Abstract This cross-sectional study compared the indicative of Muscle dysmorphia in CrossFit athletes. Participants were 276 male and female CrossFit athletes with an average age of 28.56 ± 8.08 years. A questionnaire was used with questions about age, practice time and frequency of Crossfit practice, as well as the questionnaire of the Adonis complex. Data analysis was conducted through Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests, and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). The adopted significance was p<0.05. The results showed that men obtained higher indicative of muscle dysmorphia in comparison to women as well as competitive athletes showed higher score than recreational athletes (p<0.05). It was found significant (p<0.05) and negative correlation of the indicative of muscle dysmorphia with training frequency (Rho=-0.51) among recreational athletes, and positive correlation (Rho=0.19) among competitors. It is concluded that being male and having a competitive profile are actors in the presence of Muscle dysmorphia in CrossFit athletes.

Resumo Este estudo transversal comparou o indicativo de dismorfia muscular em praticantes de crossfit. Participaram da pesquisa 276 praticantes de CrossFit, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 28,56 ± 8,08 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário com perguntas sobre idade, tempo e frequência da prática do Crossfit, além do questionário do complexo Adonis. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Mann-Whitney, e a correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens apresentaram maior indicativo de dismorfia muscular em quando comparados às mulheres assim como os competidores apresentaram escores superiores do que os praticantes recreacionais (p<0,05). Verificou-se correlação significativa (p<0,05) e negativa do indicativo de dismorfia muscular com a frequência de treinamento (Rho=-0.51) entre os praticantes recreacionais, e correlação positiva (Rho=0.19) entre os competidores. Concluiu-se que ser homem e ter um perfil competitivo são fatores que podem desencadear a dismorfia muscular em praticantes de crossfit.

Abstract This study examined how basic psychological needs satisfaction can predict youth participants’ life skills development according to gender and sport type. A sample of 461 Brazilian youth sport participants (325 boys and 136 girls) ranging between 10 and 17 years was included. Data collection was conducted through the Life Skills Scale for Sport and Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale. Overall, the three subscales of basic psychological needs satisfaction explained a significant amount of the variance in eight life skills (R2 range = .02 to .08 p < .05) and total life skills (R2 = .07; p < .001) in male athletes. Concerning female athletes, multiple regression analyses revealed significant variance only for teamwork (R2=.09; p<.01) and goal setting (R2= .06; p<.05). Regarding the type of sport, the model presented a significant amount of the variance in eight life skills (R2 range = .02 to .05 p < .05) and total life skills (R2 = .08; p < .001) in team sports. Lastly, in individual sports, multiple regression analyses revealed significant variance only on goal setting (R2= .04; p<.05). Findings showed that youth sport coaches could focus on youth participants’ basic psychological needs when trying to foster life skills development across sport contexts. Based on these findings, several suggestions for improving future research and practice in this area are presented.

Resumo Este estudo examinou como a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas pode prever o desenvolvimento de competências para a vida dos jovens participantes de acordo com o género e o tipo de desporto. Foi incluída uma amostra de 461 atletas juvenis brasileiros (325 meninos e 136 meninas) com idades entre 10 e 17 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da Escala de Habilidades para a Vida no Esporte e da Escala de Satisfação de Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas no Esporte. No geral, as três subescalas de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas explicaram uma quantidade significativa da variância em oito habilidades para a vida (faixa R2 = 0,02 a 0,08 p < 0,05) e habilidades para a vida totais (R2 = 0,07; p < 0,001) em atletas masculinos. Em relação às atletas femininas, as análises de regressão múltipla revelaram variância significativa apenas para trabalho em equipe (R2=0,09; p<0,01) e estabelecimento de metas (R2= 0,06; p<0,05). Em relação ao tipo de esporte, o modelo apresentou uma quantidade significativa de variância em oito habilidades para a vida (faixa R2 = 0,02 a 0,05 p < 0,05) e habilidades para a vida totais (R2 = 0,08; p < 0,001) em equipes. Esportes. Por último, nos desportos individuais, as análises de regressão múltipla revelaram variância significativa apenas no estabelecimento de metas (R2= 0,04; p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que os treinadores desportivos juvenis podem concentrar-se nas necessidades psicológicas básicas dos jovens participantes ao tentarem promover o desenvolvimento de competências para a vida em contextos desportivos. Com base nestas conclusões, são apresentadas uma série de sugestões para melhorar futuras pesquisas e práticas nesta área.

Resumen La relación entre entrenador y atleta ha sido identificada como un factor determinante para varios resultados positivos en el contexto deportivo. Por lo tanto, los objetivos del estudio fueron analizar la asociación entre la calidad de la relación en trenador-atleta (CAR) y la percepción de la cohesión del equipo de los atletas jóvenes. Participaron 301 atletas, de 15 a 17 años, que compitieron en los Juegos Escolares de Pernambuco, Brasil. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Relación Entrenador-Atleta (CART-Q) y el Cuestionario de Ambiente Grupal (GEQ). El análisis de los datos se realizó a través del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (p <.05). Los resultados mostraron que la calidad de la CAR mostró una asociación significativa (p <.05) con la cohesión del equipo, explicando el 25% de la varianza de la cohesión de la tarea y el 15% de la cohesión social. Específicamente, el efecto de CAR en la cohesión de tareas (β = 0.50) y social (β = 0.39) fue significativo (p <.05) y positivo. Se concluyó que la calidad de CAR es un factor clave para el compromiso del adolescente con el trabajo en equipo y las metas de este, así como para el desarrollo de relaciones interpersonales positivas.

Abstract The relationship between coach and athlete has been identified as a key factor for several positive outcomes in the sports context. Thus, the aims of this study were to analyze the association between the quality of the coach-athlete relation ship (CAR) and the perception of team cohesion of youth athletes. Participants were 301 athletes, aged 15 to 17 years, who participated in the School Games of Pernambuco, Brazil. The instruments used were the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Data analysis was conducted through the Structural Equation Modeling (p< .05). The results showed that the quality of CAR showed a significant association (p<.05) with team cohesion, explaining 25% of the variance of task cohesion and 15% of social cohesion. Specifically, the effect of CAR on task (β = 0.50) and social (β = 0.39) cohesion was significant (p<.05) and positive. It was concluded that the quality of CAR is a key factor for the engagement of the adolescent with the teamwork and its goals as well as for the de velopment of positive interpersonal relationships.

Abstract The present study investigated the cohesion of teams and group conflict, based on the theory of compliance goals, in young Brazilian athletes participating in the final phase of the School Games in the state of Pernambuco. The participants were 413 young athletes, boys (n = 227) and girls (n = 186) aged between 14 and 17 years. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to assess the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (P-YSEQ), Group Conflict Questionnaire (P-GCQ) and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ). The data were analyzed using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis, chi-square test, multiple regression and multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA). The results showed that task orientation made the largest positive contribution to both task (β= 0.50, p < 0.001) and social (β= 0.31, p < 0.05) cohesion. Ego orientation made the largest positive contribution to task conflict (β= 0.49, p < 0.001) and social conflict (β= 0.67, p < 0.001), whilst task orientation made a negative contribution (β= -0.34, p < 0.05) for social conflict. Compared to the high task and low ego cluster (Cluster 3) was compared with low ego and task (Cluster 2) and high task and low ego cluster (Cluster 1), there was a significant difference between groups in task cohesion (p = 0.001), task conflict (p =0.003) and social conflict (p = 0.001). It is concluded that task orientation seems to be a positive predictor of team cohesion, while ego orientation might predict positively group conflict and negatively task cohesion.

RESUMO Introdução: Declínio cognitivo é uma condição prevalente, apesar de ainda pouco representada em estudos de países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Calcular a prevalência de declínio cognitivo e depressão de uma população de idosos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Nós calculamos a prevalência de demência, declínio cognitivo sem demência (DCSD) e sintomas de depressão de uma população idosa de uma cidade assistida pelo sistema público de saúde. Um estudo epidemiológico foi conduzido em Pelotas, Brasil, no contexto de atenção primária incluindo 299 idosos (idade média = 69.75±7.6 anos), apresentando baixo nível educacional (média de anos de educação = 4.16±3.17). Esses indivíduos realizaram teste de rastreio cognitivo, e seus prontuários foram analisados. Resultados: Um total de 142 (47.5%) idosos apresentaram declínio cognitivo, dos quais 104 (34.8%) destes indivíduos atenderam a critérios cognitivos de DCSD e 38 (12.7%) indivíduos atenderam a critérios cognitivos para demência. Dentre todos indivíduos que completaram o rastreio, 141 (48.4%) foram positivos para sintomas de depressão, enquanto 99 (34%) não tinham diagnóstico em seus prontuários. Conclusão: Em suma, nós descrevemos uma prevalência alta de deterioro cognitivo entre idosos em um estudo de atenção primária. Nós também achamos um grande número de idosos com sintomas de depressão sem diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Background: Cognitive decline is a common condition, but is still underrepresented in studies conducted in developing countries. Objective: To calculate the prevalence of cognitive decline and depression in an elderly community-dwelling population in a city in southern Brazil. Methods: We calculated the prevalences of dementia, cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) and symptoms of depression in an elderly population relying on the public healthcare system. This epidemiological study in Pelotas, Brazil, was conducted within the primary care setting. It included 299 older adults (mean age = 69.75 ± 7.6 years) who presented low levels of education (mean = 4.16 ± 3.17 years of education). They underwent cognitive screening and their medical records were analyzed. Results: Among these older adults, 142 (47.5%) presented cognitive decline: 104 (34.8%) matching the cognitive criteria for CIND and 38 (12.7%) matching the cognitive criteria for dementia. Among all the individuals who completed the cognitive screening, 141 (48.4%) were positive for symptoms of depression, of whom 99 (34%) did not have any previous diagnosis in their medical records. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of cognitive impairment among these older adults in a primary care setting. A large number of older adults were found to have symptoms of depression without any diagnosis.

Abstract Objective: the objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between vigorous physical activity and body composition in older people who attend primary care centers. Material and methods: this study is characterized by being a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study in 654 older adults (288 men and 366 women), most of them between 60 and 69 years of age (59 %), attending primary care centers in the city of Maringá, Brazil. The participants were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), anthropometric measurements, and a sociodemographic questionnaire to characterize the sample. Results: older adults who practice physical activities in primary care centers with vigorous intensity are associated with lower abdominal circumference, waist, hip, quadriceps, and calf measurements when compared to older people with low or moderate levels of physical activity. Conclusions: the practice of vigorous physical activity is related to low body perimeters (abdominal, hip, waist, calf) in older adults who attend primary care centers.

Resumen Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la actividad física vigorosa y la composición corporal en personas mayores que asistían a centros de atención primaria. Material y métodos: este estudio se caracteriza por ser un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y transversal de 654 adultos mayores (288 hombres y 366 mujeres), la mayoría de ellos de 60 a 69 años (59 %), que asistían a centros de atención primaria en la ciudad de Maringá, Brasil. Los participantes fueron evaluados con el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), mediciones antropométricas y un cuestionario sociodemográfico para caracterizar la muestra. Resultados: los ancianos que practican actividad física en los centros de atención primaria con intensidad vigorosa presentan mediciones más bajas de circunferencia abdominal, cintura, cadera, cuádriceps y pantorrilla en comparación con las personas mayores que practican actividad física de baja a moderada intensidad. Conclusiones: la práctica de actividad física vigorosa está relacionada con bajos perímetros corporales (abdominal, cadera, cintura, pantorrilla) en las personas adultas mayores atendidas en centros de atención primaria.

RESUMO Este estudo transversal analisou o papel da resiliência sobre a motivação de paratletas de atletismo e natação. Os sujeitos foram 64 atletas do sexo masculino (n = 41) e feminino (n = 23) das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Os atletas eran das modalidades de atletismo (69,5%) e natação (30,5%), com idade média de 28,42 ± 11,32 anos. Os instrumentos foram a Escala de Motivação Esportiva II e a Escala de Resiliência Connor-Davidson. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlação de Spearman e a Path Analysis (p <0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a resiliência apresentou correlação significativa (p <0,05) com todas as regulações de motivação autônoma e controlada: externa (r = 0,29), introjetada (r = 0,40), identificada (r = 0, 29), integrada (r = 0,26 ) e intrínseca (r = 0,42). Path Analysis revelou que a resiliência apresentou efeito significativo (p < 0,05) sobre as regulações intrínseca, introjetada e externa, explicando 16%, 11% e 11% da variância das variáveis, respectivamente. Destaca-se que que o efeito foi moderado e positivo sobre as regulações intrínseca (β = 0,40), introjetada (β = 0,33) e externa (β = 0,33). Concluiu-se que, no contexto do atletismo e da natação paralímpica, a resiliência parece ser um fator interveniente na motivação autônoma e controladaa.

ABSTRACT This cross-secctional study investigated the role of resilience on motivation among athletics and swimming parathletes. The subjects were 64 male (n=41) and female (n=23) parathletes from North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The parathletes were practitioners of athletics (69.5%) and swimming (30.5%), with mean age of 28.42±11.32 years. The instruments were the Sport Motivation Scale-II and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data analysis was conducted thorugh Kolmogorov Smirnov, Spearman correlation and Path Analysis (p<0.05). The results showed that resilience showed significant correlation (p<0.05) with all controlled and autonomous regulations: external (r=0.29), introjected (r=0.40), identified (r=0.29), integrated (r=0.26) and intrinsic (r=0.42). Path Analysis revealed that that resilience showed a significant (p 0.05) and effect on intrinsic, introjected and external regulations, explaining 16%, 11% and 11% of the variance of the variables, respectively. It should be noted that resilience had a moderate and positive effect on intrinsic (β=0.40), introjected (β=0.33) and external (β=0.33) regulations. It was concluded that in the context of the paralympic athletics and swimming, resilience seems to be an intervening factor on both autonomous and controlled motivation.

RESUMO A sarcopenia é uma síndrome caracterizada pela perda progressiva de massa muscular e está associada a desfechos adversos na saúde de idosos. A atividade física tem sido apontada como uma importante ferramenta para a prevenção da sarcopenia. Diante disso, este estudo investigou a relação da duração e frequência da prática de atividade física com os indicativos de sarcopenia de idosos. Participaram deste estudo transversal 551 idosos praticantes de atividade física nas academias da terceira idade do município de Maringá (PR). Como instrumentos foram utilizados o international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) e o SARC-F. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlação de Spearman e a análise de equações estruturais (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os idosos deste estudo realizam atividades físicas leves (Md=3) e moderadas (Md=2) semanalmente, mas não praticam atividades vigorosas (Md=0), e apresentam baixo indicativo de sarcopenia (Md=1). A análise de equações estruturais revelou que as variáveis de atividades leves e moderadas apresentaram associação significativa (p<0,05), e negativa com o escore de indicativo de sarcopenia, entretanto fraca (β<0,20), explicando 7% da sua variabilidade. Concluiu-se que a prática de atividades física leves e moderadas parece ser fator interveniente no indicativo de sarcopenia em idosos.

ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Physical activity has been pointed out as an important tool for its prevention. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship of sedentary lifestyle, duration and frequency of physical activity with the indicator of sarcopenia in older adults. Five hundred and fifty-one physically active older adults enrolled in senior fitness centers of Maringá (PR) participated in this cross-sectional study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the SARC-F were the instruments used. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and the Structural Equation Analysis (p<0.05). Results showed that older adults participated in mild to moderate physical activities weekly, but not vigorous ones, besides exhibiting low sarcopenia indicators. Structural Equations analysis revealed that the variables of mild and moderate activity presented a significant (p<0.05) and negative correlations with the sarcopenia indicators score, however weak (β<0.20), explaining its 7% variability. It was concluded that the practice of mild and moderate physical activity affect sarcopenia indicators in older people.

RESUMEN La sarcopenia es un síndrome caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de masa muscular y que está asociada a resultados adversos en la salud de los ancianos. La actividad física ha sido señalada como una importante herramienta para la prevención de la sarcopenia. Por lo tanto, este estudio investigó la relación de la duración y frecuencia de la práctica de actividad física con los indicativos de sarcopenia de ancianos. En este estudio transversal participaron 551 ancianos practicantes de actividad física en las Academias de la tercera edad del municipio de Maringá (PR). Como instrumentos se utilizaron el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el SARC-F. El análisis de los datos fue conducido por medio de las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlación de Spearman y el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (p<0,05). Los resultados evidenciaron que los ancianos realizan actividades físicas leves (Md=3) y moderadas (Md=2) semanalmente, pero no actividades vigorosas (Md=0), además de bajo indicativo de sarcopenia (Md=1). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales reveló que las variables de actividad leves y moderadas presentaron una asociación significativa (p<0,05) y negativa con la puntuación del indicativo de sarcopenia, sin embargo débil (β<0,20), explicando el 7% de su variabilidad. Se concluyó que la práctica de actividades físicas leves y moderadas parece ser un factor interviniente en el indicativo de sarcopenia en ancianos.

RESUMO No Brasil, os campeonatos de futebol para crianças e adolescentes são geralmente organizados e divididos por categorias relacionadas a faixas etárias (normalmente a cada dois anos), com o objetivo de promover maior equilíbrio e justiça na competição. Embora produzam certo cenário de proximidade de capacidades de desempenho entre os participantes, por outro lado, tal divisão comporta e sustenta algumas condições de desigualdade de ofertas de oportunidades de aprendizagem. Isso somado a questões de ordem sociocultural e pedagógica, estrutura um fenômeno denominado Efeito da Idade Relativa (EIR). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência do EIR em goleiros e goleiras dos Campeonatos Brasileiros de futebol masculino e feminino da Série A no ano de 2018. As informações sobre as datas de nascimento dos(a) atletas foram coletadas através do site oficial da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol. O grupo masculino foi composto por 68 goleiros dentro de uma população de 73 indivíduos, enquanto o grupo feminino foi composto por 39 de um total de 43 goleiras. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Os resultados revelam que o EIR não acontece nesta população, em nenhum dos gêneros. Isso pode ocorrer por existir menor concorrência por vagas de goleiros e goleiras em equipes de futebol. Conclui-se que, para o gênero masculino e feminino, a data de nascimento não parece influenciar a oferta de oportunidades para goleiros atingirem a elite do futebol brasileiro.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, soccer championships for children and adolescents are generally organized and divided into categories by age group (usually every two years), with the aim of bringing about greater balance and fairness in the competition. Although they create a certain scenario in which performance capabilities are similar among participants, such division, on the other hand, enables and sustains some conditions that provide unequal learning opportunities. Coupled with socio-cultural and pedagogical issues, it structures a phenomenon called Relative Age Effect (RAE). The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of RAE among male and female goalkeepers that competed in the A series of the 2018 Brazilian men’s and women’s soccer championships. Information about the athletes’ birth dates was collected from the official website of the Brazilian Football Confederation. The male group was composed of 68 goalkeepers within a population of 73 individuals, while the female group was composed of 39 of totals of 43 goalkeepers. For statistical analyses, the chi-square test was used. Results reveal that the RAE does not happen in this population, regardless of gender. This may be due to the goalkeeper position in soccer teams being less contested. It is concluded that, for both males and females, date of birth does not seem to influence the offer of opportunities for goalkeepers to reach the elite of Brazilian soccer.

Resumo Introdução: A multimorbidade é considerada atualmente uma condição clínica relevante devido à sua gravidade e alta prevalência entre os idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar se a multimorbidade é um fator interveniente na funcionalidade do idoso fisicamente ativo. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 70 idosos de ambos os sexos que praticam exercícios nas academias da terceira idade do município de Maringá, estado do Paraná. Um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Avaliação da Incapacidade da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHODAS 2.0) foram utilizados como instrumentos. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste de Kruskal-Wallis, teste de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman, além da Análise de caminhos (p <0,05). Resultados: Os idosos com mais de duas doenças apresentaram pior funcionalidade do que os que não possuíam ou possuíam de uma a duas doenças (p <0,05). O número maior de doenças mostrou associação significativa (p <0,05), com redução nos escores dos domínios funcionais, o que explica de 15% a 31% da variabilidade das variáveis. Especificamente, o número de doenças foi positivamente associado ao forte efeito nos domínios referidos como autocuidado (β = 0,56) e cognição (β = 0,55), além de efeito moderado nos domínios de relações interpessoais (β = 0,39) e participação social (β = 0,39). Conclusão: concluiu-se que a multimorbidade pode ser considerada como um fator interveniente na funcionalidade de idosos que praticam atividade física.

Abstract Introduction: Multimorbidity is currently considered as a relevant clinical condition due to its severity and the high prevalence among the elderly. Objective: Assessing whether multimorbidity is an intervening factor in the functionality of the physically active elderly. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 70 older people of both sexes who practice exercises at the Fitness zones (FZ) in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná. A sociodemographic questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS 2.0) were used as instruments. Data analysis was performed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation, in addition to the Path Analysis (p <0.05). Results: the elderly who have more than two diseases showed worse functionality than the ones with none or from 1 to 2 diseases (p <0.05). The number of diseases showed a significant association (p <0.05) with a reduction in functional domain scores, which explains from 15% to 31% of the variable’s variability. Specifically, the number of diseases was positively associated with the strong effect on the domains referred to as self-care (β = 0.56) and cognition (β = 0.55), besides a moderate effect on interpersonal relationships (β = 0.39) and social participation domains (β = 0.39). Conclusion: it was concluded that multimorbidity can be considered as an intervening factor in the functionality of elderly people who practice physical activity.

Abstract Aims: This cross-sectional study investigated the predicting role of perfectionism on the perception of team cohesion among futsal athletes. Methods: One hundred and forty of futsal athletes (24.8±4.9 years) were included who participated of a Brazilian Amateur Cup in 2017. The instruments were Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 and Group Environment Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through the Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis (p < .05). Results: The data showed the following significant correlations (p < .05): Group-Integration Task (GI-T) with Organization-Personal Standards (OPS) (r = .27) and Doubts About Action (DAA) (r = -.24); Group-Integration Social (GI-S) with OPS (r = .18); Individual Attraction to Group-Task (IA-T) with OPS (r = .25); Individual Attraction to the Group-Social (IA-S) with OPS (r = .17). Multiple regression showed that OPS showed a positive association with task cohesion dimensions (GI-T and IA-T), while DAA showed a negative association with both social (GI-S and IA-S) and task (GI-T) cohesion. Further, perceived parental pressure showed positive association with GI-S. Conclusion: our findings show that perfectionistic striving could be a positive predictor of task cohesion, while perfectionistic concerns might predict negatively both social and task cohesion.

Abstract Aims: To investigate elite women sports career development can be a way to better understand how gender issues and specific women sport practice conditions have influenced athletes’ life and personal experiences, also subside reflections on policies and pedagogic intervention on the sport. The aims of this study were to investigate and describe the process of sports career development lived by Brazilian women elite futsal players, based on their own sport experiences and perspectives on futsal. Methods: Data of this qualitative study were produced by semi-structured retrospective interviews with 13 Brazilian elite women futsal players. Data gathering and data analysis were based on the Grounded Theory method. Results: This section is organized in four axes, with their main categories in parenthesis: 1.Diversified experiences in childhood and youth (enjoyment related to diversified sport practices); 2.Initiation on ‘kicking ball games’ practices (experiences with football and futsal informal practices and suffering of prejudice related to gender issues); 3.Systematic participation in futsal practices (experiences in systematic futsal practices within older age groups); 4.The investment on elite futsal career (moving from football to futsal career). Conclusion: Interviewed players had their first sports experiences on a variety of practices during sport initiation in childhood. The beginning on systematic practice of futsal occurred later than men athletes. The lack of competitions for young girls, and the fact that futsal and other ‘ball kicking games’ are considered as men preserve practices contributed to the late sport specialization process. The athletes’ career presented strong thresholds related to gender issues on futsal.

Abstract Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between life satisfaction and purpose in the life of the elderly hydro gymnastic practitioners. Methods: A total of 92 older people of both sexes, who practice hydro gymnastics in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil, participated in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the purpose in life Questionnaire were used as instruments. Data analysis was carried out by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation test, in addition to the Path Analysis (p <0.05). Results: The results showed a greater life satisfaction for the women comparing to the men (p = 0.023). Moreover, it was found that the elderly who perceived themselves with a better health condition obtained higher scores according to the purpose in life scale. Life satisfaction had a positive and moderate association (β = 0.24) with the purpose in the life of the elderly, which explains 6% of the variability. Conclusion: It was concluded that sex can be considered as an intervening factor when concerning life satisfaction, time of practice of hydro gymnastics and self-perceived health related to the purpose in life of the elderly. In addition, satisfaction with life was positively associated with the purpose in the life.

Abstract Aim: To investigate the perception of memory decline in elderly physically active, practicing and non-practicing systematized physical exercises. Methods: Participants were 159 elderly practitioners of systematized and non-systematized physical exercises of Maringá-PR. The instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Chi-Square test and Binary Logistic Regression (p<0.05). Results: Non-retired elderly and who reported that memory troubles made difficult to perform the activities of daily living presented more chances to practice systematized exercises. Further, very active elderly and who do not realize that the memory is below the expected for the age have 56% and 75% more chance of being systematized exercises practitioners, respectively. Furthermore, men and elderly who practice non- systematized exercise have 60% and 63% more chance of perceive the memory lower than expected for the age, respectively. Conclusion: Men and the elderly who do not practice systematized exercises are more likely to perceive memory lower than expected for age. Moreover, retirement and the satisfactory memory perception are associated with the practice of systematized exercises.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e descrever a produção científica relacionada ao jiu-jítsu, de modo a identificar tendências, lacunas e possibilidades de desenvolvimento de pesquisa. Através de busca nas bases de dados digitais Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS e Redalyc, além do banco de teses e dissertações da Capes, e análise temática de 105 artigos, duas teses e 23 dissertações, tem-se como principais resultados: a) desigualdade numérica entre diferentes abordagens e subáreas de pesquisa, bem como disciplinas de estudo; b) característica heterogênea dos participantes destes estudos, sendo a maioria homens adultos não competidores; c) destaque do Brasil na produção científica sobre o jiu-jítsu; d) crescimento quantitativo e qualitativo de pesquisas; e) processo de internacionalização de pesquisas. Conclui-se que, assim como no âmbito esportivo mais amplo, a pesquisa sobre jiu-jítsu se encontra em franca expansão, principalmente no Brasil, com lacunas que representam potenciais áreas de interesse para investigações futuras.

Abstract The aim of this article was to analyse and describe the scientific production related to jiu-jitsu, in order to identify trends, gaps and research possibilities. Searches on the digital data basis Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS and Redalyc, besides Capes’s digital thesis library, and thematic analysis on 105 articles, 2 theses and 23 dissertations, yielded the following main results: a) numerical inequality between different research approaches and subareas, as well as study subjects; b) the profiles of participants in those studies are highly diverse, and most are male non-competitors; c) Brazil stands out in academic production on jiu-jitsu; d) increasing quantitative and qualitative research; e) process of internationalization of research. The study found that, just as in the sports field as a whole, research on jiu-jitsu is in full expansion, mainly in Brazil, with gaps that are potential areas of interest for future investigation.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar y describir la producción científica relacionada con el jiu-jitsu, para identificar tendencias, lagunas y posibilidades de desarrollo de investigación. A través de la búsqueda en las bases de datos digitales Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Bireme, LILACS y Redalyc, además del banco de tesis y disertaciones de Capes, y del análisis temático de 105 artículos, dos tesis y 23 disertaciones, se tienen como principales resultados: a) desigualdad numérica entre diferentes aproximaciones y subáreas de investigación, así como disciplinas de estudio; b) característica heterogénea de los participantes en estos estudios, donde la mayoría es de hombres adultos no competidores; c) destaque de Brasil en la producción científica sobre el jiu-jitsu; d) crecimiento cuantitativo y cualitativo de investigaciones; e) proceso de internacionalización de investigaciones. Se concluye que, así como en el ámbito deportivo más amplio, la investigación sobre jiu-jitsu se encuentra en expansión, principalmente en Brasil, con lagunas que representan potenciales áreas de interés para investigaciones futuras.