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Depressão, ansiedade e estresse em profissionais da linha de frente da COVID-19
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Cavalcante, Fernanda Lúcia Nascimento Freire

; Negreiros, Bárbara Teixeira Campos

; Maia, Rodrigo da Silva

; Maia, Eulália Maria Chaves

Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental

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jun 2022, N. 27 Pages 6 - 20

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen Introdución: La pandemia del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) representa un desafío a la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en la atención directa al paciente. Se necesitan datos de investigación para apoyar la implementación de las intervenciones e las medidas de protección. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia y factores relacionados con la ansiedad, depresión y estrés en el equipo de salud de un hospital de referencia en la atención de pacientes con COVID-19 cuatro meses después del primer caso confirmado en Brasil. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo con enfermeros, técnicos de enfermería, fisioterapeutas y médicos. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los aspectos profesionales relacionados a la COVID-19. Se utilizó la escala DASS-21 para evaluar la ansiedad, depresión y el estrés. Resultados: Participaron de la investigación 112 personas, de las cuales el 52,68% presentaron síntomas de depresión, el 57,14% de ansiedad y el 78,57% de stress. Hubo asociación de depresión con el puesto de enfermero, con el hecho de estar bajo acompañamiento psicológico previo a la pandemia, con la ausencia de participación en capacitaciones para la asistencia. La ansiedade presentó asociacion con el sexo feminino y con el miedo a enfermarse. El estrés se asoció a una edad más joven, de 30 a 39 años y al estado civil casado o en unión estable. Conclusión: Durante la fase inicial del brote de COVID-19 hubo una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales entre los profesionales de la asistencia directa al paciente y los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés se manifestaron en la mayoría de los participantes de manera moderada y severa.

Abstract Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) represented a challenge to the mental health of health professionals working in direct paciente care. Research data is important to assist with the implementation of interventions and protective measures. Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors related to anxiety, depression and stress in the health team of a referral hospital in the care of patients with COVID-19 four months after the first confirmed case in Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study with nurses, nursing technicians, physiotherapist and physicians. A sociodemographic and profesional aspects related to COVID-19 questionnaire were used. To assess anxiety, depression and stress the DASS-21 scale was used. Results: 112 people participated in the study, of which 52,68% had depression symptoms, 57,14% of anxiety and 78,57% of stress. There was an association of depression with the position of nurse, with being under psychological monitoring prior the pandemic, with absence of participation in care training. Anxiety was associated with female gender and the fear of falling ill. Stress was associated with the younger age, 30 to 39 years, and with marital status, married or in stable union. Conclusion: during the initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak there was a high prevalence of mental disorders among professionals directly assisting patients and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were manifested in most participants in a moderated or severe manner.

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) representa um desafio à saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na assistência direta ao paciente. Dados de pesquisas são necessários para auxiliar a implementação de intervenções e medidas de proteção. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores relacionados à ansiedade, depressão e estresse na equipe de saúde de um hospital de referência no atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 quatro meses após o primeiro caso confirmado no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, correlacional e quantitativo com enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, fisioterapeutas e médicos. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e sobre os aspectos profissionais relacionados a COVID-19. Para a avaliação da ansiedade, depressão e estresse foi utilizada a escala DASS-21. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 112 pessoas, das quais 52,68% apresentaram sintomas de depressão, 57,14% de ansiedade e 78,57% de estresse. Houve associação da depressão com o cargo de enfermeiro, com o fato de estar em acompanhamento psicológico anterior a pandemia, com a ausência de participação em treinamento para assistência. A ansiedade apresentou associação com o sexo feminino e com o medo de adoecer. O estresse foi associado a idade mais jovem, 30 a 39 anos e ao estado civil casado ou em união estável. Conclusão: Durante a fase inicial do surto de COVID-19 houve uma alta prevalência de transtornos mentais nos profissionais de assistência direta ao paciente e os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse se manifestaram na maioria dos participantes de forma moderada e grave.

https://doi.org/10.19131/rpesm.321 371 downloads

Comunidades terapêuticas religiosas: entre a salvação pela fé e a negação dos seus princípios
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Bardi, Giovanna

; Garcia, Maria Lúcia Teixeira

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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apr 2022, Volume 27 N. 4 Pages 1557 - 1566

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O avanço das comunidades terapêuticas no Brasil aponta para um retorno ao paradigma manicomial, com financiamento público para internações baseadas em laborterapia e conversão religiosa. No Espírito Santo, a relação entre essas instituições e setores do governo se amplia a partir de 2013. Diante deste cenário, objetivamos analisar, por meio desta pesquisa qualitativa, o papel das comunidades terapêuticas religiosas no tratamento de indivíduos em uso abusivo de drogas, focalizando no impacto dos métodos religiosos empregados nestes locais. Para isso, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 28 indivíduos egressos de internações nestes locais. As entrevistas foram realizadas durante seis meses e, posteriormente, transcritas na íntegra. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise do Discurso. Os discursos dos sujeitos oscilaram: 13 referiram que as instituições tiveram um importante papel em seus processos de tratamento e que os métodos religiosos os ajudaram; e 15 defenderam que as instituições não foram eficientes em seus tratamentos e que os métodos religiosos nada contribuíram. O estudo elucidou a necessidade de fiscalização destas instituições, bem como reflexão sobre a pertinência das mesmas como locais financiados publicamente para o tratamento da população usuária de drogas.

Abstract The growth of Brazilian therapeutic communities points to a return to the asylum paradigm, with public funding for hospitalizations based on labor therapy and religious conversion. The relationship between these institutions and government sectors has expanded since 2013 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Given this scenario, we aimed to analyze, through this qualitative research, the role of religious therapeutic communities in the treatment of individuals with problematic drug use, focusing on the impact of the religious methods employed in these places. To this end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 individuals who had been treated in these places. The interviews were held for six months and subsequently transcribed in full. The data were analyzed using the Discourse Analysis. The subjects’ statements widely differed: 13 reported that institutions had an essential role in their treatment and pointed out that religious methods helped them, while 15 argued that institutions were inefficient in their treatment and religious methods were ineffective. The study elucidated the need for inspection of these institutions and stirred a reflection concerning their suitability as publicly funded places to treat the drug user population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022274.05152021

Comunidades terapêuticas religiosas: entre a salvação pela fé e a negação dos seus princípios
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Bardi, Giovanna

; Garcia, Maria Lúcia Teixeira

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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apr 2022, Volume 27 N. 4 Pages 1557 - 1566

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022274.05152021

Coxsackievirus A6 strains causing an outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Northeastern Brazil in 2018
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Luchs, Adriana

; Azevedo, Lais Sampaio de

; Souza, Ellen Viana de

; Medeiros, Roberta Salzone

; Souza, Yasmin França Viana Pires de

; Teixeira, Dalane Loudal Florentino

; Carneiro, Thiago Franco de Oliveira

; Alencar, Gabriela Maria Fernandes de

; Morais, Fernanda Lúcia de Sousa Leite

; Pinto, Diana de Fátima Alves

; Okay, Thelma Suely

; Yamamoto, Lidia

; Morais, Vanessa dos Santos

; Araújo, Emerson Luiz Lima

; Leal, Elcio

; Costa, Antonio Charlys da

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e16

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral disease commonly associated to Enteroviruses (EV). During 2018, Brazil faced massive HFMD outbreaks spread across the country. This study aimed to characterize the EV responsible for the HFMD outbreak that occurred in Paraiba State, Brazilian Northeastern region, in 2018, followed by a phylogenetic analysis to detail information on its genetic diversity. A total of 49 serum samples (one from each patient) collected from children ≤ 15 years old, clinically diagnosed with HFMD were tested for EV using conventional RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. EV infection was confirmed in 71.4% (35/49) of samples. The mean and median ages were 1.83 years and one year old, respectively. Twenty-two EV-positive samples were successfully sequenced and classified as EV-A species; 13 samples were also identified with the CV-A6 genotype. The phylogenetic analysis (VP1 region) of three samples revealed that the detected CV-A6 strains belonged to sub-lineage D3. The CV-A6 strains detected here clustered with strains from South America, Europe and West Asia strains that were also involved in HFMD cases during the 2017-2018 seasons, in addition to the previously detected Brazilian CV-A6 strains from 2012 to 2017, suggesting a global co-circulation of a set of different CV-A6 strains introduced in the country at different times. The growing circulation of the emerging CV-A6 associated with HFMD, together with the detection of more severe cases worldwide, suggests the need for a more intense surveillance system of HFMD in Brazil. In addition, this investigation was performed exclusively on serum samples, and the analysis of whole blood samples should be considered and could have shown advantages when employed in the diagnosis of enteroviral HFMD outbreaks.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264016

Experiência de disciplinas do Programa de Estágio Supervisionado de Capacitação Docente na pósgraduação: reflexão e potência no ensino superior
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Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida

; Ogata, Márcia Niituma

; Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira

Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação

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2022, Volume 26 elocation e210342

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Apresenta-se uma experiência na formação para a docência do ensino superior nas disciplinas que compõem o Programa de Estágio Supervisionado de Capacitação Docente. Os principais desafios relatados pelos pós-graduandos no contato com seus estudantes foram: o conflito geracional, a aprendizagem empírica do fazer do professor e a frágil apropriação de conceitos educacionais. Os desafios das docentes na condução das disciplinas perpassam a mediação da aprendizagem na quebra de paradigmas; e o estímulo à prática reflexiva e à aprendizagem significativa. As disciplinas permitiram, na avaliação discente, a análise crítica do seu papel social; a gestão do processo educativo; a aproximação de conceitos e de estratégias educacionais; e mudanças na prática. Espera-se que este relato possa inspirar outros programas e apoiar iniciativas que considerem rever o papel da pós-graduação na formação para a docência.

An experience in training for teaching in higher education is presented in the subjects encompassed by the Supervised Internship Program for Teacher Education. The main challenges reported by graduate students were: generational conflict; the empirical learning of the teacher’s doing; the fragile appropriation of educational concepts. The challenges faced by teachers in conducting the disciplines permeate the mediation of learning by breaking paradigms and encouraging reflection of the practice and meaningful learning. The subjects allowed, in the student evaluation, the critical analysis of their social role; the management of the educational process; the approximation of educational concepts and strategies; and changes in practice. It is hoped that this report can inspire other programs and support initiatives that consider reviewing the role of graduate studies in teacher education.

Se presenta una experiencia en la formación para la docencia de la enseñanza superior juntamente con las asignaturas que componen el Programa de Pasantía Supervisada de Capacitación Docente. Los principales desafíos relatados por los alumnos de postgrado en el contacto con sus estudiantes fueron: el conflicto generacional, el aprendizaje empírico del quehacer del profesor, la frágil apropiación de conceptos educativos. Los desafíos de las docentes en la dirección de las asignaturas atraviesan la mediación del aprendizaje en la ruptura de paradigmas, el incentivo a la práctica reflexiva y al aprendizaje significativo. Las asignaturas permitieron, en la evaluación discente, el análisis crítico de su papel social, la gestión del proceso educativo, la aproximación de conceptos y estrategias educativas y cambios en la práctica. Se espera que este relato pueda inspirar otros Programas y dar apoyo a iniciativas que consideren la revisión del papel del postgrado en la formación para la docencia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.210342

Experiência de disciplinas do Programa de Estágio Supervisionado de Capacitação Docente na pósgraduação: reflexão e potência no ensino superior
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Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida

; Ogata, Márcia Niituma

; Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira

Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação

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2022, Volume 26 elocation e210342

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.210342

Factors associated with hospitalizations for Covid-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Reumacov Brazil registry
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Gomides, Ana Paula Monteiro

; Albuquerque, Cleandro Pires de

; Mota, Licia Maria Henrique da

; Devidé, Guilherme

; Dias, Laiza Hombre

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Giovelli, Raquel Altoé

; Karnopp, Thais Evelyn

; Lima, Hugo Deleon de

; Marinho, Adriana

; Oliveira, Marianne Schrader de

; Omura, Felipe

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Resende, Gustavo

; Ribeiro, Francinne Machado

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Sacilotto, Nathália de Carvalho

; Santos, Wander Gonzaga dos

; Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki

; Studart, Samia Araujo de Sousa

; Teixeira, Flávia Patricia Sena

; Yazbek, Michel Alexandre

; Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida

; Monticielo, Odirlei A.

; Paiva, Eduardo

; Pileggi, Gecilmara Cristina Salviato

; Reis Neto, Edgard Torres dos

; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros

; Marques, Claudia D. L.

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 13

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Patients using immunosuppressive drugs may have unfavorable results after infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding COVID 19 in these patients, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID 19 hospitalizations in patients with RA. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study is within the ReumaCoV Brazil registry and included 489 patients with RA. In this context, 269 patients who tested positive for COVID 19 were compared to 220 patients who tested negative for COVID 19 (control group). All patient data were collected from the Research Electronic Data Capture database. Results: The participants were predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 53 ±12 years. Of the patients with COVID 19, 54 (20.1%) required hospitalization. After multiple adjustments, the final regression model showed that heart disease (OR =4.61, 95% CI 1.06–20.02. P < 0.001) and current use of glucocorticoids (OR =20.66, 95% CI 3.09–138. P < 0.002) were the risk factors associated with hospitalization. In addition, anosmia was associated with a lower chance of hospitalization (OR =0.26; 95% CI 0.10–0.67, P < 0.005). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that heart disease and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions for COVID 19 in patients with RA. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR 33YTQC.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00244-5

Legislation and quality of nursing education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
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Fernandes, Josicélia Dumêt

; Cordeiro, Ana Lúcia Arcanjo Oliveira

; Teixeira, Giselle Alves da Silva

; Silva, Rosana Maria Oliveira

; Silva, Gilberto Tadeu Reis da

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 75 N. 3 elocation e20210825

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivos: refletir sobre os atos normativos governamentais editados para a educação superior durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e sobre as repercussões desses atos na qualidade da educação em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de uma reflexão acerca das repercussões para a qualidade do ensino de enfermagem, baseada nos atos normativos aplicados ao ensino superior, promulgados no período de março a dezembro de 2020, disponíveis no site do Ministério da Educação e na literatura vigente sobre a temática, ancorada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Resultados: a legislação educacional, no contexto da pandemia, distanciou o ensino do mundo do trabalho, assim como da qualidade da formação estabelecida nas diretrizes. Considerações Finais: o ensino remoto na enfermagem dificulta a formação de profissionais com capacidade para a efetividade do processo de ensinar e aprender no mundo real do cuidado e da promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the governmental normative acts issued for higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic and on the repercussions of these acts on the quality of nursing education in Brazil. Methods: this is a reflection on the repercussions for the quality of nursing education, based on the normative acts applied to higher education, enacted from March to December 2020, available on the Ministry of Education website and in the current literature on the subject anchored in the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Nursing Course. Results: educational legislation, in the context of the pandemic, distanced education from the world of work, as well as from the quality of training established in the guidelines. Final Considerations: remote teaching in nursing makes it difficult to train professionals with the capacity to effectively teach and learn in the real world of care and health promotion in the Unified Health System.

RESUMEN Objetivos: reflexionar sobre actos normativos gubernamentales editados para la educación superior durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y las repercusiones de estos en la calidad de la educación en enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: reflexión sobre las repercusiones para la calidad de la enseñanza de enfermería, basada en actos normativos aplicados a educación superior, promulgados entre marzo a diciembre de 2020, disponibles en sitio del Ministerio de la Educación y en la literatura vigente sobre la temática, ancorada en Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de la Graduación en Enfermería. Resultados: la legislación educacional, durante la pandemia, alejó la enseñanza del mundo del trabajo, así como de la calidad de la formación establecida en las directrices. Consideraciones Finales: la enseñanza remota en enfermería dificulta la formación de profesionales con capacidad para efectividad del proceso de enseñar y aprender en el mundo real del cuidado y promoción de salud en el Sistema Único de Salud.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0825

National Brazilian survey on the outcomes of hepatitis c retreatment in patients non-responders to direct antiviral agents
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Ferraz, Maria Lúcia Gomes

; Piccoli, Leonora de Zorzi

; Rezende, Rosamar

; Borba, Luiz Augusto

; Pissaia Junior, Alcindo

; Cheinquer, Hugo

; Silva, Giovanni Faria

; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão

; Villela-Nogueira, Cristiane Alves

; Mazo, Daniel Ferraz

; Souza, Fernanda Fernandes

; Codes, Liana

; Ivantes, Claudia Alexandra Pontes

; Gomide, Geisa Perez Medina

; Pereira, Gustavo Henrique Santos

; Pessôa, Mário Guimarães

; França, Alex Vianey Callado

; Pinto, Arlene dos Santos

; Teixeira, Rosângela

; Bittencourt, Paulo Lisboa

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2022, Volume 26 N. 4 elocation 102388

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background and aims: Treatment of hepatitis C with direct antiviral agents (DAA) is associated with almost 95% of sustained virological response. However, some patients need retreatment. In Brazil, it should be done according to the Ministry of Health guidelines, frequently updated to include newly available drugs. This study aimed to conduct a national survey about the characteristics and outcomes of retreatment of hepatitis C in previously non-responders to DAAs. Patients and methods: Institutions from all over the country were invited to participate in a national registry for retreatment, including information about clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients, type and outcomes of retreatment regimens. Only patients previously treated with interferon-free regimens were included. Results: As previous treatments the distribution was: SOF/DCV (56%), SOF/SIM (22%), 3D (11%), SOF/LED (6%) and SOF/RBV (5%). For retreatment the most frequently used drugs were SOF/GP (46%), SOF/DCV (23%) and SOF/VEL (11%). From 159 patients retreated, 132/159 (83%) had complete information in the registry and among them only seven patients were non-responders (SVR of 94.6%). All retreatments were well tolerated, without any serious adverse events or interruptions. Conclusion: The retreatment of patients previously non-responders to DAAs was associated with high rate of SVR in this sample of Brazilian patients. This finding allows us to conclude that the retreatment options available in the public health system in Brazil are effective and safe and are an important component of the strategy of elimination of hepatitis C in our country.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102388

10.

Biological properties of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi essential oil
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Vasconcelos, Priscilla Guimarães Silva

; Alves, Érika Ponchet

; Maia, Carolina Medeiros de Almeida

; Brito, Arella Cristina Muniz

; Silva, Diego Romário

; Freires, Irlan Almeida

; Cavalcanti, Yuri Wanderley

; Rehder, Vera Lucia Garcia

; Ruiz, Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois

; Duarte, Marta Cristina Teixeira

; Rosalen, Pedro Luiz

; Godoy, Gustavo Pina

; Costa, Edja Maria Melo de Brito

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e20417

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi green fruits essential oil (EO) was evaluated regarding its phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and toxicity. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was applied to identify its constituents, thereafter the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, and its antibiofilm activity were evaluated. The EO cytotoxicity was assessed in tumor and non-tumor human cells, and in vivo toxicity was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The major constituents of S. terebinthifolia EO were alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene. The EO had a weak activity against all strains of Candida albicans (MIC 1000μg/mL) and had no activity against non-albicans strains, bacteria, and C. albicans biofilm. Cytostatic activity against all tumor cell lines was shown. Additionally, cell viability remained at EO concentrations up to 62.5 μg/mL. At 16 mg/mL, 50% hemolysis was observed, and it had low toxicity in vivo. Overall, the S. terebinthifolia EO was characterized by low antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with no evidence of toxicity to human tumor and non-tumor cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902021000x2e20417

11.

Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from chronic chagasic patients and non-human hosts in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza, Thiago Kury Moreno de

; Westphalen, Elizabeth Visone Nunes

; Westphalen, Sansão da Rocha

; Taniguchi, Helena Hilomi

; Elias, Carlos Roberto

; Motoie, Gabriela

; Gava, Ricardo

; Pereira-Chioccola, Vera Lucia

; Novaes, Christina Terra Gallafrio

; Carvalho, Noêmia Barbosa

; Bocchi, Edimar Alcides

; Cruz, Fátima das Dores da

; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto

; Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki

; Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida

; Ortiz, Paola Andrea

; Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes

; Tolezano, José Eduardo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220125

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi shows an exuberant genetic diversity. Currently, seven phylogenetic lineages, called discrete typing units (DTUs), are recognised: TcI-TcVI and Tcbat. Despite advances in studies on T. cruzi and its populations, there is no consensus regarding its heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to perform molecular characterisation of T. cruzi strains, isolated in the state of São Paulo, to identify the DTUs involved and evaluate their genetic diversity. METHODS T. cruzi strains were isolated from biological samples of chronic chagasic patients, marsupials and triatomines through culture techniques and subjected to molecular characterisation using the fluorescent fragment length barcoding (FFLB) technique. Subsequently, the results were correlated with complementary information to enable better discrimination between the identified DTUs. FINDINGS It was possible to identify TcI in two humans and two triatomines; TcII/VI in 19 humans, two marsupials and one triatomine; and TcIII in one human host, an individual that also presented a result for TcI, which indicated the possibility of a mixed infection. Regarding the strains characterised by the TcII/VI profile, the correlation with complementary information allowed to suggest that, in general, these parasite populations indeed correspond to the TcII genotype. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The TcII/VI profile, associated with domestic cycles and patients with chronic Chagas disease, was the most prevalent among the identified DTUs. Furthermore, the correlation of the study results with complementary information made it possible to suggest that TcII is the predominant lineage of this work.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220125

12.

The Parity Law in Practice: Implementation and direct outcomes
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Teixeira, Ana Lúcia

; Espírito-Santo, Ana

; Santos, Maria Helena

Ex aequo

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dec 2021, N. 44 Pages 111 - 127

Abstract: Pt Fr En | Text: Pt Fr En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Fr | PDF: En

Resumo Portugal adotou em 2006 a Lei da Paridade, que assegura uma representação mínima de cada sexo, não podendo nenhum dos sexos ocupar mais de duas posições consecutivas nas listas eleitorais. O artigo segue a abordagem Gender Equality Policy in Practice (GEPP) e visa aprofundar a compreensão do processo de adoção e implementação da Lei da Paridade em Portugal. Depois de mapear a forma como a lei foi implementada - incluindo uma descrição das ferramentas e instrumentos que foram criados e como se desenrolou na prática - é feita uma avaliação dos efeitos diretos da política, contribuindo para o debate sobre os indicadores de sucesso relacionados com as leis de quotas.

Résumé En 2006, le Portugal a adopté la Loi sur la parité, qui garantit une représentation minimum de chaque sexe, ne pouvant aucun des sexes occuper plus de deux positions consécutives dans les listes électorales. Cet article suit l'approche de la Politique de L'égalité de Genre en Pratique (GEPP) et vise à approfondir la compréhension du processus d'adoption et de mise en œuvre de la Loi sur la parité au Portugal. Après avoir décrit la manière dont la loi a été mise en œuvre - y compris une description des outils et instruments crées et de la manière dont elle a été appliquée dans la pratique - une évaluation des effets directs de la politique est réalisée, contribuant pour le débat sur les indicateurs de succès liés aux lois sur les quotas.

Abstract Portugal adopted legislative quotas in 2006, passing the so-called Parity Law which specifies that candidate lists must include a minimum representation for each sex, and neither sex can occupy more than two consecutive positions in the candidate lists. This paper follows the Gender Equality Policy in Practice (GEPP) approach and aims to deepen our understanding of the adoption and implementation process of the Parity Law in Portugal. After mapping how the law was implemented in Portugal - including a description of the tools and instruments that were set up and how the process unfolded in practice - an assessment of the policy’s direct effects is carried out, contributing to the open debate on the indicators of success related to legislative quota laws.

https://doi.org/10.22355/exaequo.2021.44.08 24 downloads

13.

Mortalidad materna en Brasil y Cuba: estudio comparativo
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Esquenazi Borrego, Arelys

; Figueira dos Anjos Oliveira, Edineia

; Tavares Menandro, Leila Marchezi

; Odriozola Guitart, Silvia

; Pérez Soto, Olga

; Teixeira Garcia, Maria Lucia

; Santana Borges, Rodrigo Emmanuel

; Galeano Zaldívar, Laura

Revista Cubana de Salud Pública

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dec 2021, Volume 47 N. 4 elocation e2551

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maternal mortality is a public health problem at the international level. Its behavior is an expression of the comprehensive functioning of health systems, as well as the advancement of women's sexual and reproductive rights. Objective: Compare the maternal mortality indicators of Brazil and Cuba in the period 2005-2017. Methods: The implemented methodology responds to a documentary analysis. The main databases of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System of Brazil, and the statistical yearbooks published by the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba and the National Office of Statistics and Information were used as sources of information. Results: The target on maternal mortality within the Sustainable Development Goals is a requirement currently met by both countries. In Cuba, the figures for the Maternal Mortality Ratio remain at values always lower than those of the country itself in 2005; however, as of 2013 they show an increasing behavior. In Brazil, on the other hand, they are higher than those of Cuba and never decrease in relation to 2005, and present a marked growing trend. Conclusions: The maternal health programs analyzed for Brazil and Cuba show differentiated progress and challenges. The behavior of the indicators analyzed reaffirms the need to intensify actions to reduce maternal deaths in both countries, with more urgency for Brazil.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mortalidad materna constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel internacional. Su comportamiento es expresión del funcionamiento integral de los sistemas de salud, así como, del avance de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres. Objetivo: Comparar los indicadores de mortalidad materna de Brasil y Cuba en el periodo 2005-2017. Métodos: La metodología implementada responde a un análisis de tipo documental. Se utilizaron como fuentes de información las principales bases de datos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil, y los anuarios estadísticos publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y la Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Información. Resultados: La meta sobre mortalidad materna dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable es un requisito actualmente cumplido por los dos países. En Cuba, las cifras de la Razón de Mortalidad Materna se mantienen con valores siempre inferiores a los del propio país en el año 2005; no obstante, a partir de 2013 muestran un comportamiento creciente. En Brasil, por su parte, son superiores a las de Cuba y nunca disminuyen en relación con el año 2005, y presentan una marcada tendencia creciente. Conclusiones: Los programas de salud materna analizados para Brasil y Cuba muestran avances y desafíos diferenciados. El comportamiento de los indicadores analizados reafirma la necesidad de intensificar las acciones para la reducción de los óbitos maternos en los dos países, con más urgencia para Brasil.

14.

[SciELO Preprints] - COVID-Inconfidentes - SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two Brazilian urban areas during the pandemic first wave: study protocol and initial results
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Meireles, Adriana Lucia Lourenção, Luciano Garcia Menezes Junior, Luiz Antônio Alves de Coletro, Hillary Nascimento Justiniano, Irene Carolina Sousa Moura, Samara Silva de Diniz, Amanda Popolino Sabião, Thaís da Silva Rocha, Ana Maria Sampaio Batista, Aline Priscila Lage, Nara Nunes Simões, Bárbara dos Santos Santos, Carolina Ali Mendonça, Raquel de Deus Andrade, Amanda Cristina de Souza Barbosa, Keila Furbino Masioli, Cássio Zumerle Carraro, Júlia Cristina Cardoso Menezes, Mariana Carvalho de Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo Roever, Leonardo Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins

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Publication date: 2021-07-29

Abstract: En

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials & methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P>0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.2720

15.

Avaliação Macroscópica da Aterosclerose nas Artérias: Uma Ferramenta de Avaliação na Autópsia
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Oliveira, Mariana Silva

; Torquato, Bianca Gonçalves Silva

; Soares, Maria Helena

; Monteiro, Maria Luiza Gonçalves dos Reis

; Juliano, Guilherme Ribeiro

; Aguiar, Laura Sanches

; Teixeira, Vicente de Paula Antunes

; Ferraz, Mara Lúcia da Fonseca

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jun 2021, Volume 116 N. 6 Pages 1119 - 1126

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A aterosclerose, em alguns casos, é uma condição assintomática, sendo necessário conhecer o grau de comprometimento arterial provocado pelas placas e sua associação com os fatores de risco. O exame de autópsia permite a compreensão dos processos básicos de doenças, assim como a avaliação e fornecimento de dados sobre a característica macroscópica do acometimento aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar macroscopicamente e padronizar o acometimento aterosclerótico das artérias aorta, carótidas e ilíacas e comparar com a idade, o sexo e a causa de morte. Métodos Foram coletados 53 artérias aorta, 53 artérias carótida direita, 53 artérias carótida esquerda, 53 artérias ilíaca direita e 53 artérias ilíaca esquerda. Para essa avaliação, foi considerada a extensão de estrias lipídicas, de placas ateromatosas, de fibrose e de calcificação, as quais serviram de referência para pontuar a intensidade do acometimento aterosclerótico. Foram observados vários graus da aterosclerose e valores acurados para a classificação discreta, moderada e acentuada. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software GraphPad Prism ® 7.0. As diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas quando “p” foi menor que 5% (p<0,05). Resultados As artérias carótidas apresentaram maior acometimento aterosclerótico em comparação às outras artérias avaliadas (K=15,73, p=0,0004). A ocorrência da aterosclerose se mostrou progressiva e significativa com o decorrer da idade (carótidas: t=6,321; p<0,0001; aortas: U=83,5; p<0,0001; ilíacas: U=306; p<0,0001) e na causa de morte cardiovascular (carótidas: t=5,047; p<0,0001; aortas: U=98,5; p=0,0068; ilíacas: U=467,5; p=0,0012). Conclusão A avaliação macroscópica da aterosclerose trata-se de uma forma inovadora e de baixo custo de avaliação através da visualização direta das placas ateroscleróticas, possibilitando uma associação com fatores de risco como idade avançada e doenças cardiovasculares, fornecendo dados importantes para a prática clínica.

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis, in some cases, is an asymptomatic condition, and it is important to know the degree of arterial impairment caused by plaques and its association with risk factors. Autopsy examination provides understanding of basic disease processes and assessment to data about macroscopic characteristic of atherosclerotic involvement. Objective To macroscopically assess and standardize atherosclerotic involvement of aorta, carotid and iliac arteries and compare with age, gender and causes of death. Methods We collected 53 aortic arteries, 53 right carotid arteries, 53 left carotid arteries, 53 right iliac arteries and 53 left iliac arteries. For this assessment, the extension of fatty streaks, atheromatous plaques, fibrosis and calcification were considered, being the reference to score the degree of atherosclerotic involvement. Many degrees of atherosclerosis and accurate values were observed for mild, moderate and severe classification. For statistical analysis, data were analyzed using the software GraphPad Prism® 7.0. Differences were considered statistically significant if p-value was less than 5% (p <0.05). Results Carotid arteries had greater atherosclerotic involvement compared to the other arteries (K = 15.73, p = 0.0004). Atherosclerosis was progressive and significant with increasing age (carotid arteries: t = 6.321; p <0.0001; aorta: U = 83.5; p <0.0001; iliac: U = 306; p <0.0001) and as cause of cardiovascular death (carotids: t = 5.047; p <0.0001; aorta: U = 98.5; p = 0.0068; iliac: U = 467.5; p = 0.0012). Conclusion Macroscopic assessment of atherosclerosis is an innovative and low-cost way of direct visualization of atherosclerotic plaques, enabling an association with risk factors such as increasing age and cardiovascular diseases, providing important data for clinical practice.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190846 221 downloads

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