Abstract Hedychium coronarium J. Koening, belonging to Zingiberaceae family, is a perennial herb with fleshly aromatic rhizomes. There are no information about the antiplatelet properties of essential oils (EOs) from rhizomes (HCR) and leaves (HCL) of this herb, additionally, there are reports about the antibacterial activity of the Zingiberaceae species, however, no studies have been carried out in the Colombian Amazon Region. The EOs were characterized by GC-MS, the antiaggregant activity was assessed by ADP and Collagen as platelet agonist and the antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus were evidenced by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). A high content of oxygenated monoterpenes were found in HCL essential oil (EO) and 20 compounds were identified in HCR EO. The HCL EO showed antiaggregant activity when collagen was used and HCR EO showed a concentration-dependent activity against ADP and collagen, meanwhile only the HCR EO showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus.

ResumoPorcelanas aluminosas contendo diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3 foram sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante e redutora. A microestrutura e fases formadas foram investigadas com o auxílio de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Espectroscopia de impedância foi utilizada para estudar as propriedades elétricas. Os resultados indicaram que todas as amostras apresentaram mulita e coríndon como fases majoritárias e pequenas frações de quartzo. A adição de Fe2O3 provocou o surgimento de hematita nas amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante e, ferro metálico nas amostras contendo > 3%p sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora. Os espectros de impedância indicam que as características da fase vítrea e interface entre fase vítrea /fases cristalinas regem o comportamento elétrico global das amostras. Não obstante, diferentes atmosferas de queima provocam efeitos opostos na resistividade elétrica das porcelanas contendo Fe2O3. A presença de hematita foi considerada a responsável pela diminuição da resistividade elétrica nas amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante, enquanto que o aumento na resistividade elétrica das amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora foi atribuído à elevada quantidade de fase vítrea e porosidade. Estes resultados indicam que atmosfera redutora durante a queima pode favorecer o uso de matérias-primas com maiores concentrações de Fe2O3, desde que todo óxido de ferro tenha se dissolvido na fase liquida durante a queima.

AbstractAluminous porcelain containing different Fe2O3 concentrations were sintered in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere. The microstructure and crystalline phase formation were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Electrical properties were investigated by Impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that all samples showed mullite and corundum as major phases and small fractions of quartz. The addition of Fe2O3 caused the appearance of hematite in samples sintered in oxidizing atmosphere and metallic iron for the samples containing > 3%wt. and sintered in reducing atmosphere. The impedance spectrum indicates that the glass phase and crystal/glassy phase interface govern the overall electrical behavior of the samples. However, different firing atmospheres cause opposite effect on the electrical resistivity of the porcelain containing Fe2O3. The presence of hematite was considered to be responsible for the decrease in resistivity for samples sintered in oxidizing atmosphere, whereas the increase in the resistivity of the sample sintered in a reducing atmosphere was attributed to the high amount of glassy phase and porosity. These results indicate that reducing atmosphere during firing may favor the use of raw materials with higher concentrations of Fe2O3, since all iron oxide have been dissolved into the melting phase during the sintering of porcelain bodies.

A ZnO film was electrodeposited onto a gold substrate obtained from a recordable compact disc and tested as photocatalyst in degradation of dye in aqueous solution. X-ray diffractometry and atomic force microscopic analysis showed a pure ZnO phase with particle sizes in the nanometric scale. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the film is significant, with more than 90 % degradation of the dye in under 6 h sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic process in sunlight follows first-order kinetics.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a prevalência de enterite fibrinonecrótica (EFN) em uma granja tecnificada com 1000 matrizes, classificar as mudanças patológicas e investigar a lesão decorrente da associação dos agentes Clostri-dium perfringens e Isospora suis. As lesões macroscópicas devidas à mortalidade pré-desmame (MPD) foram classificadas em oito categorias incluindo EFN. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados pelo teste Qui-quadrado. Amostras de EFN foram colhidas para estudos complementares incluindo uma técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para identificação dos genes codificadores de toxinas de C. perfringens a partir de amostras do intestino fixadas em formalina a 10%. Dos 3.153 leitões examinados, menos que 1% foram classificados como EFN. As análises estatísticas revelaram que a EFN aumentou progressivamente a partir da primeira para a terceira semana, sendo que a última semana diferiu estatisticamente das demais. Oitenta porcento das amostras do intestino com EFN foram positivas para I. suis. Por meio da PCR a partir dos 9 casos de EFN severa, 7 foram positivos somente para o gene da toxina alfa, característico de C. perfringens tipo A.

The objectives were to determine the prevalence of fibrinonecrotic enteritis (FNE) on a farrow-to-finish farm of 1,000 sows, to categorize the pathological changes, and to to investigate the lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens. Causes of preweaning mortality (PWM) were classified into 8 categories including FNE. Obtained data were evaluated for statistical significance by adjusted Chi-square analysis. Samples of FNE were taken for complementary studies including a PCR technique for genotyping toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens from gut samples fixed in 10% neutral formalin. From 3,153 piglets examined, less than 1% was classified as FNE. FNE prevalence increased progressively from the first to the third week, the last differing statistically from the others. Eighty percent of gut samples with FNE lesions were positive to Isospora suis, when examined by PCR from 9 severe FNE lesions detected 7 positive samples only for a toxin gene, characteristic of C. perfringens type-A.

The aim of the present study was to detect Cryptosporidium sp infection in domestic animals and in monkeys from a zoo, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Three hundred and seventy five fecal samples from different animal species were processed by the Ritchie modified sedimentation method (formalin-ether) to concentrate the oocysts. The sediment was stained by the Ziehl Neelsen modified technique. Cryptosporidium sp was detected in 7 of 175 dogs, in 2 of 17 cats, in 4 of 22 sheep, in 21 of 31 goats, in 29 of 109 calves, in 2 of 2 horses and in 2 of 5 Guinea pigs. Fourteen feces samples from monkeys were examined, among them, oocysts were detected in the sample from 1 adult female black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), in the sample from 1 male adult black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus), in 1 sample of faeces from 7 adult squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis), in 1 sample from 2 females and 1 male tufted capuchin (Cebus apella), in 1 sample of feces from baboons (Papio hamadryas) and ¡n the sample from 1 young male chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

El objetivo del trabajo fue detectar infecciones por Cryptosporidium sp en animales domésticos y en monos de un zoológico, en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se procesaron 375 muestras de materia fecal de distintas especies mediante la técnica de sedimentación de Ritchie modificada (formol -éter) para concentrar los ooquistes. El sedimento se tiñó mediante la técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. Se detectaron ooquistes de Cryptosporidium sp en 7 de 175 muestras de materia fecal de perro, en 2 de 17 de gato, en 4 de 22 de ovinos, en 21 de 131 cabras, en 29 de 109 de terneros, en 2 de 2 de equinos y en 2 de 5 de cobayos (Cavia porcellus). Se examinaron 14 muestras de heces de monos, entre ellas, se detectaron ooquistes en la muestra de 1 hembra carayá (Alouatta caraya) adulta, en la de 1 mono araña (Ateles paniscus) macho adulto, en la muestra colectiva de 7 monos saimiri (Saimiri boliviensis) adultos, en la muestra de 2 hembras y 1 macho caí (Cebus apella), en la muestra colectiva de hamadríades (Papio hamadryas) y en la de 1 chimpancé joven (Pan troglodytes)

The physical characterization of solids, mainly the surface area measurement and the pore size distribution determination by means of nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry, respectively, might be a matter of controversy in the case of materials that can suffer important structural changes between 77K and their operation temperatures (room or higher), or whose pore structure may be damaged due to the mercury intrusion. The goal of this work is to identify changes in the physical structure of solids when they are exposed to temperatures similar to those used in conventional thermal pretreatments, when they are used as catalysts, by means of mass transfer coefficient measurements. Our working hypothesis is that, if structural changes occur, these should be easily detected via noticeable changes in the mass transfer coefficient for a selected adsorbate. The calculation of relaxation constants, which characterize the transport of cyclohexane through the hybrid materials is carried out by modeling the experimental data corresponding to the transient state of the adsorption tests.

São discutidos neste trabalho os resultados de 32 ensaios de variedades x espaçamento x adubação realizados no ano agrícola 1959-60, em São Paolo, instalados com o propósito de estudar o comportamento do H. 6999, Asteca e Catêto, plantados nos espaçamentos de 20, 30 e 40 cm entre plantas, nos níveis 0, 1 e 2 de adubação. A dose 1 correspondeu a 25-68-22,5 kg/ha de N, P2O5 e K2O. Feita a análise estatística de cada ensaio, foram reunidos de acôrdo com os grandes tipos de solos do Estado de São Paulo, efetuando-se a seguir a análise por grupos e de todo o conjunto. A produção média dos 12 ensaios localizados em solos do arenito Bauru foi de 3557 kg/ha. O H. 6999 deu 452 kg/ha mais do que o Asteca e êstes, em média, 1091 kg/ha mais do que Catêto, a mais alta diferença assinalada nos quatro grupos estabelecidos. Entre espaçamentos, a diferença foi de 746 kg/ha, linear e altamente significativa. Houve efeito linear significativo da adubação correspondente a 1271 kg/ha. A produção média nos 8 ensaios realizados em solos massapê e salmourão foi de 3154 kg/ha. O H. 6999 superou o Asteca de 683 kg/ha; a média dêstes ultrapassou a do Catêto em 676 kg/ha. O efeito linear para espaçamento foi de 400 kg/ha. A diferença entre dose 0 e 2 de adubos foi de 1 240 kg/ha. A média de produção dos 8 ensaios efetuados em terra-roxa e roxa-misturada foi de 4 275 kg/ha, superando a de todos os outros grupos. O H. 6999 produziu 600 kg/ha mais que Asteca, e êstes em média, 824 kg/ha mais do que Catêto. O efeito linear para espaçamento foi de 726 kg/ha, significativo no nível de 0,1% de probabilidade. O efeito linear da adubação foi de 1448 kg/ha, também altamente significativo. A média de produção para os 4 ensaios conduzidos em solos do Terciário e do Glacial foi de 3 086 kg/ha. O H. 6999 superou o Asteca em 534 kg/ha e, a média dêstes, a do Catêto em 468 kg/ha. O efeito do espaçamento foi de 370 kg/ha, linear e altamente significativo. Os tratamentos com a dose 2 de adubos superaram significativamente os sem adubo em 1 214 kg/ha. A produção média geral dos 32 ensaios foi de 3577 kg/ha. No total, o H. 6999, com uma dose de adubos, produziu quase o dôbro da variedade Catêto não adubada.

This paper reports the results of 32 yield trials carried out in different localities, covering - Massapê, Terra Roxa, Arenito Bauru, Glacial and Terciário - great types of soils in the State of São Panlo. The experimental design was a 3³ with the following treatments: three varieties - Cateto, Asteca and H. 6999; three populations 50, 33 and 25 thousand plants per hectare; and three fertilizer levels - 0, 1 and 2. Dosis 1 corresponds to 25-68-22.5 kg/ha of NPK. Each plot was 30 m². Statistical analyses of each trial and also of the groups of experiments were made to test main effectB and interactions. According to the adopted model, Y = m + v + a + e + va + ve + ae + l+ lv-f-la + le + lev + lva + lea + b (1) + E. m was the general average, v, a, e, and l, i, e, variety, fertilization, spacing, location and their interactions; b(1), replication effect within localities and E the residual error including some high order interactions. Linear and quadratic components for a and e were orthogonally decomposed; V1 being Cateto against H. 6999 + Asteca and v2 being H. 6999 against Asteca. The average variation coefficient was 15 per cent; only in 4 of the 32 trials was the variation coefficient larger than 20 per cent. On the average the double cross hybrid H. 6999 outyielded significantly the variety Asteea by 572 kg/ha. Asteca + H. 6999 were 834 kg/ha better than Cateto. An increase of 843 kg/ha was obtained with a population of 50,000 plants over the treatment which corresponds to 25,000 plants per hectare. The average response to fertilisation did not differ for the great types of soils. A significant linear effect of 1,300 kg/ha measured from level 0 to level 2 was recorded; also a quadratic significant response was verified, indicating that the maximum whould be obtained with 50-150-50 kg/ha of NPK. The data obtained in this group of trials indicated that the highest average yield 5,395 kg/ha was attained with the hybrid H. 6999 that received the high level of fertilizers rated to a 50,000 plant population. For this treatment 1.07 ears per plant were recorded. The average weight per ear was 151 g.