Abstract Background: Religiosity and Spirituality (R/S), despite being different entities, are multidimensional constructs, whose influence on cardiovascular health has been increasingly studied in recent decades. Objectives: To discriminate patients into subgroups according to R/S levels, in order to compare them regarding the distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities and clinical events. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study. Two R/S scales were applied to a sample of patients seen at cardiology outpatient clinics. A cluster analysis was used to discriminate individuals into subgroups regarding R/S levels, which were subsequently compared regarding the frequencies of clinical variables related to cardiovascular health. A significance level of 5% was set for the statistical tests. Results: The sample included 237 patients with a mean age of 60.8 years (±10.7), of which 132 were female (55.7%). Cluster analysis (C) distinguished two groups: C1, with lower levels of R/S, and C2, with higher levels of R/S (p<0.001). C2 had a lower frequency of alcohol consumption (29.5% vs. 76.0%; p<0.001), smoking (12.9% vs. 51.0%; p<0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH — 65.5% vs. 82.3%; p=0.005), dyslipidemia (58.3% vs. 77.1%; p=0.003), chronic coronary syndrome (36.7% vs. 58.3%; p=0.001), and prior cardiovascular events (15.8% vs. 36.5%; p<0.001) when compared to C1. There was also a higher frequency of females in C2 (82.0% vs. 17.7%; p<0.001). Conclusions: A better cardiovascular morbidity profile was observed in the group of patients with higher R/S levels, suggesting a probable positive relationship between R/S and cardiovascular health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar o tropismo facetário com o lado e local do disco intervertebral no qual ocorreu a hérnia discal lombar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, no qual foram avaliados exames de Ressonância Nuclear Magnética de 255 pacientes com hérnia discal lombar submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico pelo Grupo de Coluna do Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo, entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Estratificou-se o total de pacientes pelo lado acometido pela hérnia discal (direito ou esquerdo), localização da hérnia no disco intervertebral (central, centro-lateral, foraminal e extra-foraminal) e por dados epidemiológicos, como idade, sexo etc. O grau de tropismo facetário foi mensurado pelo método de Karakan e classificado entre leve (diferença menor que 7º), moderado (entre 7º e 15º) e grave (diferença maior que 15º). Resultados: Foi verificada relação estatisticamente significativa (p= 0,023) entre o tropismo facetário e o lado em que ocorreu a hérnia discal lombar. Não foi encontrada correlação entre tropismo facetário e localização da hérnia discal no disco intervertebral. Conclusão: O grau de tropismo facetário apresenta correlação estatisticamente significativa com o lado do disco intervertebral no qual irá se desenvolver a hérnia discal. Nível de Evidência: II. Tipo de Estudo: Estudo retrospectivo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate facet tropism with the side and location of the intervertebral disc in which the lumbar disc herniation occurred. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study that evaluated Magnetic Resonance Imaging of 255 patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing surgical treatment with the Spine Group of the Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo between 2002 and 2014. The total patient number was stratified according to the side affected by the herniated disc (right or left), location of the hernia in the intervertebral disc (central, centrolateral, foraminal and extraforaminal) and demographic data, such as age, gender etc. The degree of facet joint tropism was measured by the Karakan method and classified as mild (difference less than 7º); moderate (between 7º and 15º) and severe (difference greater than 15º). Results: A statistical significant relationship (p= 0.023) was observed between the facet joint tropism and the side where the lumbar disc herniation occurred. No correlation was found between facet joint tropism and location of the herniation on the intervertebral disc. Conclusions: The degree of facet tropism presents a statistical significant correlation with the side of the intervertebral disc in which the lumbar disc herniation will develop. Level of Evidence: II. Type of study: Retrospective study.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Correlacionar el tropismo facetario con el lado y local del disco intervertebral en el cual ocurrió la hernia del disco lumbar. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, en el fueron evaluados exámenes de resonancia magnética nuclear de 255 pacientes con hernia discal lumbar sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico por el Grupo de Columna Vertebral del Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo, entre los años 2002 y 2014. El número total de pacientes fue estratificado de acuerdo con el lado acometido por la hernia discal (izquierda o derecha), localización de la hernia en el disco intervertebral (central, centro-lateral, foraminal o extra-foraminal) y datos epidemiológicos como edad, sexo etc. El grado de tropismo facetario fue medido por el método de Karakan y clasificado como leve (diferencia menor que 7º), moderado (entre 7º y 15º) y grave (diferencia mayor que 15º). Resultados: Se verificó una relación estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,023) entre el tropismo facetario y el lado en que ocurrió la hernia discal lumbar. No se encontró correlación entre el tropismo facetario y la localización de la hernia en el disco intervertebral. Conclusiones: El grado de tropismo facetario presenta correlación estadísticamente significativa con el lado del disco intervertebral en el cual se desarrollará la hernia discal lumbar. Nivel de evidencia: II. Tipo de Estudio: Estudio retrospectivo.

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade do tratamento preservativo de moirões de Eucalyptus sp. pelo método de substituição da seiva e comparar a penetração por meio dos métodos tradicionais e de segmentação fotocolorimétrica. Os moirões, com comprimento de 2,0 metros e diâmetro entre 8 e 12 cm, foram expostos às concentrações de 2; 3 e 4% de ingredientes ativos de produto a base de CCB, durante 10 dias. Foram analisadas as penetrações por duas metodologias, sendo uma pelo software Image Pro Plus 4.5, por meio de desempenho de segmentação fotocolorimétrica, e analisadas a retenção do produto em quatro posições nos moirões tratados. As peças submetidas aos tratamentos obtiveram baixa penetração, e por consequência, os valores de retenção foram inferiores do exigido para o contato direto com o solo. Por outro lado, a metodologia proposta por desempenho de segmentação fotocolorimétrica mostrou-se eficiente e, pode ser uma alternativa para determinar a penetração de forma mais precisa e ágil.

ABSTRACT The research object was evaluating the quality of preserving treatment of Eucalyptus sp. fence posts by the sap substitution method and comparing the penetration through the traditional and photocolorimetry segmentation methods. The fence posts, 2,0 meters long and with a diameter between 8 and 12 cm, were exposed to 2, 3 and 4% concentrations of CCB based-product active ingredients for 10 days. The penetrations were analyzed using two methodologies, one by the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software, using photocolorimetry segmentation method performance, and by analyzing the product retention in four positions of the treated fence posts. The treatment submitted pieces attained low penetration and, thus, the retention values were less than the required for direct contact with the ground. On the other hand, the proposed photocolorimetry segmentation methodology was efficient and could be an alternative to determine a more precise and fast penetration.