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Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0960

Estructura y regeneración de bosques de Prumnopitys andina en los Andes del sur de Chile
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Vargas-Gaete, Rodrigo

; Salas-Eljatib, Christian

; Penneckamp, Diego

; Neira, Zoia

; Diez, M. Cristina

; Vargas-Picón, Ricardo

Gayana. Botánica

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jun 2020, Volume 77 N. 1 Pages 48 - 58

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Prumnopitys andina is a conifer tree species with a narrow distribution in Chile and Argentina. Despite its ecological importance, knowledge about the structure and dynamics of the forests where P. andina grows is limited. We aim to describe the structure and regeneration of forest with high presence of P. andina. Forests near Lonquimay (38°1' S, 71º3' W - 38°3'S, 71°3' W) were sampled by measuring trees, regeneration and vascular flora through 24 plots. We found that P. andina predominantly occurs in the upper canopy (15-18 m), usually in company of Nothofagus obliqua and/or Austrocedrus chilensis, in addition to Maytenus boaria and Lomatia hirsuta that occur in the mid-canopy (4-8 m). Based on forest structure, we identified three types of P. andina forests: open, secondary-mature, and pure. Pure P. andina forests reached basal areas among the largest reported for for temperate forests southern South America (230 m2/ha). P. andina regeneration ranged from 1,550 individuals/ha in open forests to 25,000 individuals/ha in pure forests. P. andina exhibited a continuous regeneration strategy, which in the absence of human disturbances, such as grazing by cattle or selective logging, suggests that its populations are self-sustaining.

RESUMEN Prumnopitys andina (lleuque) es una especie de conífera con una distribución restringida en Chile y Argentina. A pesar de su importancia ecológica, los conocimientos sobre la estructura y dinámica de los bosques donde crece P. andina son limitados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la estructura y regeneración de bosques con alta presencia de P. andina. Se muestrearon bosques cercanos a Lonquimay (38°1' S, 71º3' O - 38°3'S, 71°3' O) midiendo árboles, regeneración y flora vascular a través de 24 parcelas. Se encontró que P. andina ocurre predominantemente en el estrato superior (15-18 m) acompañado por Nothofagus obliqua y/o Austrocedrus chilensis, además de Lomatia hirsuta y Maytenus boaria en estratos intermedios (4-8 m). En base a la estructura, se identificaron tres tipos de bosques de P. andina: bosques abiertos, bosques secundarios adultos y bosques puros. Los bosques puros de P. andina o “lleuquerías” alcanzaron áreas basales entre las más grandes reportadas para bosques templados del sur de Sudamérica (230 m2/ha). La regeneración de P. andina osciló entre 1.550 individuos/ha en bosques abiertos y 25.000 individuos/ha en bosques puros. P. andina exhibió una estrategia de regeneración aparentemente continua, y en ausencia de disturbios antrópicos como pastoreo de ganado o tala selectiva, sus poblaciones serían autosuficientes.

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Evaluación de la calidad de la madera utilizada en viviendas de interés social en Costa Rica
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Bello, Rudy

; Vargas, Lupita

; Valverde, Juan Carlos

; Camacho, Diego

; Salas, Cynthia

Revista Cubana de Ciencias Forestales

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apr 2020, Volume 8 N. 1 Pages 16 - 33

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Síntese No processo de construção com madeira, deve ser feita uma avaliação rigorosa da qualidade da madeira implementada, de modo a ter edifícios com longos períodos de vida útil e com uma óptima usabilidade. No entanto, existem poucas metodologias disponíveis a nível nacional para avaliar a qualidade da madeira na construção. Portanto, o objetivo era avaliar a qualidade da madeira utilizada na habitação social. Para tal, foi implementada a norma INTE C99-2014 e foram avaliados o teor de humidade, a dimensionalidade, a qualidade visual e a preservação da madeira; o trabalho foi realizado com produtos de madeira serrada para a construção de casas de interesse social. As empresas fornecedoras estão localizadas em Alajuela (Ecohouses) e Limón (ADITIBRI e SOMABACU) que implementaram P. caribaea var. hondurensis, C. alliodora e Pinus sp.; em cada local foram seleccionados 10 produtos de madeira serrada com repetições de três a dez peças. As peças que apresentaram melhores resultados em termos de valorização foram as de Pinus sp., sendo um material importado; tinha uma grande uniformidade e qualidade. No caso das peças de madeira de C. alliodora e Pinus sp. apresentaram preenchimentos inferiores a 60 % devido à heterogeneidade dos materiais, em muitos casos com teor de humidade superior a 30 %, com pouco controlo na dimensionalidade e elevada presença de nós. Finalmente, no que diz respeito à conservação, especificamente à retenção, nenhuma das espécies atingiu a concentração mínima de conservação de 2,4 kg m-3.

Abstract In the construction process with wood, a rigorous evaluation of the quality of the implemented wood must be carried out, in order to have buildings with long life periods and optimal usability. However, there are limited methodologies available at the national level to evaluate the quality of wood in construction. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the quality of the wood used in social housing. For this purpose, the INTE C99-2014 standard was implemented and the moisture content, dimensionality, visual quality and preservation of the wood were evaluated. The work was done with sawn wood products destined for the construction of houses of social interest. The supplier companies are located in Alajuela (Ecohouses) and Limón (ADITIBRI and SOMABACU) that implemented P. caribaea var. hondurensis, C. alliodora and Pinus sp.; in each site 10 sawn wood products were selected with repetitions of three to ten pieces. The pieces that showed the best results in terms of valuation were those of Pinus sp., being an imported material; it had a great uniformity and quality. In the case of the wood pieces of C. alliodora and Pinus sp. they presented fulfillments inferior to 60 % due to the heterogeneity of the materials, in many cases with contents of humidity superior to 30 %, with little control in the dimensionality and high presence of knots. Finally, in terms of preservation, specifically retention, none of the species achieved the minimum preservative concentration of 2.4 kg m-3.

Resumen En el proceso constructivo con madera se debe realizar una rigurosa evaluación de la calidad de la madera implementada, con el fin de disponer de edificaciones con períodos de vida largos y usabilidad óptima. Sin embargo, a nivel nacional se cuentan de forma limitada metodologías que evalúen la calidad de la madera en construcciones. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de la madera utilizada en viviendas de interés social. Para ello, se implementó la norma INTE C99-2014 y se valoró el contenido de humedad, dimensionalidad, calidad visual y preservación de la madera; se trabajó con productos de madera aserrada destinada a la construcción de casas de interés social. Las empresas proveedoras están ubicadas en Alajuela (Ecohouses) y Limón (ADITIBRI y SOMABACU) que implementaron P. caribaea var. hondurensis, C. alliodora y Pinus sp.; en cada sitio se seleccionaron 10 productos de madera aserrada con repeticiones de tres a diez piezas. Las piezas que mostraron mejores resultados en cuanto a la valoración fueron las de Pinus sp., al ser un material importado; contó con una gran uniformidad y calidad. En el caso de las piezas de madera de C. alliodora y Pinus sp. presentaron cumplimientos inferiores al 60 % debido a la heterogeneidad de los materiales, en muchos casos con contenidos de humedad superiores al 30 %, con poco control en la dimensionalidad y alta presencia de nudos. Finalmente, en cuanto a la preservación, específicamente en la retención, ninguna de las especies logró la concentración de preservante mínima de 2,4 kg m-3.

Correlación entre ultrasonido endoscópico e histopatología en lesiones del tracto digestivo proximal en el Hospital Juárez de México
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Vasquez-Santander, Inés Z.

; Antonio-Manrique, Martín

; Chávez-García, Miguel A.

; Pérez-Corona, Teófilo

; Andrade-Salinas, Roberto P.

; Manosalvas-Borja, Diego P.

; Jaramillo-Vargas, Gabriela I.

; Alcívar-Villavicencio, Elsy D.

; Velásquez-Martínez, Omar

; Domínguez-Aguilar, Liliana

; Tapia-Hernández, Mauricio

; Méndez-Bizarrón, Dalia V.

Endoscopia

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2020, Volume 32 Suppl. 2 Pages 558 - 565

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la correlación entre los hallazgos en ultrasonido endoscópico y de histopatología en lesiones del tracto digestivo proximal. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo. Expedientes de pacientes con ultrasonografía endoscópica proximal con resultado de patología en el Servicio de Endoscopia del Hospital Juárez de México de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Resultados: De 24 individuos, 14 mujeres (58,33%) y 10 hombres (41,67%), edad promedio 53,41 años. 46% sin comorbilidades, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e hipotiroidismo (15,38%, 11,53%, 11,53% respectivamente). Diagnósticos ultrasonográficos: tumor de páncreas (16,67%), Gist gástrico (16,67%), tumor ampular (12,47%), páncreas ectópico (8,33%), Gist esofágico (8,33%), tumor neuroendocrino (8,33%), pseudoquiste de cola de páncreas, pancreatitis autoinmune, quiste de duodeno, enfermedad de Menetrier, tumor gástrico (4,17%). Histopatología: adenocarcinoma pancreático (12,5%), adenocarcinoma gástrico (12,5%), gastritis crónica (12,5%), adenocarcinoma ampular, de colédoco y páncreas ectópico (8,33%), esofagitis, GIST, pancreatitis, tumor neuroendocrino pancreático (4,17%). La relación: diagnóstico por procedimiento con histopatología, aunque aparenta ser buena por haber una frecuencia alta de concordancia (11 de 18 casos, 68.75%) y tener un c2 <1 (0.617), estadísticamente no es significativo con una p = 0.621; OR 0.314 (IC 0.030 – 3.285). Conclusiones: Aunque los datos obtenidos en el estudio son similares a las estadísticas nacionales y a nivel mundial, la correlación entre los diagnósticos en ultrasonografía y el histopatológico no es estadísticamente significativo, esto debido a que es una base de datos corta, por lo que los datos no pueden ser extrapolados a todos los procedimientos.

https://doi.org/10.24875/end.m20000293 11 downloads

El ultrasonido pulmonar en cardiología: realidades y promesas
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Gopar-Nieto, Rodrigo

; Alanís-Estrada, Gabriela P.

; Ronquillo-Ramírez, Diestefano E.

; Vargas-Estrada, Jorge L.

; Arias-Mendoza, Alexandra

; Rojas-Velasco, Gustavo

; Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego

Archivos de cardiología de México

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dec 2019, Volume 89 N. 4 Pages 369 - 375

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Lung ultrasound is an easily available, reproducible examination tool, both in ambulatory and critically-ill patients, which is used to evaluate congestion status and to differentiate the etiology of dyspnea. In this review, we explain lung ultrasound technique, acquisition protocols and their interpretation, as well as the evidence that shows its effectiveness among stable and critically-ill patients. Lung ultrasound should be used as an add-on to traditional physical examination in order to give an accurate diagnosis and a rapid treatment to patients with pulmonary congestion.

Resumen El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta de fícil reproducibilidad en pacientes estables y críticos que se utiliza para valorar el estado de congestón y comprobar la causa de la disnea. En este texto se revisan los fundamentos de la ecografía pulmonar, los protocolos de adquisición y su interpretación, así como la evidencia que sustenta su uso en el paciente cardiovascular críticamente enfermo y en el paciente estable. Esta herramienta debe emplearse como complemento de la exploración física regular para poder instituir un tratamiento oportuno en los pacientes con congestión pulmonar.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.19000178 410 downloads

Recomendaciones para el uso racional de la prueba 25-hidroxivitamina D Resumen de política
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Herrera-Molina, Emilio

; González, Nancy Yomayusa

; Low-Padilla, Eduardo

; Oliveros-Velásquez, Juan David

; Mendivelso-Duarte, Fredy

; Gómez-Gómez, Olga Victoria

; Castillo, Ana María

; Barrero-Garzón, Liliana Isabel

; Álvarez-Moreno, Carlos Arturo

; Moscoso-Martínez, Ernesto Augusto

; Ruíz-Blanco, Pilar Cristin

; Luna-Ríos, Joaquín Gustavo

; Ortiz, Natasha

; Herrera, Emiliano Mauricio

; Guevara-Santamaría, Fabián

; Moreno-Gómez, Jairo Enrique

; Cárdenas-Ramírez, Héctor Mauricio

; González-González, Camilo Alberto

; Jannauth, María José

; Patiño-Pérez, Adulkarin

; Pinto, Diego Alejandro

; Acevedo, Juan Ramon

; Torres, Rodolfo Eduardo

; Montero, Jairo Camilo

; Acevedo, Andrés David

; Caceres, Ximena Adriana

; Acuña-Olmos, Jairo

; Arias, Carlos Andrés

; Medardo-Rozo, José

; Castellanos-Parada, Jeffrey

; López-Miranda, Ángelo Mauricio

; Pinzón-Serrano, Estefanía

; Rincón-Sierra, Oswaldo

; Isaza-Ruget, Mario

; Suárez-Ramos, María del Pilar

; Vargas-Rodríguez, Johanna

; Mejia-Gaviria, Natalia

; Moreno-Marín, Sandra Yadira

; García-Guarín, Bibiana María

; Cárdenas, Martha Lucía

; Chavarro, Luis Fernando

; Ronderos-Bernal, Camila

; Rico-Landazabal, Arturo

; Coronado-Daza, Jorge Antonio

; Alfaro-Tejeda, Mercedes Teresa

; Yama-Mosquera, Erica

; Hernández-Sierra, Astrid Patricia

; Restrepo-Valencia, César Augusto

; Arango-Álvarez, Javier

; Rosero-Olarte, Francisco Oscar Fernando

; Medina-Orjuela, Adriana

; Robayo-García, Adriana

; Carballo-Zarate, Virgil

; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Martha Patricia

; Bernal, Dora P.

; Jaramillo, Laura

; Baquero-Rodríguez, Richard

; Mejía-Gaviria, Natalia

; Aroca, Gustavo

Revista Colombiana de Nefrología

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dec 2019, Volume 6 N. 2 Pages 179 - 192

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract The exponential increase in the request for laboratory tests of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D or [25 (OH) D has ignited the alarms and generated a strong call for attention, since it may reflect deficiencies in the standardization of clinical practice and in the use non-systematic scientific evidence for decision-making in real life, which allows to analyze the indications of the test, its frequency, interpretation and even to assess the impact for health systems, especially when contrasted with the minimum or almost. No effects of the strategy of screening or supplying indiscriminately to the general population, without considering a comprehensive clinical assessment of risks and needs of people. From a purely public health impact point of view, the consequence of massive and unspecified requests is affecting most of the health systems and institutions at the global level. The primary studies that determined average population intake values have been widely used in the formulation of recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines, but unfortunately misinterpreted as cut points to diagnose disease and allow the exaggerated prescription of nutritional substitution. The coefficient of variation in routine tests to measure blood levels of 25 (OH) D is high (28%), decreasing the overall accuracy of the test and simultaneously, increasing both the falsely high and falsely low values. The most recent scientific evidence analyzes and seriously questions the usefulness and the real effect of the massive and indiscriminate practice of prescribing vitamin D without an exhaustive risk analysis. The available evidence is insufficient to recommend a general substitution of vitamin D to prevent fractures, falls, changes in bone mineral density, incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms and also to modify the growth curve of mothers' children. They received vitamin D as a substitute during pregnancy. The recommendations presented in the document are based on the critical analysis of current evidence and the principles of good clinical practice and invite to consider a rational use of 25 (OH) D tests in the context of a clinical practice focused on people and a comprehensive assessment of needs and risks. The principles of good practice suggest that clinicians may be able to justify that the results of the 25 (OH) D test strongly influence and define clinical practice and modify the outcomes that interest people and impact their health and wellness. Currently there is no clarity on how to interpret the results, and the relationship between symptoms and 25 (OH) D levels, which may not be consistent with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency reported. For this reason, it is suggested to review the rationale of the request for tests for systematic monitoring of levels of 25 (OH) D or in all cases where substitution is performed. Consider the use of 25 (OH) D tests within the comprehensive evaluation of people with suspicion or confirmation of the following conditions: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hyper or hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, sarcopenia, metabolic bone disease.

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Causas de morte e razões para eutanásia em gatos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul (1964-2013)
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Togni, Monique

; Curtis, Andressa

; Vargas, Diego P.

; Kommers, Glaucia D.

; Irigoyen, Luiz Francisco

; Fighera, Rafael A.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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apr 2018, Volume 38 N. 4 Pages 741 - 750

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência das doenças que causam a morte ou levam à eutanásia de gatos da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, foram revisados os arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre 1964 a 2013, e foram encontrados um total de 1.247 protocolos de necropsias de gatos. Em 878 protocolos (70,4%) a causa da morte e/ou razão para eutanásia foi estabelecida e em 369 casos (29,6%) não foi possível estabelecer uma causa definitiva. Os diagnósticos encontrados foram avaliados e distribuídos em diferentes categorias. Os grupos responsáveis pelo maior número de causas de morte ou razão para eutanásia em gatos foram os distúrbios causados por agentes físicos (15,6%), seguidos das doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (13,2%) e dos tumores (10,50%). Intoxicações e toxi-infecções (5,3%), doenças degenerativas (4,8%), distúrbios iatrogênicos (3,8%), doenças metabólicas e endocrinológicas (2,7%) foram categorias comuns. Doenças imunomediadas (2,1%), doenças nutricionais (1,6%), eutanásia por conveniência (1,4%) e distúrbios congênitos (1%) foram categorias incomuns. Outros distúrbios perfizeram 8,34% dos casos, As doenças mais importantes também foram avaliadas com relação à idade e os resultados obtidos demonstram que os adultos são mais acometidos pelo distúrbio do trato urinário inferior dos felinos, por traumas e por distúrbios iatrogênicos. Os gatos idosos são mais afetados por tumores e por doenças degenerativas, como a insuficiência renal crônica. Nos filhotes a principal doença que causa a morte ou eutanásia é a peritonite infecciosa feline.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the main diseases that cause death or euthanasia in cats in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV-UFSM) files were reviewed from 1964 to 2013 and a total of 1,247 cat necropsies protocols were found. In 878 (70.40%) protocols the cause of death and/or reason for euthanasia has been established while in 369 (29.59%) cases it was not possible to be determined and these were classified as inconclusive. The final diagnosis were evaluated and classified into different categories. The category which includes the largest number of causes of death or reason for euthanasia in cats are disorders due to physical agents (15.63%), followed by infectious and parasitic diseases (13.15%), tumors (10.50%), other disorders (8.34%), poisoning and toxinfections (5.29%), degenerative diseases (4.81%), iatrogenic disorders (3.76%), metabolic and endocrinological diseases (2.72%), immune-mediated diseases (2.08%), nutritional diseases (1.60), convenience euthanasia (1.44%) and congenital disorders (1.04%). The most important diseases were also evaluated according to age and the results demonstrated that adult cats are most affected by lower urinary tract disease, trauma and iatrogenic disorders. Elderly cats are most affected by tumors and chronic renal failure. However, in young cats, feline infections peritonitis were found to be the most important cause of death or euthanasia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5075 6102 downloads

Morphological evidence for the taxonomic status of the Bridge’s Guan, Penelope bridgesi, with comments on the validity of P. obscura bronzina (Aves: Cracidae)
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Evangelista-Vargas, Oscar Diego

; Silveira, Luís Fábio

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2018, Volume 35 elocation e12993

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Penelope obscura Temminck, 1815 is a forest guan found in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Three subspecies are currently recognized: Penelope o. obscura Temminck, 1815, P. o. bridgesi Gray, 1860, and P. o. bronzina Hellmayr, 1914. The limits between Penelope taxa are poorly understood since few studies have evaluated their differences in plumage, distribution and taxonomy. Based on 104 specimens deposited in ornithological collections we studied the variations in the plumage of P. obscura, including all characters that have been used to describe the included subspecies. Our results show that the plumage of these birds is extremely variable in southern and southeastern Brazil. Without any morphological and morphometric characters to support P. o. bronzina as a valid taxon, we synonymized it with P. obscura. Conversely, P. o. bridgesi, which occurs in the Yungas and the Chaco, is a distinct taxon and should be treated as a separate species from P. obscura.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12993 1633 downloads

Estimación del diámetro, altura y volumen a partir del tocón para especies forestales de Durango
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Quiñónez Barraza, Gerónimo

; Cruz Cobos, Francisco

; Vargas Larreta, Benedicto

; Hernández, Francisco Javier

Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales

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feb 2012, Volume 3 N. 9 Pages 23 - 39

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

When a forest mass has been harvested following a management program and the size of the stumps are the only evidence, it is possible to estimate diameter, height and volume of standing trees by allometric relationships. In this paper is described an experiment in which 12 mathematical models were fitted to predict normal diameter, total height and stem volume from the diameter of the stump of Pinus arizonica, P. ayacahuite, P. durangensis, P. leiophylla, P. teocote and Quercus sideroxila in San Diego de Tezains, Santiago Papasquiaro municipality, which is located at the northwestern region of the state of Durango and belongs to the Sierra Madre Occidental. A sample of 267 felled trees and linear and non-linear models were used. The fitting of models indicates that there is a linear tendency between normal diameter and total height, in terms of stump diameter, while for the volume of the stump, there is a logarithmic relationship. Also, a similitude among species in regard to the relations of the studied variables was observed. The resulting equations may be applied in the reconstruction of scenes after a forestry intervention occurs or when a catastrophic event takes place.

Cuando una masa forestal ha sido aprovechada mediante un programa de manejo y solo se tiene como evidencia las dimensiones de los tocones, es posible estimar a través de relaciones alométricas el diámetro y la altura, así como el volumen de los árboles en pie. En el presente trabajo se describe un experimento en el que se ajustaron 12 modelos matemáticos para predecir el diámetro normal, la altura total y el volumen del fuste, a partir del diámetro del tocón para Pinus arizonica , P. ayacahuite , P. durangensis , P. leiophylla , P. teocote y Quercus sideroxila en el ejido San Diego de Tezains, municipio Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango, que se ubica en la región noroeste del estado, en la Sierra Madre Occidental. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 267 árboles derribados y se emplearon modelos lineales y no lineales. El ajuste de los modelos indica que existe una tendencia lineal entre las variables diámetro normal y altura total, en función del diámetro del tocón; mientras que para el volumen del fuste, la relación es logarítmica. Así mismo, se observó que existe similitud entre especies, con respecto a las relaciones de las variables estudiadas. Las ecuaciones obtenidas pueden aplicarse en la reconstrucción de escenarios después de una intervención silvícola o la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales catastróficos.

9765 downloads

10.

Estudio termodinámico del proceso de mezcla de naproxeno sódico y procaína clorhidrato en mezclas cosolventes etanol + agua
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Delgado, Daniel R.

; Sotomayor, Reinaldo G.

; Monterroza, Diego R.

; Mora, Carolina P.

; Vargas, Edgar F.

; Martínez, Fleming

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas

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jun 2010, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 132 - 138

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

En este trabajo se estudiaron las funciones termodinámicas de mezcla de naproxeno sódico y procaína clorhidrato las cuales fueron calculadas a partir de las propiedades calorimétricas de fusión y de los valores de solubilidad en equilibrio en mezclas etanol + agua publicados en la literatura. Mediante análisis de compensación entálpica- entrópica se obtienen gráficos no lineales de ΔH°mix vs. ΔG°mix indicando diferentes mecanismos en el proceso de disolución según la composición cosolvente. Sin embargo, los eventos moleculares e iónicos involucrados en el proceso de disolución de este fármaco en este sistema cosolvente no son claros.

Thermodynamic functions Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of mixing of sodium naproxen and procaine hydrochloride were evaluated. Mixing quantities were calculated based on fusion calorimetric values obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements and equilibrium solubility values reported in the literature for both drugs in ethanol + water mixtures. By means of enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, non-linear ΔH°mix vs. ΔG°mix plots were obtained which indicates different mechanisms involved in the dissolution of these drugs according to mixtures composition. Nevertheless, the molecular and ionic events involved in the dissolution of this drug in this cosolvent system are unclear.

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