ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. Results: Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44–4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12–2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28–2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29–5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83–4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. Conclusion: The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period. Objective Fortaleza Brazil Methods 201 1 3 Ceará 1173 173 1,17 into model OR (OR 95 95%CI. 95CI CI . (95%CI) include data characteristics pregnancyrelated related aspects Results 28 OR=2.55 OR255 2 55 (OR=2.55 1.44–4.51 144451 44 4 51 1.44–4.51) OR=1.51 OR151 (OR=1.51 1.12–2.03 112203 12 03 1.12–2.03) OR=1.74 OR174 74 (OR=1.74 1.28–2.36 128236 36 OR=1.43 OR143 43 (OR=1.43 1.01–2.02 101202 01 02 1.01–2.02) OR=3.64 OR364 64 (OR=3.64 2.29–5.78 229578 29 5 78 2.29–5.78) OR=2.80 OR280 80 (OR=2.80 1.83–4.30 183430 83 30 Conclusion employment period 20 117 17 1,1 9 (95%CI OR=2.5 OR25 (OR=2.5 1.44–4.5 14445 OR=1.5 OR15 (OR=1.5 1.12–2.0 11220 0 OR=1.7 OR17 7 (OR=1.7 1.28–2.3 12823 OR=1.4 OR14 (OR=1.4 1.01–2.0 10120 OR=3.6 OR36 6 (OR=3.6 2.29–5.7 22957 OR=2.8 OR28 8 (OR=2.8 1.83–4.3 18343 11 1, OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 1.44–4. 1444 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 1.12–2. 1122 1.28–2. 1282 1.01–2. 1012 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 2.29–5. 2295 1.83–4. 1834 OR=2 (OR=2 1.44–4 144 OR=1 (OR=1 1.12–2 112 1.28–2 128 1.01–2 101 OR=3 (OR=3 2.29–5 229 1.83–4 183 OR= (OR= 1.44– 14 1.12– 1.28– 1.01– 10 2.29– 22 1.83– 18 1.44 1.12 1.28 1.01 2.29 1.83 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 1.8 1. 2.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao uso de repelente individual por mulheres em idade fértil residentes em área endêmicas para arboviroses em Fortaleza, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte realizada entre 2018 e 2019, com mulheres entre 15 e 39 anos, moradoras em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram 1.173 mulheres, usuárias de quatro unidades primárias de saúde do município. O desfecho foi categorizado em: uso continuado, uso descontinuado e não uso de repelente. Realizada análise de regressão logística multinominal norteada por modelo hierárquico, com apresentação dos respectivos odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). As variáveis independentes incluem: dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, características ambientais e sanitárias, conhecimento sobre o repelente e aspectos comportamentais e relacionados à gravidez. Resultados: Somente 28% das participantes referiram o uso de repelente durante as duas ondas da coorte. Mulheres com escolaridade superior (OR=2,55; IC95% 1,44–4,51); com emprego (OR=1,51; IC95% 1,12–2,03); que receberam orientações por profissionais da saúde (OR=1,74; IC95% 1,28–2,36) e pela mídia (OR=1,43; IC95% 1,01–2,02); que intensificaram os cuidados contra o mosquito na epidemia (OR=3,64; IC95% 2,29–5,78); estavam grávidas entre 2016 e 2019 (OR=2,80; IC95% 1,83–4,30) tiveram as chances aumentadas para uso continuado de repelente. Conclusões: O uso de repelente entre mulheres em idade fértil mostrou-se associado a um maior nível de escolaridade, ao emprego, às orientações sobre repelente fornecidas por profissionais de saúde e pela mídia, às mudanças comportamentais de cuidado contra o mosquito durante a epidemia da Zika e à gravidez quando ocorrida a partir do início do período epidêmico. Objetivo Fortaleza Brasil Métodos 201 1 3 anos Ceará 1173 173 1.17 município hierárquico OR (OR 95 IC95%. IC95 IC . (IC95%) incluem demográficos sanitárias Resultados 28 coorte OR=2,55 OR255 2 55 (OR=2,55 1,44–4,51 144451 44 4 51 1,44–4,51) OR=1,51 OR151 (OR=1,51 1,12–2,03 112203 12 03 1,12–2,03) OR=1,74 OR174 74 (OR=1,74 1,28–2,36 128236 36 OR=1,43 OR143 43 (OR=1,43 1,01–2,02 101202 01 02 1,01–2,02) OR=3,64 OR364 64 (OR=3,64 2,29–5,78 229578 29 5 78 2,29–5,78) OR=2,80 OR280 80 (OR=2,80 1,83–4,30 183430 83 30 Conclusões mostrouse mostrou se epidêmico 20 117 17 1.1 9 IC9 (IC95% OR=2,5 OR25 (OR=2,5 1,44–4,5 14445 OR=1,5 OR15 (OR=1,5 1,12–2,0 11220 0 OR=1,7 OR17 7 (OR=1,7 1,28–2,3 12823 OR=1,4 OR14 (OR=1,4 1,01–2,0 10120 OR=3,6 OR36 6 (OR=3,6 2,29–5,7 22957 OR=2,8 OR28 8 (OR=2,8 1,83–4,3 18343 11 1. (IC95 OR=2, OR2 (OR=2, 1,44–4, 1444 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, 1,12–2, 1122 1,28–2, 1282 1,01–2, 1012 OR=3, OR3 (OR=3, 2,29–5, 2295 1,83–4, 1834 (IC9 OR=2 (OR=2 1,44–4 144 OR=1 (OR=1 1,12–2 112 1,28–2 128 1,01–2 101 OR=3 (OR=3 2,29–5 229 1,83–4 183 (IC OR= (OR= 1,44– 14 1,12– 1,28– 1,01– 10 2,29– 22 1,83– 18 1,44 1,12 1,28 1,01 2,29 1,83 1,4 1,1 1,2 1,0 2,2 1,8 1, 2,

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. Results: Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44–4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12–2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28–2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29–5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83–4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. Conclusion: The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao uso de repelente individual por mulheres em idade fértil residentes em área endêmicas para arboviroses em Fortaleza, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte realizada entre 2018 e 2019, com mulheres entre 15 e 39 anos, moradoras em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram 1.173 mulheres, usuárias de quatro unidades primárias de saúde do município. O desfecho foi categorizado em: uso continuado, uso descontinuado e não uso de repelente. Realizada análise de regressão logística multinominal norteada por modelo hierárquico, com apresentação dos respectivos odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). As variáveis independentes incluem: dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, características ambientais e sanitárias, conhecimento sobre o repelente e aspectos comportamentais e relacionados à gravidez. Resultados: Somente 28% das participantes referiram o uso de repelente durante as duas ondas da coorte. Mulheres com escolaridade superior (OR=2,55; IC95% 1,44–4,51); com emprego (OR=1,51; IC95% 1,12–2,03); que receberam orientações por profissionais da saúde (OR=1,74; IC95% 1,28–2,36) e pela mídia (OR=1,43; IC95% 1,01–2,02); que intensificaram os cuidados contra o mosquito na epidemia (OR=3,64; IC95% 2,29–5,78); estavam grávidas entre 2016 e 2019 (OR=2,80; IC95% 1,83–4,30) tiveram as chances aumentadas para uso continuado de repelente. Conclusões: O uso de repelente entre mulheres em idade fértil mostrou-se associado a um maior nível de escolaridade, ao emprego, às orientações sobre repelente fornecidas por profissionais de saúde e pela mídia, às mudanças comportamentais de cuidado contra o mosquito durante a epidemia da Zika e à gravidez quando ocorrida a partir do início do período epidêmico.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children’s schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. childrens children s state Brazil Populationbased Population based 202 2022 doses, , doses) strata were respectively 502 50 2 50.2 95%CI 95CI CI 95 44.156.2 441562 44.1 56.2 44 1 56 44.1;56.2 16 6 1.6 0.92.7, 0927 0.9 2.7 0 9 7 0.9;2.7) n 1,866, 1866 1,866 866 1,866) 649 64 64.9 56.972.1 569721 56.9 72.1 72 56.9;72.1 10 1.0 0.32.8, 0328 0.3 2.8 3 8 0.3;2.8) 451, 451 451) vaccines coverages disparities 20 5 50. 156 44.156. 44156 441 44. 562 56. 4 44.1;56. 1. 92 0.92.7 092 09 0. 27 2. 0.9;2.7 186 1,86 86 64. 972 56.972. 56972 569 721 72. 56.9;72. 32 0.32.8 032 03 28 0.3;2.8 45 15 44.156 4415 44.1;56 0.92. 0.9;2. 18 1,8 97 56.972 5697 56.9;72 0.32. 0.3;2. 44.15 44.1;5 0.92 0.9;2 1, 56.97 56.9;7 0.32 0.3;2 44.1; 0.9; 56.9; 0.3;

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RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as coberturas e hesitação das vacinas do calendário básico infantil em Belo Horizonte e Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Métodos Inquéritos epidemiológicos de base populacional realizados de 2020 a 2022, para estimar coberturas vacinais por tipo de imunobiológico e esquema completo (doses válidas e aplicadas) segundo estratos socioeconômicos, e os motivos de hesitação vacinal. Resultados A cobertura global com doses válidas e a hesitação vacinal de pelo menos uma vacina foram, respectivamente, de 50,2% (IC95% 44,1;56,2) e 1,6% (IC95% 0,9;2,7), em Belo Horizonte (n = 1.866), e de 64,9% (IC95% 56,9;72,1) e 1,0% (IC95% 0,3;2,8), em Sete Lagoas (n = 451), com diferenças entre os estratos. O receio de reações graves foi o principal motivo de hesitação vacinal. Conclusão Identificou-se coberturas abaixo do preconizado para a maioria das vacinas. A desinformação deve ser combatida, evitando-se a hesitação vacinal. Há necessidade premente de recuperar as coberturas, considerando acesso ao SUS e disparidades socioeconômicas. Gerais 202 2022 aplicadas socioeconômicos foram respectivamente 502 50 2 50,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 44,156,2 441562 44,1 56,2 44 1 56 44,1;56,2 16 6 1,6 0,92,7, 0927 0,9 2,7 , 0 9 7 0,9;2,7) n 1.866, 1866 1.866 866 1.866) 649 64 64,9 56,972,1 569721 56,9 72,1 72 56,9;72,1 10 1,0 0,32,8, 0328 0,3 2,8 3 8 0,3;2,8) 451, 451 451) Identificouse Identificou se combatida evitandose evitando socioeconômicas 20 5 50, IC9 (IC9 156 44,156, 44156 441 44, 562 56, 4 44,1;56, 1, 92 0,92,7 092 09 0, 27 2, 0,9;2,7 186 1.86 86 64, 972 56,972, 56972 569 721 72, 56,9;72, 32 0,32,8 032 03 28 0,3;2,8 45 (IC 15 44,156 4415 44,1;56 0,92, 0,9;2, 18 1.8 97 56,972 5697 56,9;72 0,32, 0,3;2, 44,15 44,1;5 0,92 0,9;2 1. 56,97 56,9;7 0,32 0,3;2 44,1; 0,9; 56,9; 0,3;

ABSTRACT Objective To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. Methods Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. Conclusion There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil. 2 Brazil raceskin skin color 37801 37 801 37,80 201 Survey 95 1 regression 72 7 7.2 95%CI 95CI CI 6.38.2 6382 6.3 8.2 6 3 8 6.3;8.2 234 23 4 23.4 21.725.1 217251 21.7 25.1 21 25 21.7;25.1 taken 75 1.252.45 125245 1.25 2.45 45 1.25;2.45 97 1.572.48 157248 1.57 2.48 57 48 1.57;2.48 respectively 499 49 9 49.9 47.851.9 478519 47.8 51.9 47 51 47.8;51.9 611 61 61.1 59.263.0 592630 59.2 63.0 59 63 0 59.2;63.0 Blackmixed mixed 3780 80 37,8 20 7. 38 6.38. 638 6. 82 8. 6.3;8. 23. 725 21.725. 21725 217 21. 251 25. 21.7;25. 252 1.252.4 12524 125 1.2 245 2.4 1.25;2.4 572 1.572.4 15724 157 1.5 248 1.57;2.4 49. 851 47.851. 47851 478 47. 519 51. 47.8;51. 61. 263 59.263. 59263 592 59. 630 63. 59.2;63. 378 37, 6.38 6.3;8 21.725 2172 21.7;25 1.252. 1252 1. 2. 1.25;2. 1.572. 1572 15 1.57;2. 85 47.851 4785 47.8;51 26 59.263 5926 59.2;63 6.3; 21.72 21.7;2 1.252 1.25;2 1.572 1.57;2 47.85 47.8;5 59.26 59.2;6 21.7; 1.25; 1.57; 47.8; 59.2;

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RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a completude vacinal em tempo oportuno nos primeiros 24 meses de vida no Brasil e os obstáculos para vacinação, testando-se associações com raça/cor da pele materna. Métodos Fez-se coleta de informações sobre os nascidos em 2017 e 2018, constantes no Inquérito Nacional de Cobertura Vacinal. Foram calculados prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% de obstáculos à vacinação e completude vacinal em tempo oportuno aos 5 meses, primeiro e segundo ano, segundo raça/cor da pele materna. Empregou-se regressão logística para análise de associações. Resultados Analisaram-se dados de 37.801 crianças. Do total, 7,2% (IC95% 6,3;8,2) dos responsáveis enfrentaram dificuldades para levar seus filhos para vacinação e 23,4% (IC95% 21,7;25,1) das crianças não foram vacinadas, mesmo sendo levadas. Essas proporções foram 75% (IC95% 1,25;2,45) e 97% (IC95% 1,57;2,48) mais elevadas, respectivamente, entre pretas; e 49,9% (IC95% 47,8;51,9) e 61,1% (IC95% 59,2;63,0) das crianças tiveram atraso em alguma vacina até os 5 meses e o primeiro ano, respectivamente. Tais valores foram maiores entre pardas/pretas. Conclusão Há desigualdades raciais nos obstáculos enfrentados e na vacinação no Brasil. 2 testandose testando se raçacor raça cor materna Fezse Fez 201 2018 Vacinal 95 ano Empregouse Empregou Analisaramse Analisaram 37801 37 801 37.80 total 72 7 7,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 6,38,2 6382 6,3 8,2 6 3 8 6,3;8,2 234 23 4 23,4 21,725,1 217251 21,7 25,1 21 25 1 21,7;25,1 vacinadas levadas 75 1,252,45 125245 1,25 2,45 45 1,25;2,45 97 1,572,48 157248 1,57 2,48 57 48 1,57;2,48 elevadas respectivamente pretas 499 49 9 49,9 47,851,9 478519 47,8 51,9 47 51 47,8;51,9 611 61 61,1 59,263,0 592630 59,2 63,0 59 63 0 59,2;63,0 pardaspretas pardas pardas/pretas 20 3780 80 37.8 7, IC9 (IC9 38 6,38, 638 6, 82 8, 6,3;8, 23, 725 21,725, 21725 217 21, 251 25, 21,7;25, 252 1,252,4 12524 125 1,2 245 2,4 1,25;2,4 572 1,572,4 15724 157 1,5 248 1,57;2,4 49, 851 47,851, 47851 478 47, 519 51, 47,8;51, 61, 263 59,263, 59263 592 59, 630 63, 59,2;63, 378 37. (IC 6,38 6,3;8 21,725 2172 21,7;25 1,252, 1252 12 1, 2, 1,25;2, 1,572, 1572 15 1,57;2, 85 47,851 4785 47,8;51 26 59,263 5926 59,2;63 6,3; 21,72 21,7;2 1,252 1,25;2 1,572 1,57;2 47,85 47,8;5 59,26 59,2;6 21,7; 1,25; 1,57; 47,8; 59,2;

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The risk of death due to tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil is high and strongly related to living conditions (LC). However, epidemiological studies investigating changes in LC and their impact on TB are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of LC on TB mortality in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This ecological study, using panel data on spatial and temporal aggregates, was conducted in 1,614 municipalities between 2002 and 2015. METHODS: Data were collected from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The proxy variable used for LC was the Urban Health Index (UHI). Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the effect of the UHI on TB mortality rate. Attributable risk (AR) was used as an impact measure. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2015, TB mortality rate decreased by 23.5%, and LC improved. The continuous model analysis resulted in an RR = 0.89 (95%CI = 0.82–0.96), so the AR was −12.3%. The categorized model showed an effect of 0.92 (95%CI = 0.83–0.95) in municipalities with intermediate LC and of 0.83 (95%CI = 0.82–0.91) in those with low LC, representing an AR for TB mortality of −8.7% and −20.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Improved LC impacted TB mortality, even when adjusted for other determinants. This impact was greater in the strata of low-LC municipalities. BACKGROUND (TB LC. . (LC) However lacking OBJECTIVES SETTING study aggregates 1614 1 614 1,61 200 2015 METHODS Statistics UHI. (UHI) (AR measure RESULTS 235 23 5 23.5% improved 089 0 89 0.8 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.82–0.96, 082096 0.82–0.96 , 82 96 0.82–0.96) 123 12 3 −12.3% 092 92 0.9 0.83–0.95 083095 83 083 0.82–0.91 082091 91 87 8 7 −8.7 205 20 −20.5% respectively CONCLUSIONS determinants lowLC (LC 161 61 1,6 201 (UHI 2 23.5 08 0. 9 08209 0.82–0.9 −12.3 09 0.83–0.9 08309 −8. −20.5 16 6 1, 23. 0820 0.82–0. −12. 0.83–0. 0830 −8 −20. 082 0.82–0 −12 0.83–0 − −20 0.82– −1 0.83– −2 0.82

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RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a completude vacinal em tempo oportuno nos primeiros 24 meses de vida no Brasil e os obstáculos para vacinação, testando-se associações com raça/cor da pele materna. Métodos Fez-se coleta de informações sobre os nascidos em 2017 e 2018, constantes no Inquérito Nacional de Cobertura Vacinal. Foram calculados prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% de obstáculos à vacinação e completude vacinal em tempo oportuno aos 5 meses, primeiro e segundo ano, segundo raça/cor da pele materna. Empregou-se regressão logística para análise de associações. Resultados Analisaram-se dados de 37.801 crianças. Do total, 7,2% (IC95% 6,3;8,2) dos responsáveis enfrentaram dificuldades para levar seus filhos para vacinação e 23,4% (IC95% 21,7;25,1) das crianças não foram vacinadas, mesmo sendo levadas. Essas proporções foram 75% (IC95% 1,25;2,45) e 97% (IC95% 1,57;2,48) mais elevadas, respectivamente, entre pretas; e 49,9% (IC95% 47,8;51,9) e 61,1% (IC95% 59,2;63,0) das crianças tiveram atraso em alguma vacina até os 5 meses e o primeiro ano, respectivamente. Tais valores foram maiores entre pardas/pretas. Conclusão Há desigualdades raciais nos obstáculos enfrentados e na vacinação no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. Methods Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. Conclusion There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil.

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RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as coberturas e hesitação das vacinas do calendário básico infantil em Belo Horizonte e Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Métodos Inquéritos epidemiológicos de base populacional realizados de 2020 a 2022, para estimar coberturas vacinais por tipo de imunobiológico e esquema completo (doses válidas e aplicadas) segundo estratos socioeconômicos, e os motivos de hesitação vacinal. Resultados A cobertura global com doses válidas e a hesitação vacinal de pelo menos uma vacina foram, respectivamente, de 50,2% (IC95% 44,1;56,2) e 1,6% (IC95% 0,9;2,7), em Belo Horizonte (n = 1.866), e de 64,9% (IC95% 56,9;72,1) e 1,0% (IC95% 0,3;2,8), em Sete Lagoas (n = 451), com diferenças entre os estratos. O receio de reações graves foi o principal motivo de hesitação vacinal. Conclusão Identificou-se coberturas abaixo do preconizado para a maioria das vacinas. A desinformação deve ser combatida, evitando-se a hesitação vacinal. Há necessidade premente de recuperar as coberturas, considerando acesso ao SUS e disparidades socioeconômicas.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children’s schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities.

Abstract Congenital anomalies (CA) are a relevant problem for global public health, affecting about 3% to 6% of newborns worldwide. In Brazil, these are the second main cause of infant mortality. Thus, extensive studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of these anomalies on births and deaths. The present study describes the temporal trends of prevalence and infant mortality due to CA among live births in Brazil and regions, from 2001 to 2018, using the related data between the Live Birth Information System (SINASC, acronym in Portuguese) and the Mortality Information System (SIM, acronym in Portuguese). The prevalence and infant mortality due to CA has increased in Brazil and in most regions, especially in the Northeast and North. CAs in the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent at birth (29.8/10,000 live births), followed by those in the circulatory system (12.7/10,000 live births), which represented the primary cause of death in this group. The applied linkage technique made it possible to correct the national prevalence of CA by 17.9% during the analyzed period, after retrieving the anomalies reported in SIM, thereby proving to be a good tool to improve the quality of information on anomalies in Brazil. (CA health 3 6 worldwide Thus deaths regions 200 2018 SINASC, SINASC (SINASC Portuguese SIM (SIM Portuguese. . North 29.8/10,000 29810000 29 8 10 000 (29.8/10,00 births, , births) 12.7/10,000 12710000 12 7 (12.7/10,00 group 179 17 9 17.9 period 20 201 29.8/10,00 2981000 2 1 00 (29.8/10,0 12.7/10,00 1271000 (12.7/10,0 17. 29.8/10,0 298100 0 (29.8/10, 12.7/10,0 127100 (12.7/10, 29.8/10, 29810 (29.8/10 12.7/10, 12710 (12.7/10 29.8/10 2981 (29.8/1 12.7/10 1271 (12.7/1 29.8/1 298 (29.8/ 12.7/1 127 (12.7/ 29.8/ (29.8 12.7/ (12.7 29.8 (29. 12.7 (12. 29. (29 12. (12 (2 (1 (

Resumo As anomalias congênitas (AC) configuram um relevante problema para a saúde pública global, afetando em média de 3% a 6% dos recém-nascidos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, ocupam a segunda posição entre os principais grupos de causas de óbito infantil. Assim, estudos amplos são necessários para mostrar o impacto das AC na saúde infantil. O presente estudo descreve a tendência temporal da prevalência e da mortalidade infantil por AC entre nascidos vivos (NV) no Brasil e em suas cinco regiões de 2001 a 2018, utilizando dados vinculados entre as bases de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). A prevalência e mortalidade infantil por AC mostrou-se crescente no Brasil na maioria das regiões, principalmente no Norte e no Nordeste. Aquelas do aparelho osteomuscular foram as mais prevalentes ao nascimento (29,8/10.000 NV); as do aparelho circulatório passaram para a segunda posição (12,7/10.000 NV) após a vinculação das bases e representam a primeira causa de morte desse grupo. A técnica de vinculação de dados aplicada corrigiu a prevalência nacional das AC em 17,9% no período analisado, após serem recuperadas as AC notificadas no SIM, mostrando ser uma boa ferramenta para melhorar a qualidade das informações das AC. (AC global 3 6 recémnascidos recém mundo Assim NV (NV 200 2018 SINASC (SINASC SIM. SIM . (SIM) mostrouse mostrou se Nordeste 29,8/10.000 29810000 29 8 10 000 (29,8/10.00 12,7/10.000 12710000 12 7 (12,7/10.00 grupo 179 17 9 17,9 analisado 20 201 (SIM 29,8/10.00 2981000 2 1 00 (29,8/10.0 12,7/10.00 1271000 (12,7/10.0 17, 29,8/10.0 298100 0 (29,8/10. 12,7/10.0 127100 (12,7/10. 29,8/10. 29810 (29,8/10 12,7/10. 12710 (12,7/10 29,8/10 2981 (29,8/1 12,7/10 1271 (12,7/1 29,8/1 298 (29,8/ 12,7/1 127 (12,7/ 29,8/ (29,8 12,7/ (12,7 29,8 (29, 12,7 (12, 29, (29 12, (12 (2 (1 (

ABSTRACT Objective: The national vaccination coverage survey on full vaccination at 12 and 24 months of age was carried out to investigate drops in coverage as of 2016. Methods: A sample of 37,836 live births from the 2017 or 2018 cohorts living in capital cities, the Federal District, and 12 inner cities with 100 thousand inhabitants were followed for the first 24 months through vaccine record cards. Census tracts stratified according to socioeconomic levels had the same number of children included in each stratum. Coverage for each vaccine, full vaccination at 12 and 24 months and number of doses administered, valid and timely, were calculated. Family, maternal and child factors associated with coverage were surveyed. The reasons for not vaccinating analyzed were: medical contraindications, access difficulties, problems with the program, and vaccine hesitancy. Results: Preliminary results showed that less than 1% of children were not vaccinated, full coverage was less than 75% at all capitals and the Federal District, vaccines requiring more than one dose progressively lost coverage, and there were inequalities among socioeconomic strata, favorable to the highest level in some cities and to the lowest in others. Conclusion: There was an actual reduction in full vaccination in all capitals and the Federal District for children born in 2017 and 2018, showing a deteriorating implementation of the National Immunization Program from 2017 to 2019. The survey did not measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have further reduced vaccination coverage. Objective 1 2 2016 Methods 37836 37 836 37,83 201 10 cards stratum administered timely calculated Family surveyed contraindications difficulties program hesitancy Results vaccinated 75 strata others Conclusion 2019 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic 3783 3 83 37,8 20 7 COVID1 COVID- 378 8 37,

RESUMO Objetivo: Inquérito nacional de cobertura vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade foi realizado para investigar as quedas nas coberturas a partir de 2016. Métodos: Amostra de 37.836 nascidos vivos das coortes de 2017 e 2018 residentes nas capitais, Distrito Federal (DF) e 12 cidades com mais de 100 mil habitantes, acompanhados nos primeiros 24 meses por registros nas cadernetas de vacinação. Setores censitários foram estratificados segundo condições socioeconômicas, e o mesmo número de crianças foi incluído para cada estrato. Calcularem-se coberturas vacinais de cada vacina e coberturas completas aos 12 e 24 meses, doses aplicadas, válidas e oportunas. Fatores familiares, maternos e da criança associados à cobertura foram pesquisados. Os motivos para não vacinar analisados foram: contraindicações médicas, dificuldades de acesso, problemas no funcionamento do programa e hesitação vacinal. Resultados: Os resultados preliminares mostram que menos de 1% das crianças não foram vacinadas, as coberturas pelo esquema completo são menores que 75% em todas as capitais e no DF, as vacinas com mais de uma dose perdem cobertura progressivamente, há diferenças entre os estratos socioeconômicos, favoráveis aos estratos mais altos em algumas cidades e aos estratos mais baixos em outras. Conclusão: Houve realmente redução da cobertura vacinal em todas as capitais e no DF para as crianças nascidas em 2017 e 2018, denotando piora na execução do Programa Nacional de Imunizações durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. O inquérito realizado não mensurou os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 que podem ter reduzido ainda mais as coberturas vacinais. Objetivo 1 2 2016 Métodos 37836 37 836 37.83 201 (DF 10 habitantes vacinação socioeconômicas estrato Calcularemse Calcularem se aplicadas oportunas familiares pesquisados médicas acesso Resultados vacinadas 75 progressivamente socioeconômicos outras Conclusão 2019 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 3783 3 83 37.8 20 7 COVID1 COVID- 378 8 37.

Resumo As anomalias congênitas (AC) configuram um relevante problema para a saúde pública global, afetando em média de 3% a 6% dos recém-nascidos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, ocupam a segunda posição entre os principais grupos de causas de óbito infantil. Assim, estudos amplos são necessários para mostrar o impacto das AC na saúde infantil. O presente estudo descreve a tendência temporal da prevalência e da mortalidade infantil por AC entre nascidos vivos (NV) no Brasil e em suas cinco regiões de 2001 a 2018, utilizando dados vinculados entre as bases de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). A prevalência e mortalidade infantil por AC mostrou-se crescente no Brasil na maioria das regiões, principalmente no Norte e no Nordeste. Aquelas do aparelho osteomuscular foram as mais prevalentes ao nascimento (29,8/10.000 NV); as do aparelho circulatório passaram para a segunda posição (12,7/10.000 NV) após a vinculação das bases e representam a primeira causa de morte desse grupo. A técnica de vinculação de dados aplicada corrigiu a prevalência nacional das AC em 17,9% no período analisado, após serem recuperadas as AC notificadas no SIM, mostrando ser uma boa ferramenta para melhorar a qualidade das informações das AC.

Abstract Congenital anomalies (CA) are a relevant problem for global public health, affecting about 3% to 6% of newborns worldwide. In Brazil, these are the second main cause of infant mortality. Thus, extensive studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of these anomalies on births and deaths. The present study describes the temporal trends of prevalence and infant mortality due to CA among live births in Brazil and regions, from 2001 to 2018, using the related data between the Live Birth Information System (SINASC, acronym in Portuguese) and the Mortality Information System (SIM, acronym in Portuguese). The prevalence and infant mortality due to CA has increased in Brazil and in most regions, especially in the Northeast and North. CAs in the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent at birth (29.8/10,000 live births), followed by those in the circulatory system (12.7/10,000 live births), which represented the primary cause of death in this group. The applied linkage technique made it possible to correct the national prevalence of CA by 17.9% during the analyzed period, after retrieving the anomalies reported in SIM, thereby proving to be a good tool to improve the quality of information on anomalies in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Inquérito nacional de cobertura vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade foi realizado para investigar as quedas nas coberturas a partir de 2016. Métodos: Amostra de 37.836 nascidos vivos das coortes de 2017 e 2018 residentes nas capitais, Distrito Federal (DF) e 12 cidades com mais de 100 mil habitantes, acompanhados nos primeiros 24 meses por registros nas cadernetas de vacinação. Setores censitários foram estratificados segundo condições socioeconômicas, e o mesmo número de crianças foi incluído para cada estrato. Calcularem-se coberturas vacinais de cada vacina e coberturas completas aos 12 e 24 meses, doses aplicadas, válidas e oportunas. Fatores familiares, maternos e da criança associados à cobertura foram pesquisados. Os motivos para não vacinar analisados foram: contraindicações médicas, dificuldades de acesso, problemas no funcionamento do programa e hesitação vacinal. Resultados: Os resultados preliminares mostram que menos de 1% das crianças não foram vacinadas, as coberturas pelo esquema completo são menores que 75% em todas as capitais e no DF, as vacinas com mais de uma dose perdem cobertura progressivamente, há diferenças entre os estratos socioeconômicos, favoráveis aos estratos mais altos em algumas cidades e aos estratos mais baixos em outras. Conclusão: Houve realmente redução da cobertura vacinal em todas as capitais e no DF para as crianças nascidas em 2017 e 2018, denotando piora na execução do Programa Nacional de Imunizações durante os anos de 2017 a 2019. O inquérito realizado não mensurou os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 que podem ter reduzido ainda mais as coberturas vacinais.

ABSTRACT Objective: The national vaccination coverage survey on full vaccination at 12 and 24 months of age was carried out to investigate drops in coverage as of 2016. Methods: A sample of 37,836 live births from the 2017 or 2018 cohorts living in capital cities, the Federal District, and 12 inner cities with 100 thousand inhabitants were followed for the first 24 months through vaccine record cards. Census tracts stratified according to socioeconomic levels had the same number of children included in each stratum. Coverage for each vaccine, full vaccination at 12 and 24 months and number of doses administered, valid and timely, were calculated. Family, maternal and child factors associated with coverage were surveyed. The reasons for not vaccinating analyzed were: medical contraindications, access difficulties, problems with the program, and vaccine hesitancy. Results: Preliminary results showed that less than 1% of children were not vaccinated, full coverage was less than 75% at all capitals and the Federal District, vaccines requiring more than one dose progressively lost coverage, and there were inequalities among socioeconomic strata, favorable to the highest level in some cities and to the lowest in others. Conclusion: There was an actual reduction in full vaccination in all capitals and the Federal District for children born in 2017 and 2018, showing a deteriorating implementation of the National Immunization Program from 2017 to 2019. The survey did not measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have further reduced vaccination coverage.

Abstract COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe, with the main ones affecting the respiratory tract, such as pneumonia. In patients with greater severity, the high frequency of bacterial and fungal coinfection stands out, a situation related both to the patient’s pre-existing comorbidities and due to the hospitalization itself. Cases of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 were highlighted in the lay and scientific media, with the increase in mycosis cases being directly and indirectly attributed to the viral infection. This report describes a case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic patient hospitalized for COVID-19, whose diagnosis was confirmed by identifying the agent Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus through culture for fungi and PCR examination.

ABSTRACT The study aims to understand the effects of the disease on the daily lives of children and teenagers affected by leprosy. This was a qualitative research based on the theoretical framework of ‘The Sociology of Erving Goffman’. We interviewed 14 participants individually, nine children and five teenagers, who underwent treatment for leprosy and were cured. A semi-structured interview was used, covering sociodemographic information and guiding questions about the participants’ experiences with the disease, family, social aspects, and perceptions derived from the experiences. The data were analyzed by the sociology of Erving Goffman. The narratives emphasized the effects on daily life related to leprosy discovery, interaction networks, such as family and health professionals, health care, overcoming strategies and expectations. It was verified that the predominant element of the research is anchored in the fear of being discovered and discredited, in the perspective of having their identity of health resignified, by the illness, and by the evidence in view of the participant’s experience due to prejudice, anonymity, and secret. This symbolically suggests that the participants experienced a certain construction of negative social life around leprosy. The illness directly interferes with their daily life and development, especially in the participant’s social relationships. Goffman . Goffman’ 1 individually cured semistructured semi structured used aspects discovery networks professionals care expectations discredited resignified participant s prejudice anonymity secret development relationships

RESUMO O estudo apresenta como objetivo compreender as repercussões da doença na vida cotidiana de crianças e adolescentes acometidos pela hanseníase. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com base no referencial teórico ‘A Sociologia de Erving Goffman’. Foram entrevistados, individualmente, 14 participantes, sendo 9 crianças e 5 adolescentes tratados e curados da hanseníase. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, abrangendo informações sociodemográficas e questões norteadoras sobre a vivência dos participantes com a doença, aspectos familiares, sociais e percepções advindas da experiência. Os dados foram analisados pela sociologia de Erving Goffman. As narrativas enfatizam as repercussões do cotidiano relacionados com a história da descoberta da hanseníase, as redes de interação como família e profissionais de saúde, dos cuidados com a própria saúde, de estratégias de superação e expectativas. Verificou-se que o elemento predominante da pesquisa se ancora no temor de ser descoberto e desacreditado, na perspectiva de ter sua identidade de sadio ressignificada, pelo adoecimento e perante a vivência dos participantes com o preconceito, sigilo e segredo. Conclui-se, de modo simbólico, que os participantes vivenciaram uma construção de vida social negativa em torno da hanseníase. O adoecimento interfere de modo direto no cotidiano e desenvolvimento dos participantes, repercutindo principalmente nas relações sociais. hanseníase Tratase Trata A Goffman . Goffman’ entrevistados individualmente 1 Utilizouse Utilizou semiestruturada familiares experiência saúde expectativas Verificouse Verificou desacreditado ressignificada preconceito segredo Concluise, Concluise Conclui se, Conclui-se simbólico

Abstract Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign lesion of unknown etiology, with a rough or papillary aspect, painless, sessile, well-defined, most lesions do not exceed 2 cm in their largest diameter, the degree of keratinization of the surface influences color, varying white to red, affecting mainly the gingiva and alveolar mucosa, and can also be seen in skin and genital. Herein, we present a report a clinical case of oral verruciform xanthoma in the buccal mucosa associated with the lichen planus lesion, as well as the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion. The clinical diagnostic hypothesis of oral lichen planus of the white reticular lesions on the buccal mucosa and on the tongue was confirmed by histopathology before a subepithelial connective tissue exhibiting intense inflammatory infiltrate in a predominantly lymphocytic band. In contrast, the hypothesis of the verrucous lesion in the left buccal mucosa was leukoplakia, with histopathological evidence showing exophytic and digitiform proliferations with parakeratin plugs between the papillary projections. Subepithelial connective tissue was characterized by macrophages with foamy cytoplasm (xanthoma cells). An immunohistochemical examination was performed, showing positivity for CD68, a macrophage marker, in addition to testing by Schiff's periodic acid (PAS) with diastasis, which was detected the presence of lipids inside these macrophages. The patient is free of recurrences of verruciform xanthoma and is being monitored due to the presence of lesions of oral lichen planus.

RESUMO O estudo apresenta como objetivo compreender as repercussões da doença na vida cotidiana de crianças e adolescentes acometidos pela hanseníase. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com base no referencial teórico ‘A Sociologia de Erving Goffman’. Foram entrevistados, individualmente, 14 participantes, sendo 9 crianças e 5 adolescentes tratados e curados da hanseníase. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, abrangendo informações sociodemográficas e questões norteadoras sobre a vivência dos participantes com a doença, aspectos familiares, sociais e percepções advindas da experiência. Os dados foram analisados pela sociologia de Erving Goffman. As narrativas enfatizam as repercussões do cotidiano relacionados com a história da descoberta da hanseníase, as redes de interação como família e profissionais de saúde, dos cuidados com a própria saúde, de estratégias de superação e expectativas. Verificou-se que o elemento predominante da pesquisa se ancora no temor de ser descoberto e desacreditado, na perspectiva de ter sua identidade de sadio ressignificada, pelo adoecimento e perante a vivência dos participantes com o preconceito, sigilo e segredo. Conclui-se, de modo simbólico, que os participantes vivenciaram uma construção de vida social negativa em torno da hanseníase. O adoecimento interfere de modo direto no cotidiano e desenvolvimento dos participantes, repercutindo principalmente nas relações sociais.

ABSTRACT The study aims to understand the effects of the disease on the daily lives of children and teenagers affected by leprosy. This was a qualitative research based on the theoretical framework of ‘The Sociology of Erving Goffman’. We interviewed 14 participants individually, nine children and five teenagers, who underwent treatment for leprosy and were cured. A semi-structured interview was used, covering sociodemographic information and guiding questions about the participants’ experiences with the disease, family, social aspects, and perceptions derived from the experiences. The data were analyzed by the sociology of Erving Goffman. The narratives emphasized the effects on daily life related to leprosy discovery, interaction networks, such as family and health professionals, health care, overcoming strategies and expectations. It was verified that the predominant element of the research is anchored in the fear of being discovered and discredited, in the perspective of having their identity of health resignified, by the illness, and by the evidence in view of the participant’s experience due to prejudice, anonymity, and secret. This symbolically suggests that the participants experienced a certain construction of negative social life around leprosy. The illness directly interferes with their daily life and development, especially in the participant’s social relationships.