Abstract Roadkill is one of the most direct impacts on fauna, leading to numerous direct and indirect impacts. Road-killed animals could serve as a resource for research and teaching purposes, but first, they need to have their tissues preserved by some technique. Plastination is one of the most modern techniques for the conservation of biological tissues, its principle is the replacement of body fluids by a curable polymer, resulting in a non-toxic, odorless, and manipulable material. So the main aim of this work was to compose a collection of plastinated roadkill victims from the Biological Reserve Sooretama region, adapting the standard protocol to the different taxa worked here (Avialae, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Mammalia). For this, 42 animals were used, previously frozen and stored in the Sooretama Biological Reserve and Vale Natural Reserve until they were sent for processing. Upon arriving at the Plastination laboratory at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, the animals underwent the 4 stages of plastination: fixation, dehydration, forced impregnation, and chemical cure; some adaptations were made to improve the final specimens. The results proved that the plastination of these animals is extremely viable in generating satisfactory results. Given the results obtained, it becomes clear how plastination can become an alternative to implement in the composition of biological collections using roadkill animals. The animals prepared in this work comprise an unprecedented collection available for different applications, such as exhibitions, practical classes, and research.

Abstract Oil spills into water have been an environmental concern since the beginning of large-scale oil extraction. In this study, flexible open-cell polyurethane (PU) foams with added microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were formulated and chemically modified with organosilane for use as an absorbent system for oil spill cleanup in water. The influence of cellulose concentration on mechanical properties and chemical treatment with organosilane was evaluated. The primary findings indicate that the surface treatment of the solid fraction of the foams was effective, as indicated by the contact angle, increasing the hydrophobicity of the samples. Because of the increased roughness of the PU solid fraction and the cellulose reactivity, the mechanical compressive strength and thickness of the organosilane layer increased with increasing MCC content. However, the higher the MCC content in the composition, the higher was the density, which reduced the sorption capacity of the samples.

In this study, the effects of incorporating recycled photopolymer-plate residues from a packaging flexography process into polyester-glass fiber composites were examined. Ternary composites with an unsaturated polyester matrix with elastomer particles from recycled photopolymer-plate residues were evaluated using two types of glass fibers: in the forms of a fabric with bidirectional fibers and a blanket with multidirectional fibers. The composites were prepared by hand lay-up lamination using different rubber contents (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% based on the polyester resin mass fraction), and were characterized for their void content, flexural and impact strengths, and dynamic mechanical properties. Primary results indicated that the incorporation of the rubber particles increased the difficulty of lamination, while promoting greater void formation with higher filler content. The rubber particles decreased the impact resistance properties but did not reduce the flexural strength or storage modulus, indicating that despite the elastomeric composition, this residue from the photopolymer plates showed a reinforcing rather than toughening character.

ABSTRACT Background: Domestic pigeons carry pathogens in their droppings, posing a potential public health problem. Methods: The phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in the feces of urban pigeons near hospitals with intensive care units were measured. Results: Twenty-nine samples showed Enterococcus growth, whereas one was positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolate was sensitive to the antibiotics tested via antibiogram, however resistance genes were identified. E. faecium isolates showed phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Antimicrobial profiles harmful to health were demonstrated in bacterial pathogens isolated from the external environment of hospitals.

In this article, it is described the main aspects to be considered during the process of scaling up hard sciences technologies developed in the Science and Technology Institutes aiming at industrial application. Based on the experience of our group in scaling up, pre-acceleration, and acceleration of different technologies, a methodology was developed and divided into four main stages: Step 1, which involves basic research, Step 2 with a focus on product development, and Step 3 with a focus on process development, all on the laboratory scale and the last one, Step 4 focused on pilot plant development. The most important aspect of this article is to show that many critical questions can be answered even in the laboratory phase. In this way, the risks of Step 4 are minimized. Step 4 is a complicated, lengthy, and expensive process of construction and operation of a pilot plant. Aspects such as proof of concept, technical and economic feasibility studies, minimum viable product, capital expenditures, and operating expenses of pilot plants are approached in a simplified way to serve as a basis for researchers who wants to know the long path to be followed by technology before reaching the industry, consequently the market.

RESUMO Racional: Devido à maior expectativa de vida, e consequentemente aumento da população de idosos, é esperada uma maior incidência de câncer gástrico nesta população nas próximas décadas. Objetivos: Comparar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico por via laparoscópica do câncer gástrico entre pacientes com idade <65 anos (grupo I) e ≥65 anos (grupo II), de acordo com características clínicas, cirúrgicas e histopatológicas. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional baseado na análise de prontuários médicos de pacientes com câncer gástrico, submetidos à gastrectomia total ou subtotal laparoscópica com finalidade curativa, por uma única equipe de cirurgia oncológica. Resultados: Foram avaliados 36 pacientes em cada grupo. Em relação à classificação ASA, 62,1% dos pacientes do grupo I eram ASA 1 comparado a 3.1% no grupo II. O número médio de medicações concomitantes do grupo II foi superior ao grupo I (5±4,21 x 1.42±3,08, p<0.001). A gastrectomia subtotal foi o procedimento mais realizado nos dois grupos (69,4% e 63,9% nos grupos I e II respectivamente) devido a maior prevalência de tumores distais em ambos os grupos, 54.4% grupo I e 52.9% grupo II. De acordo com a classificação de Laurén, no grupo I houve predomínio de tumores difusos (50,0%) e no grupo II do tipo intestinal (61,8%). Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos em relação a quantidade de linfonodos ressecados e de linfonodos positivos para metástases, assim como o tempo de permanência no CTI, dias de hospitalização e mortalidade. Conclusão: A gastrectomia por via laparoscópica é procedimento seguro, sem haver diferenças em morbidade, mortalidade e tempo de internação entre pacientes jovens e idosos.

ABSTRACT Background: Due to the longer life expectancy and consequently an increase in the elderly population, a higher incidence of gastric cancer is expected in this population in the coming decades. Aim: To compare the results of laparoscopic GC surgical treatment between individuals aged<65 years (group I) and ≥ 65 years (group II), according to clinical, surgical, and histopathological characteristics. Methods: A observational retrospective study was performed by analyzing medical charts of patients with gastric cancer undergoing total or subtotal laparoscopic gastrectomy for curative purposes by a single oncologic surgery team. Results: Thirty-six patients were included in each group. Regarding the ASA classification, 31% of the patients in group I was ASA 1, compared to 3.1% in group II. The mean number of concomitant medications in group II was statistically superior to group I (5±4.21 x 1.42±3.08, p<0.001). Subtotal gastrectomy was the most performed procedure in both groups (69.4% and 63.9% in groups I and II, respectively) due to the high prevalence of distal tumors in both groups, 54.4% group I and 52.9% group II. According to Lauren's classification, group I presented a predominance of diffuse tumors (50%) and group II the intestinal type (61.8%). There was no difference between the two groups regarding the number of resected lymph nodes and lymph node metastases and the days of hospitalization and mortality. Conclusion: Laparoscopic gastrectomy showed to be a safe procedure, without a statistical difference in morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time between both groups.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um panorama sobre as percepções de homens residentes em um território rural do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sobre a sua masculinidade e as interferências do trabalho na procura por serviços de saúde ofertados por uma equipe da estratégia de saúde da família. O método priorizado foi a hermenêutica-dialética com a observação participante, registros em um diário de campo e a realização de 41 entrevistas individuais. A análise dos dados evidenciou que o trabalho rural e o modelo de masculinidade hegemônica direcionam esses homens para o papel de provedor financeiro das famílias. A maioria dos trabalhadores só procura os serviços de atenção primária à saúde quando apresentam condições agudas que interferem na execução do trabalho, considerando a unidade básica de saúde como um espaço feminino. As formas como as masculinidades e os serviços de saúde se colocam nesse território suscitam sentimentos de distanciamento dos trabalhadores rurais das práticas de cuidado em saúde. Um dos grandes desafios é o desenvolvimento de ações que aproximem esse público da equipe de saúde e vice-versa, contribuindo, assim, para o acesso, o acolhimento e a vinculação dos cuidados à população masculina.

Abstract This article presents an overview of the perceptions of men living in a rural territory of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, about their masculinity and the interferences of work in the search for health services offered by a family health strategy team. The method prioritized was hermeneutics-dialectics with participant observation, records in a field diary and 41 individual interviews. Data analysis showed that rural work and the hegemonic masculinity model direct these men to the role of financial provider of families. Most workers only seek primary health care services when they present acute conditions that interfere in the execution of work, considering the basic health unit as a female space. The ways in which masculinities and health services are placed in this territory give rise to feelings of distancing rural workers from health care practices. One of the major challenges is the development of actions that bring this public closer to the health team and vice versa, thus contributing to access, reception and linking care to the male population.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um panorama sobre as percepções de homens residentes em um território rural do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sobre a sua masculinidade e as interferências do trabalho na procura por serviços de saúde ofertados por uma equipe da estratégia de saúde da família. O método priorizado foi a hermenêutica-dialética com a observação participante, registros em um diário de campo e a realização de 41 entrevistas individuais. A análise dos dados evidenciou que o trabalho rural e o modelo de masculinidade hegemônica direcionam esses homens para o papel de provedor financeiro das famílias. A maioria dos trabalhadores só procura os serviços de atenção primária à saúde quando apresentam condições agudas que interferem na execução do trabalho, considerando a unidade básica de saúde como um espaço feminino. As formas como as masculinidades e os serviços de saúde se colocam nesse território suscitam sentimentos de distanciamento dos trabalhadores rurais das práticas de cuidado em saúde. Um dos grandes desafios é o desenvolvimento de ações que aproximem esse público da equipe de saúde e vice-versa, contribuindo, assim, para o acesso, o acolhimento e a vinculação dos cuidados à população masculina.

Abstract This article presents an overview of the perceptions of men living in a rural territory of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, about their masculinity and the interferences of work in the search for health services offered by a family health strategy team. The method prioritized was hermeneutics-dialectics with participant observation, records in a field diary and 41 individual interviews. Data analysis showed that rural work and the hegemonic masculinity model direct these men to the role of financial provider of families. Most workers only seek primary health care services when they present acute conditions that interfere in the execution of work, considering the basic health unit as a female space. The ways in which masculinities and health services are placed in this territory give rise to feelings of distancing rural workers from health care practices. One of the major challenges is the development of actions that bring this public closer to the health team and vice versa, thus contributing to access, reception and linking care to the male population.

Recently, the Brazilian Journal of Criminal Procedure has changed its editorial policies to allow and encourage the submission of manuscripts in preprint and postprint servers, in accordance with guidelines from COPE and Scielo. The goal of this modification is to improve the publicity, transparency and celerity of scientific results communication. Based on bibliographical review, the current editorial aims to analyze some aspects of this scientific practice, such as its origin, definition, benefits and problems, focusing on the Legal Sciences – especially the Criminal Sciences. The conclusion is that the increased use of preprints provides new perspectives to the scientific production and editing, contributing to the consolidation of open science practices. The risks and benefits must be carefully weighted, but the potential advantages of preprints – such as faster dissemination of results and the possibility of wider debate and research improvement before the definitive publication – prevail.

Recentemente, a Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal alterou suas políticas editoriais para, em conformidade com as diretrizes de Scielo e COPE, autorizar e incentivar o depósito de manuscritos em servidores certificados de&nbsp;preprint&nbsp;e&nbsp;postprint, de modo a ampliar a publicidade, a transparência e a celeridade na divulgação dos resultados de pesquisas científicas. Neste editorial, a partir de revisão bibliográfica, busca-se examinar alguns aspectos dessas práticas científicas, como sua origem, definição, benefícios e problemas, com foco na utilização nas ciências jurídicas – em particular, as criminais. Conclui-se que a tendência de ampliação do uso de&nbsp;preprints&nbsp;coloca novas perspectivas à produção de conhecimento e à editoração de revistas científicas, contribuindo com a consolidação de medidas para uma ciência aberta. Seus riscos e benefícios devem ser ponderados com cautela, mas as potenciais vantagens se sobressaem, como, por exemplo, a maior celeridade na divulgação científica e a possibilidade de maior debate para aprimoramentos na pesquisa até sua publicação definitiva.

Resumo Este artigo objetivou compreender as percepções de homens trabalhadores rurais, residentes em um território do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, frente às práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas durante o seu processo produtivo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com aplicação da técnica de observação de campo, registros em um diário e realização de entrevistas individuais. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o método da hermenêutica-dialética, possibilitando a construção de três categorias temáticas. Os homens pesquisados possuem uma visão baseada no modelo assistencial curativo e na grande dependência pelo médico. Alguns relacionaram práticas de cuidado em saúde com hábitos e estilo de vida saudável, como a alimentação; hidratação e não consumir álcool e/ou tabaco. Importante destacar que a maioria dos homens considerou o trabalho como uma ferramenta para cuidar da saúde, tendo relação direta com a prevenção dos riscos ocupacionais. Nessa conjuntura, os profissionais da atenção primária à saúde devem incentivar o distanciamento desse modelo dito biomédico, prescritivo e não preventivo que ainda predomina na visão da população brasileira e principalmente na cultura masculina e nos territórios rurais, buscando um olhar integral para a promoção e manutenção da saúde.

Abstract This paper aimed to understand the perceptions of rural male workers, residents in a northern territory of Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding care practices developed during their production process. This is a qualitative research, with the application of the field observation technique, with records on a diary and accomplishment of individual interviews. Data analysis used the hermeneutic-dialectic method, allowing for the construction of three thematic categories. The men surveyed have a vision based on curative care model and on great dependence on the physician. Some related healthcare practices with habits and healthy life style, such as nutrition; hydration and non-consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco. It is important to highlight that most of the men considered the job as a tool for health care, having a direct relationship with the prevention of occupational risks. In this context, the primary healthcare professionals should encourage the distancing from the biomedical, prescriptive and non-preventive model that still predominates in the vision of the Brazilian population and mainly in the male culture and in rural areas, seeking an integral look for health promotion and maintenance.

Resumo Este artigo objetivou compreender as percepções de homens trabalhadores rurais, residentes em um território do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, frente às práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas durante o seu processo produtivo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com aplicação da técnica de observação de campo, registros em um diário e realização de entrevistas individuais. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o método da hermenêutica-dialética, possibilitando a construção de três categorias temáticas. Os homens pesquisados possuem uma visão baseada no modelo assistencial curativo e na grande dependência pelo médico. Alguns relacionaram práticas de cuidado em saúde com hábitos e estilo de vida saudável, como a alimentação; hidratação e não consumir álcool e/ou tabaco. Importante destacar que a maioria dos homens considerou o trabalho como uma ferramenta para cuidar da saúde, tendo relação direta com a prevenção dos riscos ocupacionais. Nessa conjuntura, os profissionais da atenção primária à saúde devem incentivar o distanciamento desse modelo dito biomédico, prescritivo e não preventivo que ainda predomina na visão da população brasileira e principalmente na cultura masculina e nos territórios rurais, buscando um olhar integral para a promoção e manutenção da saúde.

Abstract This paper aimed to understand the perceptions of rural male workers, residents in a northern territory of Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding care practices developed during their production process. This is a qualitative research, with the application of the field observation technique, with records on a diary and accomplishment of individual interviews. Data analysis used the hermeneutic-dialectic method, allowing for the construction of three thematic categories. The men surveyed have a vision based on curative care model and on great dependence on the physician. Some related healthcare practices with habits and healthy life style, such as nutrition; hydration and non-consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco. It is important to highlight that most of the men considered the job as a tool for health care, having a direct relationship with the prevention of occupational risks. In this context, the primary healthcare professionals should encourage the distancing from the biomedical, prescriptive and non-preventive model that still predominates in the vision of the Brazilian population and mainly in the male culture and in rural areas, seeking an integral look for health promotion and maintenance.

Resumo Este artigo pretende analisar o standard probatório para condenação no processo penal brasileiro e as possíveis contribuições da categoria “além da dúvida razoável” em caso de incorporação ao sistema nacional. Trata-se de temática pertinente, tendo em vista a ausência de regulamentação expressa no ordenamento pátrio e a recente abordagem doutrinária sobre a temática. Assim, almeja-se responder aos seguintes problemas: 1) É necessário adotar um standard probatório para condenação no processo penal brasileiro? 2) O standard de “prova além da dúvida razoável” é uma opção viável e pertinente? 3) Quais critérios podem ser utilizados para a definição de seu conteúdo? Sustenta-se que a adoção de um standard probatório com critérios lógicos e objetivos é passo fundamental para a consagração de uma teoria racional da prova, de modo que, ainda que existam críticas relevantes, a categoria “além da dúvida razoável” pode aportar importantes contribuições ao processo penal brasileiro. Nesse sentido, este artigo propõe critérios para sua definição e apresenta sugestão de alteração legislativa.

Abstract This article intends to analyze the standard of proof for conviction in Brazilian criminal procedure and the possible contributions of the “beyond reasonable doubt” category in case of incorporation into the national system. This is a relevant theme, due to the absence of express regulations in Brazilian legal order and the incipient doctrinal approach on the subject. Thus, it is intended to answer the following problems: 1) Is it necessary to adopt a standard of proof for conviction in the Brazilian criminal procedure? 2) Is the standard of “proof beyond reasonable doubt” a viable and pertinent option? 3) What criteria can be used to define its content? It is argued that the adoption of a standard of proof with logical and objective criteria is a fundamental step towards the implementation of a rational theory of proof, so that, although there are relevant criticisms, the “beyond reasonable doubt” category can provide important contributions to the Brazilian criminal procedure. In this sense, this article proposes criteria for its definition and suggests a legislative amendment.

ABSTRACT Severe neurological problems and other special manifestations such as high prevalence of structural cardiac changes has been described in infants vertically exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) and has been called congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS). Previous studies have shown that the 24-hour Holter heart rate variability (HRV) analysis allows the prediction of worse outcomes in infants with neurological impairment and higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular diseases. This study describes the 24-hour Holter findings of infants with confirmed vertical exposure to the ZIKV by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in the mother's blood during pregnancy and/or in the urine or cerebrospinal fluid of the newborn. Data analysis was descriptive and included two subgroups according to the presence of fetal distress, positive PCR to ZIKV in the newborn, CZS and severe microcephaly. Heart rate, pauses, arrhythmias, ST segment and QT interval analyses and HRV evaluation through R-R, SDNN, pNN50 and rMMSD were described. The Mann-Whitney test was performed to assess differences between the two subgroups. The sample consisted of 15 infants with a mean age of 16 months, nine of whom were male. No arrhythmias or QT interval changes were observed. The comparison of HRV through the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between patients with and without CZS, with and without severe microcephaly, with lower HRV in the groups with severe microcephaly and CZS. The study suggests that there is an increased risk of SIDS and cardiovascular diseases in this group of patients.

RESUMO: Malformações congênitas são alterações funcionais e estruturais dos sistemas, tecidos ou órgãos que podem ocorrer na fase embrionária ou fetal. Malformações na medula espinhal, como hipoplasia segmentar da medula espinhal (HSME) e siringomielia, possuem raras descrições em bovinos. Uma bezerra Girolando, proveniente do Município de Valença, RJ, foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), com quadro de incoordenação motora. À avaliação clínica, na coluna vertebral, à linha dorsal da região torácica havia uma área com depressão de 5 cm. Ao exame neurológico foi observado propriocepção reduzida, extensão de membros pélvicos com aumento da atividade nociceptiva e redução de reflexo anal. Ao exame radiográfico, o corpo vertebral T11 apresentou forma trapezoidal em cunha com hemivértebra ventral, provável agenesia ou hipoplasia dos processos espinhosos T11-T12 e fusão dos processos espinhosos T9-T10. À mielografia indicou compressão medular extradural provocada pelas malformações vertebrais. À necropsia não foram observados os processos espinhosos T11-T12, o canal medular apresentou estenose cranial (T11-T13) e, na medula espinhal torácica (T8-T11) foram observados poros de 1-3 mm na substância branca. À microscopia, os segmentos T9-T11 apresentaram dilatações císticas na substância branca e os segmentos T8-T9, formações de áreas císticas de tamanhos variados; nos segmentos T11-T13 denotou-se moderada redução da substância cinzenta ao redor do canal central da medula. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os achados clínicos e patológicos desta bezerra Girolando com HSME e siringomielia, que devem ser diferenciadas de outras síndromes da medula espinhal. As malformações congênitas possuem importância econômica e sua etiologia e diagnóstico são fundamentais para a condução de programas de controle de doenças e seleção de progenitores.

ABSTRACT: Congenital malformations are functional and structural changes in organ systems, tissues, or organs that may develop during the embryonic or fetal phase. Spinal cord malformations, such as segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord (SHSC) and syringomyelia, are rare in bovines. A Girolando calf from Valença, Rio de Janeiro, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro because of motor incoordination. Clinical evaluation revealed a 5-cm depression area in the spine at the dorsal line of the thoracic region. Neurological examination revealed reduced proprioception, pelvic limb extension with increased nociceptive activity, and reduced anal reflex. In radiographic examination, the body of the T11 vertebra had a trapezoidal wedge shape with ventral hemivertebra, probable agenesis or hypoplasia of the T11-T12 spinous processes, and fusion of the T9-T10 spinous processes. Myelography revealed extradural spinal compression caused by vertebral malformations. Necropsy showed no spinous processes (T11-T12), cranial stenosis in the medullary canal (T11-T13), and 1-3-mm pores in the white matter of the thoracic spinal cord (T8-T11). Microscopy revealed cystic dilatations in the white matter (T9-T11), cystic areas of varying sizes (T8-T9), and moderate reduction in the gray matter around the central canal of the medulla (T11-T13). Here, we reported the clinical and pathological findings of SHSC and syringomyelia in a Girolando calf. The features should be differentiated from other spinal cord syndromes. Congenital malformations are of economic importance, and their etiology and diagnosis are fundamental to disease control and progenitor-selection programs.