semeio.

ABSTRACT: Salinity has limited conventional vegetable cultivation, especially in semi-arid regions. In this regard, the use of elicitors that act to induce tolerance to salt stress, such as salicylic acid, has emerged as a promising alternative. This study evaluated the effects of foliar spraying with salicylic acid on the mitigation of salt stress on the morphophysiology and production of bell pepper cv. All Big. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in Campina Grande - PB, Brazil, adopting a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.8; 1.6; 2.4; and 3.2 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. The foliar application of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.6 mM attenuated the effects of salt stress in gas exchange, growth, mean fruit weight, and total production per plant, and decreased the percentage of intercellular electrolyte leakage of sweet pepper cv. All Big plants, at 80 days after sowing.

Abstract: This work aims to analyze the influence of low temperature on the toughness of a high-strength steel HARDOX 450® joints welded by the Metal Core Arc Welding (MCAW) process. Impact toughness tests (Charpy V-notch test) were performed on the 10 mm base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) at temperatures of -100 °C, -80 °C, -60 °C, -20 °C, 0 °C, and 25 °C to obtain the ductile-brittle transition curve for each of these regions. Additionally, the tensile test and metallographic characterization were performed in order to complement the evaluation of the welded joint. The results of the impact tests showed higher toughness values of the base metal compared to the other two regions of the weld joint analyzed (WM and HAZ). The low toughness present in the HAZ is related to its microstructure composed of Widmanstätten ferrite and coarse grain. However, temperatures of -100 °C and -80 °C show the absorbed energy values in the three regions remarkably close to each other (between 11 J and 20 J).

Resumo: O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência da temperatura baixa na tenacidade ao impacto de juntas de aço de alta resistência HARDOX 450® soldadas através do processo Metal Core Arc Welding (MCAW). Para tanto foram realizados ensaios de tenacidade ao impacto (ensaio de Charpy com entalhe em V) no metal base de 10 mm (MB), no metal de solda (MS) e na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) nas temperaturas de -100 °C, -80 °C, -60 °C, -20 °C, 0 °C e 25 °C com o objetivo de levantar a curva de transição dúctil-frágil para cada uma dessas regiões. Adicionalmente, foi realizado ensaio de tração e caracterização metalográfica a fim de complementar a avaliação da junta soldada. Os resultados dos ensaios de impacto mostraram maiores valores de tenacidade do metal base em relação às outras duas regiões da junta solda analisada (MS e ZTA). A baixa tenacidade apresentada na ZTA está relacionada à sua microestrutura composta por ferrita de Widmanstätten e grão grosseiro. Contudo, as temperaturas de -100 °C e -80 °C apresentam os valores de energia absorvida nas três regiões bem próximos entre si (de 11 J a 20 J).

ABSTRACT The use of removable partial dentures is considered a common and inexpensive treatment option to rehabilitate edentulous areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different materials for provisional removable partial dentures, an in vitro study on surface roughness and fracture resistance. Thermopolymerizable acrylic resin and thermoplastic resin specimens with dimensions of 10 x 10 x 2 mm (blocks) (n=10) and with dimensions of 65 x 20 x 3 mm (bars) (n=10 were analyzed for their surface roughness (Ra) and three-point flexural strength test. All specimens were subjected to oven aging for 60 days at 37°C±0.5°C in distilled water. The statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%, and the surface roughness data were submitted to the Two-way Anova statistical test (P < 0.05) and the mechanical strength data were subjected to One-way Anova statistical test (P < 0.05). For roughness, the factor resin type (P = 0.000) and the factor aging (P = 0.000) were statically significant, as well as showing interaction (P = 0.228). The Thermopolymerizable acrylic resin had the lowest mean roughness values compared to the thermoplastic resin and showed no statistical difference after aging. The same scenario was repeated for flexural strength values; Thermopolymerizable acrylic resin was statistically superior to thermoplastic resin (P = 0.000). Thermopolymerized acrylic resin showed lower surface roughness values and higher flexural strength values compared to thermoplastic resin.

RESUMO O uso de próteses parciais removíveis é considerado uma opção de tratamento comum e de baixo custo para reabilitar áreas edêntulas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes materiais para próteses parciais removíveis provisórias, um estudo in vitro sobre rugosidade superficial e resistência à fratura. Espécimes de resina acrílica termopolimerizável e de resina termoplástica com dimensões de 10 x 10 x 2 mm (blocos) (n = 10) e de 65 x 20 x 3 mm (barras) (n = 10) foram analisados em rugosidade superficial média (Ra) e teste de resistência à flexão de três pontos. Todos os espécimes foram submetidos ao envelhecimento em estufa por 60 dias a 37 ° C ± 0,5 ° C em água destilada. A análise estatística se deu com nível de significância de 5%, e os dados de rugosidade superficial foram submetidos ao teste estatístico Anova dois fatores (P <0,05) e os dados de resistência mecânica foram submetidos ao teste estatístico Anova um fator (P <0,05). Para rugosidade, o fator tipo resina (P = 0,000) e o fator envelhecimento (P = 0,000) foram estatisticamente significantes, além de apresentar interação (P = 0,228). A resina acrílica termopolimerizável apresentou menores valores médios de rugosidade em relação à resina termoplástica e não apresentou diferença estatística após envelhecimento. O mesmo cenário foi repetido para valores de resistência à flexão; a resina acrílica termopolimerizável foi estatisticamente superior à resina termoplástica (P = 0,000). A resina acrílica termopolimerizada apresentou menores valores de rugosidade superficial e maiores valores de resistência à flexão em relação à resina termoplástica.

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the largest cashew producers in the world, and its Northeast region stands out. However, cashew growth and development are negatively affected by irrigation with brackish water in its production. In this context, strategies have been employed to alleviate salt stress effects on plants. Among the strategies, the exogenous application of elicitor substances, such as salicylic acid, has stood out. Given the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid as an attenuator of salt stress on the morphophysiology of early dwarf cashew. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM), with three replicates and one plant per plot. Irrigation with water of electrical conductivity above 0.4 dS m-1 negatively affected the leaf relative water content, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of plants. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM attenuated the effects of salt stress on electrolyte leakage, relative water content, gas exchange, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and growth of early dwarf cashew irrigated using water with ECw of up to 3.6 dS m-1, at 210 days after transplanting.

RESUMO O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de caju do mundo, com destaque para região Nordeste. Entretanto, o crescimento e desenvolvimento são reduzidos pela irrigação com águas salobras. Neste sentido, estratégias têm sido empregadas com intuito de amenizar o estresse salino sobre as plantas. Dentre as estratégias, a aplicação exógena de substância elicitoras, como o ácido salicílico têm se destacado. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico como atenuante do estresse salino sobre a morfofisiologia do cajueiro anão precoce. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 × 4, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,4; 1,2; 2,0; 2,8 e 3,6 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0, 1, 2 e 3 mM), com três repetições e uma planta por parcela. A irrigação com água de condutividade elétrica acima de 0.4 dS m-1 afetou negativamente o conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, as trocas gasosas, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e o crescimento das plantas. O ácido salicílico na concentração de 1 mM atenuou os efeitos do estresse salino sobre o extravasamento de eletrólitos, o conteúdo relativo de água, as trocas gasosas, a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos e o crescimento do cajueiro anão precoce irrigado com CEa de até 3,6 dS m-1, aos 210 dias após o transplantio.

Abstract Studies on biometry are considered important tools for understanding the germination process of seeds. Moreover, the ex-situ conservation of palm seeds can cause loss of viability over time. The present study aimed to evaluate the biometric characterization and the effect of storage on the seed germination of the Triangle Palm (Dypsis decaryi), a widely used species in Brazilian landscaping. Two independent studies were conducted: I) biometric characterization of diaspores and II) effect of storage in seed germination. For biometry, a sample of 100 diaspores was used and the length, width and thickness were measured. Biometric data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The seeds were packed in transparent plastic bags kept in a refrigerator (20 ± 2 ºC and 80% relative humidity) for storage evaluation. The experimental design was entirely randomized. The treatments consisted of six storage periods (0 - control, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days); there were four repetitions and 25 seeds per plot. The germination percentage and germination speed index were evaluated. Diaspores showed little variation in their biometric characteristics, with a mean of 18.39 mm in length, 16.10 mm in width and 15.96 mm in thickness. There was significant and positive correlation between all biometric characteristics. It was observed that germination remained stable until 30 days of storage (90%), with a gradual percentage decrease in later periods. The seed storage allowed to maintain its viability and longevity with the ability to germinate, reaching a germination percentage of 63% after 150 days of storage.

Resumo Estudos sobre a biometria são consideradas ferramentas importantes para a compreensão do processo germinativo das sementes. Além disso, a conservação ex-situ de sementes de palmeiras pode causar perda de sua viabilidade ao longo do tempo. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a caracterização biométrica e o efeito do armazenamento na germinação de sementes da palmeira triangular (Dypsis decaryi), espécie muito utilizada no paisagismo brasileiro. Foram conduzidos dois estudos independentes: I) caracterização biométrica dos diásporos e, II) efeito do armazenamento na germinação de sementes. Para a biometria, foi utilizada uma amostra com 100 diásporos sendo realizadas as medidas do comprimento, largura e espessura. Os dados biométricos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e análise de correlação. As sementes foram acondicionadas em embalagem de saco plástico transparente dentro de refrigerador (20 ± 2 ºC e 80% de umidade relativa do ar) para avaliação do armazenamento. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis períodos de armazenamento (0 - controle, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias); foram quatro repetições e 25 sementes por parcela. Avaliou-se a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação. Os diásporos apresentam pequena variação nas suas características biométricas, com média de 18,39 mm de comprimento, 16,10 mm de largura e 15,96 mm de espessura. Houve correlação significativa e positiva entre todas as características biométricas. Observou-se que a germinação se manteve estável até 30 dias de armazenamento (90%), com queda gradual na porcentagem nos períodos posteriores. O armazenamento das sementes permitiu manter a sua viabilidade e longevidade com capacidade de germinar, obtendo percentagem de germinação de 63% após 150 dias de armazenamento.

Abstract Objectives: This study aims to describe a new secondary tracheoesophageal puncture technique with voice prosthesis insertion under local anesthesia with a low-cost device and evaluate its outcome. Methods: With a transoral flexible transillumination device of aluminum of 2.3 mm with fiberoptic light, the esophagus’s anterior wall is visualized through the tracheostomy. A tracheoesophageal fistula is made with a blade and passed through the fistula. Then a bent trocar is introduced into the lumen using the device as a guidewire. Once in the lumen, a thin guide wire is passed through up to the mouth. The voice prosthesis is positioned with retrograde insertion. Then, the patient is discharged without hospitalization. Results: 15 patients submitted to this technique had a successful surgical outcome. There were no complications as pneumothorax, esophageal perforation, bleeding, or hospitalization. Conclusion: The new device is feasible under local anesthesia.

RESUMO - O feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) é a segunda espécie mais importante do gênero, apresenta diversidade genética e potencial para produção bem como valor nutricional e econômico, sendo considerada alternativa alimentar e de renda. O objetivo do trabalho é aplicar o método REML/BLUP para estimar os parâmetros genéticos e predizer os valores genotípicos em populações F3 de feijão-fava. Foram avaliados doze caracteres em cinco populações de hábito de crescimento indeterminado (H39, H72, H53, H90 e H56). Para as análises foi utilizado o modelo 83 do programa Selegen. Considerando os parâmetros genéticos, os maiores valores de variância genética foram para altura de planta e número de vagens por planta. Espessura de vagem, e largura de sementes, demostraram situação favorável ao programa de melhoramento. Os ganhos de seleção foram maiores e significativos em largura de sementes nas populações 56 e 90 com 11.26 mm e 10.50 mm, respectivamente. Quanto ao comprimento e espessura de sementes os ganhos foram menos significativos e a população 53 foi a que apresentou o maior ganho. A metodologia REML/BLUP mostrou-se eficiente na estimação dos parâmetros genéticos e predição de ganhos em populações de feijão-fava. Os ganhos de seleção estimados indicam que os maiores ganhos foram obtidos para os caracteres altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta, espessura de vagem, largura de semente e número de dias para a maturação. As populações H53 e H56 se destacaram por apresentar sementes grandes e brancas sendo assim populações promissoras no melhoramento da espécie.

ABSTRACT - Based on its nutritional and economic value, the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is the second most important species of the genus. It has high genetic diversity and potential for production and is considered an alternative food and income source. The objective of this study was to apply the restricted maximum likelihood/ best linear unbiased prediction (REML/ BLUP) methodology to estimate genetic parameters and predict genotypic values in F3 populations of lima beans. Twelve characteristics were evaluated in five populations with indeterminate growth habits (H39, H72, H53, H90, and H56). Model 83 from the Selegen program was used for analysis. Considering the genetic parameters, the highest values of genetic variance were for plant height and number of pods per plant. Pod thickness and seed width are favorable for breeding programs. Seed width selection gain was significant for populations H56 and H90 at 11.26 mm and 10.50 mm, respectively. As for the length and thickness of seeds, the gains were less significant, with population H53 showing the greatest gain. The REML/ BLUP methodology proved efficient in estimating genetic parameters and predicting gains in lima bean populations. The estimated selection gains indicated that the highest gains were obtained for plant height, the number of pods per plant, pod thickness, seed width, and the number of days to maturity. Populations H53 and H56 stood out for having large and white seeds, thus being potential populations for species improvement.

Abstract Background: Melanoma thickness is a relevant prognostic marker that is crucial for staging and its calculation relies on the histopathological examination. There is a risk of thickness underestimation with an incisional biopsy if the latter is not performed on a tumor area where the thickness is maximal. This occurrence may have an impact on a therapeutic decision, particularly regarding the excision margins and the need for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Objective: To assess the association between melanoma thickness and dermoscopic, demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables, aiming to identify predictive factors of thickness >1 mm. Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study, carried out on patients diagnosed with melanoma, from a single center over a time span of four years. Anatomopathological (thickness), dermoscopic, demographic, epidemiological, and clinical variables were collected. The associations between the variables with melanoma thickness were assessed. Results: A total of 119 patients were included. The presence of atypical vessels on the dermoscopic examination was an independent predictive factor of thickness >1 mm. Conversely, an atypical reticular pattern predicted melanoma thickness <1 mm. The presence of ephelides and a previous history of sunburn were also associated with melanomas thinner than 1 mm in the univariate analysis. Study limitations: The lack of data related to some variables and the absence of an optimal correlation between the dermoscopic and the anatomopathological examination constituted study limitations. Conclusion: An atypical vascular pattern on dermoscopy is associated with thickness >1 mm, helping with the choice of the optimal site to perform an incisional biopsy when an excisional biopsy is not feasible.

ABSTRACT: The species Pinus taeda is largely used in intensive silviculture worldwide. This species has propagation through seeds, which requires determining seeds viability for their commercialization. The germination test recommended for this species usually requires up to 63 days to provide results on the quality of freshly harvested seeds, delaying commercialization and favoring contamination during the conduction of the test. The authors of this study aimed to establish the developmental stages of P. taeda seedlings to determine a criterion for interpreting the germination test with greater speed and efficiency to obtain results. The seeds were sown in transparent plastic boxes on two sheets of blotting paper and placed in a germinator at 22 °C with constant lighting. Five morphological stages of seedling development were defined with daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each criterion, distribution in time, and the accumulated percentage of normal seedlings adjusted to time-to-event nonlinear regression. The new interpretation criterion proposed in this study is efficient, and P. taeda seedlings can be considered normal when cotyledon leaves differ by approximately 3 mm between the integument and hypocotyl, reducing the time to conduct the germination test by up to ten days compared to the criterion usually used in the routine analysis of seed laboratories.

Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for Oxygen (O2) needs in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19. Methods: Prospective cohort involving pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from April to October 2020. The oxygen need was analyzed regarding risk factors: demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters at hospital admission, and chest Computer Tomography (CT) findings. Poisson univariate analysis was used to estimate the Relative Risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals. Results: 145 patients, 80 who used and 65 who did not use O2, were included. Body mass index ≥ 30, smoking, and chronic hypertension increased the risk of O2 need by 1.86 (95% CI 1.10–3.21), 1.57 (95% CI 1.16‒2.12), and 1.46 (95% CI 1.09‒1.95), respectively. Patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 and for obstetric reasons had 8.24 (95% CI 2.8‒24.29) and 3.44 (95% CI 1.05‒11.31) times more use of O2 than those admitted for childbirth and abortion. Respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths/min and O2 saturation < 95% presented RR for O2 requirements of 2.55 (1.82‒3.56) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.27-2.20), respectively. Ground Glass (GG) < 50% and with GG ≥ 50%, the risk of O2 use were respectively 3.41-fold and 5.33-fold higher than in patients who haven’t viral pneumonia on CT. The combination of C-reactive protein ≥ 21 mg/L, hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL, and lymphopenia < 1500 mm3 on hospital admission increased the risk of O2 use by 4.97-times. Conclusions: In obstetric patients, clinical history, laboratory, clinical and radiological parameters at admission were identified as a risk for O2 need, selecting the population with the greatest chance of worsening. HIGHLIGHTS In unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women, any need for oxygen supply increases the risk of invasive ventilation. Obesity, smoking and chronic arterial hypertension proved to be risk factors for the use of oxygen in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19. The combination of C-reactive protein ≥ 21 mg/L, hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL, and lymphopenia < 1500 mm on hospital admission and the presence of ground glass ≥ 50% in computer tomography increased the risk of O2 use by 4.97 and 5.33 times respectively in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the occlusal and internal marginal adaptation of inlay restorations made of different materials, using CAD-CAM. Methods Preparations were made for MOD inlays of one-third intercuspal width and 4 mm depth in 30 third human molars. The teeth were restored using CAD-CAM materials (n=10) of nanoceramic resin (Lava Ultimate), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (VITA ENAMIC), or lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). The specimens were cemented with dual resin cement and sectioned at the center of the restoration, after which the two halves were evaluated, and photographed The occlusal and internal discrepancy (µm) was determined at five points: cavosurface angle of the occlusal-facial wall (CA-O); center of the facial wall (FW); faciopulpal angle (FPA); center of the pulpal wall (PW); and center of the lingual wall (LW). The data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn tests (α=0.05). Results No difference was observed among the materials regarding the occlusal discrepancy at the CA-O, FPA, or PW internal points. The e.max CAD measurement at FW showed larger internal discrepancy than that of Lava (p=0.02). The internal discrepancy at LW was greater for e.max CAD than VITA ENAMIC (p=0.02). Conclusion Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic presented greater internal discrepancy in relation to the surrounding walls of the inlay preparations.

Abstract Background: The association of scaffolds to repair extensive bone defects can contribute to their evolution and morphophysiological recomposition. The incorporation of particulate biomaterials into three-dimensional fibrin bioproducts together with photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has potential and can improve regenerative medicine procedures. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of PBM therapy on critical size defects filled with xenogenic bone substitute associated with fibrin biopolymer. Methods: A critical defect of 8 mm was performed in 36 Wistar male adult rats that were divided into four groups. Groups BC and BC-PBM were defined as controls with defects filled by a clot (without or with PBM, respectively) and groups XS and XS-PBM that comprised those filled with biocomplex Bio-OssTM in association with fibrin biopolymer. PBM was applied immediately after the surgery and three times a week every other day, with the parameters: wavelength of 830 nm, energy density 6.2 J/cm2, output power 30 mW, beam area of 0.116 cm2, irradiance 0.258,62 W/cm2, energy/point 0.72 J, total energy 2.88 J. Fourteen and 42 days after the surgery, animals were euthanatized and subjected to microtomography, qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Results: The BC-PBM and XS-PBM groups had a similar evolution in the tissue repair process, with a higher density of the volume of new formed bone in relation to the groups without PBM (p = 0.04086; p = 0.07093, respectively). Intense vascular proliferation and bone deposition around the biomaterial particles were observed in the animals of the groups in which biocomplex was applied (XS and XS-PBM). Conclusion: PBM therapy allowed an improvement in the formation of new bone, with a more organized deposition of collagen fibers in the defect area. Biocomplex favored the insertion and permanence of the particulate material in bone defects, creating a favorable microenvironment for accelerate repair process.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to test, in vitro, the anti-cariogenic effect of experimental hybrid coatings, with nano clays of halloysite or bentonite, loaded with sodium fluoride or with a combination of sodium fluoride and stannous chloride, respectively. Methodology The varnish Fluor Protector (1,000 ppm of F-) was used as positive control and no treatment was the negative control. Enamel specimens (5 mm × 5 mm) were obtained from bovine teeth. The specimens (n=10) had their surfaces divided into two halves (5 mm × 2.5 mm each), in which one half received one of the treatments (Hybrid; Hybrid + NaF; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2; Hybrid + NaF Loaded; Hybrid + NaF + SnCl2 Loaded). The specimens were submitted to a cariogenic challenge using a biofilm model (S. mutans UA159, for 5 days). Enamel surfaces both under and adjacent to the treated area were analyzed for mineral loss and lesion depth, by transverse microradiography. The pH of the medium was measured twice a day, and the fluoride release was analyzed. Additional specimens were submitted to confocal analysis. Results Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). None of hybrid groups were able to reduce the lesion depth; the Hybrid + NaF group, however, was able to reduce mineral loss differing from the negative control (p=0.008). The groups showed no significant difference in the pH measurement and fluoride release. Confocal analysis confirmed that for all groups the biofilm growth was similar. Conclusion None of the hybrid groups reduced lesion depth, but the Hybrid + NaF group was able to promote protection against mineral loss.