ABSTRACT The invasive white ginger lily (Hedichium coronarium - J. Köenig, 1783) simplifies the trait composition of an insect assemblage in the littoral zone of a Savanna reservoir. Invasive plants are believed to shift the trait composition of aquatic insects dwelling in banks of lentic ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of the invasive white ginger lily (H. coronarium) and the functional trait indices of the aquatic insect assemblage in the littoral zone of a tropical reservoir. We sampled aquatic insects on the invaded and non-invaded banks of the reservoir and then analyzed the insect trait indices by estimating the Functional Dispersion (FDis), Functional Evenness (FEve) and the Functional Divergence (FDiv), as well as the Community level Weight-Mean traits (CWM). Finally, we compared these indices between invaded and non-invaded banks as well as their relationship with the abiotic variables, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, depth and water temperature. The result confirmed that the invaded banks had lower values of functional indices as well as dissolved oxygen. However, this abiotic variable was found to have no effect on the functional indices. In addition, the white ginger lily bank presented higher contribution of collector-gathering to predator-piercer groups. We suggest that the invasion of white ginger lily promotes low heterogeneity habitat resulting in simplification on functional traits of aquatic insect assemblage.

ABSTRACT Invasive macrophytes threaten freshwater ecosystem biodiversity. We analyzed the impact of the invasive white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium J. König, Zingiberaceae) on aquatic insect assemblages living in the littoral zone of a tropical reservoir. We took aquatic insect samples in the littoral zone on four main vegetal profile banks: white ginger monotypic bank, forest partially invaded, native macrophyte monotypic bank and riparian forest. At each vegetal bank, we measured abiotic variables such as dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature and depth. We analyzed the aquatic insects through abundance, richness and Simpson diversity. We used the non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) analysis to analyze the spatial distribution of each assemblage, and Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) to verify differences amongst dissimilarity distances. Additionally, we analyzed the main taxa associated with invasive macrophytes through indicator species analyses using IndVal index. We observed that the invasive macrophyte banks presented higher abundance of associated specimens, as well as lower dissimilarity of aquatic insect assemblages. Additionally, invasive macrophytes shifted the water pH and littoral depth of reservoir banks. The IndVal index indicated eight aquatic insects as indicator species. Labrundinia unicolor Silva, 2013, Ablabesmyia depaulai Neubern, 2013 and Diastatops Rambur, 1842 were indicator species on banks. We concluded that invasion of white ginger lily caused loss of shallow littoral habitat and altered the pH of the surrounding water probably by high decomposition rate and high production of plant biomass. We suggest the use of species of aquatic insects as indicator species to monitor white ginger lily impact in freshwater systems.

Uma espécie nova de cecidomiídeo galhador, Lopesia eichhorniae sp. nov. (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera), associada a rizomas de Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) está sendo descrita neste trabalho. Esse é o primeiro registro de galhas de Lopesia nessa espécie de macrófita, muito comum em lagos naturais e artificiais na região Sudeste do Brasil. Ilustrações de adultos e imaturos da espécie nova e de suas galhas são apresentadas.

A new species of gall midge, Lopesia eichhorniae sp. nov. (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera), associated with rhizomes of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth (Pontederiaceae) is described. This is the first record of Lopesia galls in this species of macrophyte, quite common in natural and artificial lakes in Southeast Brazil. Illustrations of the adults (male and female), pupa, larva, and gall of the new species are presented.

Neste artigo é apresentada a descrição de larva, pupa, adulto macho e cariótipo de Chironomus amissum, uma nova espécie do sudeste brasileiro. Ela pertence ao citocomplexo pseudothummi com 2n=8 e cromossomos com combinações de braços: AE BF CD G. Várias inversões homozigóticas diferem o braço A da nova espécie em relação às espécies Chironomus columbiensisWülker et al. 1989 e Chironomus anonymus Williston, 1896. Uma inversão homozigótica do braço F diferencia essa espécie de C. anonymus. Caracteres que diferenciam a espécie nova são também apresentados para larva, pupa e adulto.

The paper presents a description of larva, pupa, imago (male) and karyotype of Chironomus amissum from southeastern Brazil. It belongs to pseudothummi cytocomplex with 2n=8 and chromosome arm combinations: AE BF CD G. Several fixed homozygous inversions distinguished arm A of the new species from that of Chironomus columbiensis Wülker et al. 1989 and Chironomus anonymus Williston, 1896. One homozygous inversion of arm F differentiated it from C. anonymus. Species-specific characters were presented in the larva, pupa and imago.

OBJETIVO: O principal objetivo foi comparar a cinética de decomposição e a colonização de detritos de duas espécies de plantas: a nativa Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo) e a exótica Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar) por macroinvertebrados; MÉTODOS: Para cada substrato, três recipientes de colonização foram retirados de um riacho e os espécimes identificados até o menor nível taxonômico nos dias 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 e 75. Os detritos foram pesados no início e ao final do experimento e determinadas suas frações de parede celular; RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de mineralização indicaram maior velocidade de decaimento da matéria orgânica refratária nos detritos de T. ovata. Os dois substratos não apresentaram diferenças na estrutura taxonômica da comunidade, mas apresentaram agrupamentos funcionais distintos no pico de colonização, com maior número de fragmentadores em T. ovata. Os diferentes estados de decomposição dos dois tipos de detritos vegetais apresentaram densidades faunísticas distintas; CONCLUSÕES: A quantidade e estado da biomassa vegetal são fatores importantes que influenciam a densidade e diversidade da fauna de macroinvertebrados durante o processo de decomposição orgânica.

AIM: The aim was to compare the kinetics of decomposition and the colonization of leaf litter of two plant species, the native Talauma ovata (pinha-do-brejo) and the exotic Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), by aquatic macroinvertebrates; METHODS: From each substrate, three recipients of colonization were taken from a stream, and the specimens identified to the lowest taxonomic level on days 7, 15, 34, 44, 61 and 75. The debris was weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment and determined their cell wall fractions; RESULTS: The coefficients of mineralization indicated higher velocity decay of organic matter refractory in T. ovata. There was no difference in taxonomic structure of macroinvertebrates, between the two substrates, but the community exhibited distinct functional feeding groups in the peak of colonization, with a greater number of shredders in T. ovata. The successive states of decomposition of the two plant detritus showed distinct macroinvertebrate densities; CONCLUSIONS: The amount and state of the plant biomass were important factors influencing the density and diversity of the macroinvertebrate fauna throughout the process of organic decomposition.

Primeiro registro de larvas de Chironomidae como presas de Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), um ectosimbionte de larvas de Corydalidae (Maegaloptera). Este estudo constitui o primeiro registro de Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), um ectosimbionte em larvas de Megaloptera, como um possível predador de larvas de Chironomidae. Vinte e oito larvas de Corydalidae (Corydalus e Protochauliodes) foram examinadas sobre estereomicroscópio na busca por Temnocephala e larvas de Chironomidae, das quais cinco larvas de Megaloptera continham 24 Temnocephala sp. associadas. Além disso, oito Temnocephala possuíam em seu conteúdo estomacal larvas de Chironomidae, uma interação desconhecida anteriormente. A análise do conteúdo estomacal revelou Corynoneura como o quironomídeo mais abundante, e também algumas larvas de Larsia, Rheotanytarsus e Tanytarsus. Este estudo inclui Corydalus e Protochauliodes como hospedeiros de Temnocephala, os quais podem ser importantes para a dispersão e dinâmica populacional desses vermes.

First record of larvae of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) as prey of Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), an ectosymbiont on larvae of Corydalidae (Megaloptera). This study constitutes the first record of Temnocephala Blanchard, an ectosymbiont on Corydalidae, as a possible predator of chironomid larvae. Twenty-eight Corydalidae larvae (Corydalus and Protochauliodes) were examined under stereomicroscopic in search for Temnocephala and Chironomidae larvae, of which five megalopteran larvae had 24 Temnocephala sp. associated. Furthermore, eight of these Temnocephala worms had chironomid larvae in their gut contents, an interaction previously unknown. Gut content analyses revealed Corynoneura as the commonest chironomid, but larvae of Larsia, Rheotanytarsus and Tanytarsus were recorded as well. This study included Corydalus and Protochauliodes as hosts for Temnocephala, which might be important for this worm dispersion and population dynamics.

Neste trabalho, nós investigamos se há correspondência entre comunidade de macroinvertebrados e classificação de igarapés em águas claras e brancas no oeste da Amazônia. Nós trabalhos em duas bacias hidrográficas, Rio Moa (águas claras) e Rio Azul (águas brancas) no Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brasil, amostrando 10 igarapés em cada bacia. Coletamos 2952 indivíduos, distribuídos em 134 taxa. Nossos resultados mostram que a comunidade de macroinvertebrados, identificada com baixa e alta resolução taxonômica, responde claramente a classificação tipológica de igarapés em águas claras e brancas.A principal implicação dos nossos resultados no âmbito de biomonitoramento é que a partição da variação biótica entre igarapés de águas claras e brancas pode melhorar a racionalidade e implantação de sistemas de avaliação ambiental na Amazônia.

In this study we have attempted to answer whether there is correspondence between aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and the typological classification of white and clean-water streams in western Amazonia lowlands. We worked within two distinct hydrographic basins: Moa River catchment (clear-water streams) and Azul River catchment (white-water streams) in Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre State, Brazil, sampling 10 streams in each basin. A total of 2,952 individuals were collected, distributed among 134 taxa. Our results show that macroinvertebrate communities, at genus as well as family level, are in concordance to a priori classifications that distinguish between white and clear water streams. The main implication of our results for biomonitoring is that biotic variation between white and clear streams can be partitioned regionally, which would improve the bioassessment accuracy of the Amazonian streams.

OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo analisou a influência do cultivo de banana sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos de córregos localizados na região sul do Estado de São Paulo em áreas de Mata Atlântica (quatro em áreas com cultivo de banana e quatro localizados em áreas preservadas); MÉTODOS: As coletas da fauna foram realizadas no período de outubro a novembro de 2005. Os macroinvertebrados foram coletados com amostrador tipo Surber e rede D, ambos com malha de 0,25 mm em áreas de corredeira e remanso; RESULTADOS: No total, foram coletados 3609 macroinvertebrados pertencentes a 57 famílias, sendo 45 nos córregos florestados e 46 nos locais de cultivo da banana. Gripopterygidae, Perlidae, Leptophlebiidae, Leptoceridae, Helicopsychidae, e Palaemonidae foram mais abundantes nos córregos preservados, enquanto Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae e Baetidae foram mais abundantes nos córregos localizados em áreas de plantações de banana. A diversidade, a riqueza e os índices comunitários responderam às características do uso de terra analisados. A análise de Cluster, utilizando-se UPGMA e Simpson como medida de similaridade, aplicada sobre a fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos, apontou para dois agrupamentos, sendo um localizado em áreas com cultivo de banana e outro localizado na área preservada. O teste de similaridade (ANOSIM) aplicado aos dois agrupamentos também apontou para diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre as duas áreas; CONCLUSÕES: Esta atividade agrícola, apesar de apresentar pouca influencia para a riqueza de espécies, parece influenciar na estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados de córregos de baixa ordem da região da Mata Atlântica modificando os arranjos faunísticos.

AIMS: The present study describes the influence of banana plant cultivation on macroinvertebrate communities of streams located in the southeastern region of São Paulo state in the Atlantic Forest (four located in areas of banana cultivation and four in preserved areas); METHODS: Sampling was performed during October and November of 2005. The fauna was collected with Surber sampler and a D-aquatic net (both with mesh of 0.25 mm) in rapids and backwaters. Simultaneously, an environmental characterization of each stream was made; RESULTS: In total, 3,609 individuals were collected, distributed in 57 families, in which 45 were in forested streams and 46 in the banana plantation sites. Gripopterygidae, Perlidae, Leptophlebiidae, Leptoceridae, Helicopsychidae and Palaemonidae were abundant in forested streams, while Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae and Baetidae were abundant in the streams located in banana cultivation areas. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) with Simpson similarity measurement applied to the fauna of all streams evidenced the differences between forested and banana plantation streams. An analysis of similarity applied to both situations also pointed to significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two areas; CONCLUSIONS: This agricultural activity, although did not influence species richness patterns, seems to influence the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in low order streams in the Atlantic Forest region.

É apresentado um inventário atualizado (junho/2010) das espécies de Chironomidae do Estado de São Paulo. Ao todo são listadas 149 espécies (91 Chironominae, 44 Orthocladiinae, 13 Tanypodinae e 1 Podonominae) acompanhadas de informações sobre os estágios de vida conhecidos e comentários adicionais sobre alguns táxons com nomenclatura duvidosa e/ou modificada.

In this paper we present an updated inventory (June/2010) of the Chironomidae species from the State of São Paulo. Altogether 149 species are listed (91 Chironominae, 44 Orthocladiinae, 13 Tanypodinae and 1 Podonominae) accompanied by information about the known life stages and additional comments on some taxa with dubious nomenclature and / or modified nomenclature.

The aim of this work was to study the contamination by chromium in the sediments of the Monte Alegre stream and in the larvae of Odonata and the possible impact caused by them on the stream macroinvertebrates community. It was found that chromium contaminated the sediments and the aquatic biota. Although, the stream macroinvertebrates community structure did not appear to be modified.

Tanytarsus lenyae sp. n., T. giovannii sp. n., T. fittkaui sp. n. and T. alfredoi sp. n. from São Paulo State (Brazil) are described and diagnosed, the first as adult male and pupa, and the remaining as male, pupa and larva. The species were collected in areas of Cerrado, at the boundaries of São Carlos city. Complete diagnoses and drawings of the species are given. The imagos can be separated from other species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp mainly by differences in the antennal ratio, dorsomedian extension of the eyes, the thorax and wing setation, the shape of anal tergal bands, the anal point armament and the shape of superior volsella, digitus and median volsella. The pupae are characterized by the thoracic horn armament, the arrangement of the precorneals, the shape of anal comb and the abdominal setation. The larvae can be separated by differences in the antennal pedestal, the sclerotization of the second antennal segment, the size of Lauterborn organ pedicels, the shape of the clypeal seta S3 and the sclerotization of the mentum. Apparently, the four new species are not closely related, and the anal point armament alone would be enough to separate one species from the other.

Streams located in areas of sugar cane cultivation receive elevated concentrations of metal ions from soils of adjacent areas. The accumulation of metals in the sediments results in environmental problems and leads to bioaccumulation of metal ions by the aquatic organisms. In the present study, bioaccumulation of the metals ions Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in aquatic insects in streams impacted by the sugar cane was evaluated. The results pointed out that the insects were contaminated by the sediment and that the collector organisms as Chironomus species accumulated higher concentration of metals than the predator organisms.

Neste estudo reportamos pela primeira vez a ocorrência de larvas de Chironomus inquinatus Correia, Trivinho-Strixino & Michailova vivendo no casco do cágado Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger, possivelmente em função da intensa acumulação de sedimento, em um rio poluído da região Neotropical.

In this study we report for the first time the occurrence of Chironomus inquinatus larvae Correia, Trivinho-Strixino & Michailova living on the shell of the side-necked turtle, Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger, possibly by the intense accumulation of sediment, in a polluted river of the Neotropics.

No Estado de São Paulo, a cultura de cana-de-açúcar tem se expandido significativamente nos últimos 15 anos, sendo este o maior produtor nacional com uma produção anual de 200.10(6) t em uma área de 2.5. 10(6) ha. O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, aliado ao problema da devastação das matas ciliares tem ocasionado impactos sobre os recursos hídricos das áreas adjacentes. Nesse estudo foi avaliada a influência da atividade canavieira sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos de 11 córregos sobre diferentes usos da terra. Análises do sedimento (matéria orgânica e metais) e da água complementaram o estudo. Noventa e seis táxons de macroinvertebrados foram coletados, sendo 54 de Chironomidae e 42 de outros macroinvertebrados. Os córregos localizados em áreas com atividade canavieira e pastagens, apresentaram uma baixa variedade faunística com predomínio de larvas de Chironomidae (78% do total). Ao contrário, os córregos localizados em áreas com vegetação ripária apresentaram uma rica fauna aquática com menor participação de larvas de Chironomidae (60% do total)

The aim of this work was to study the influence of the sugar cane cultivation on the macroinvertebrate communities of 11 streams under different land uses. Analysis of the sediment (organic matter contents and metals) and water complemented the study. Ninety six macroinvertebrates taxa were identified, of which 54 were Chironomidae and 42 of other aquatic macroinvertebrates. The streams located in the areas of sugar cane culture and pasture presented low taxa and a great participation of Chironomidae (78% of the total). In contrast, the streams located in the areas with riparian vegetation presented a rich aquatic fauna with less participation of Chironomidae (60% of the total).

Neste manuscrito são descritos os estágios larvais de Simulium cuasiexiguum Shelley, Luna Dias, Maia-Herzog & Lowry e Simulium obesum Vulcano. São fornecidos ainda novos registros para quatro espécies de borrachudos para o estado de São Paulo (Simulium cuasiexiguum, Simulium metallicum s.l. Bellardi, Simulium stellatum Gil Azevedo, Figueró & Maia-Herzog e Simulium oyapockense s.l. Floch & Abonnenc) e de três para Minas Gerais (Simulium duodenicornium Pepinelli, Hamada & Trivinho-Strixino, Simulium obesum e Lutzsimulium pernigrum Lutz).

We describe the larval stage of Simulium cuasiexiguum Shelley, Luna Dias, Maia-Herzog & Lowry and Simulium obesum Vulcano and provide new distribution records of four black fly species in the State of São Paulo (Simulium cuasiexiguum, Simulium metallicum s.l. Bellardi, Simulium stellatum Gil Azevedo, Figueró & Maia-Herzog and Simulium oyapockense s.l. Floch & Abonnenc) and three species in the State of Minas Gerais (Simulium duodenicornium Pepinelli, Hamada & Trivinho-Strixino, Simulium obesum and Lutzsimulium pernigrum Lutz).