Resumo A informação de referência hematológica e bioquímica do sangue é importante para estabelecer o estado fisiológico das populações de arraias de água doce e melhorar os protocolos de cuidado e manejo em ambientes artificiais. Aqui, usamos uma espécie comercial de arraia de água doce com elevadas taxas de mortalidade no mercado (Potamotrygon magdalenae) como espécie exemplo para compreender de que modo os ambientes artificiais e os protocolos de manipulação influenciam o estado fisiológico das arraias de água doce em cativeiro. Para este fim, foi coletado sangue de cinco machos adultos e seis fêmeas adultas para realizar contagens completas de células sanguíneas e análises bioquímicas de sangue. Todos os animais amostrados mostraram boa condição corpórea, sem diferenças entre os sexos. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas só na contagem diferencial de linfócitos. Os resultados de células sanguíneas vermelhas foram consistentes com potamotrigonídeos previamente estudados, enquanto o leucograma revelou valores mais elevados de leucócitos, trombócitos, heterófilos e linfócitos em P. magdalenae, em comparação com outros potamotrigonídeos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Todos os tipos de leucócitos descritos para elasmobrânquios foram encontrados, exceto para neutrófilos e basófilos. Os metabólitos do sangue mostraram influência da dieta ex situ nas proteínas totais, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos do que os registrados para outras espécies de arraias de água doce. Os resultados da glicose foram consistentes, enquanto a ureia mostrou níveis mais baixos em P. magdalenae. Estes resultados enfatizam a importância da análise física, fisiológica e de saúde em arraias de água doce como parte da avaliação do bem-estar para melhorar os protocolos de monitoramento e as taxas de sobrevivência em aquários públicos ou privados.

Abstract Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.

Abstract For human/SARS-CoV-2 interactome genes ACE2, TMPRSS2 and BSG, there is a convincing evidence of association in Asians with influenza-induced SARS for TMPRSS2-rs2070788, tag-SNP of the eQTL rs383510. This case illustrates the importance of population genetics and of sequencing data in the design of genetic association studies in different human populations: the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) between rs2070788 and rs383510 is Asian-specific. Leveraging on a combination of genotyping and sequencing data for Native Americans (neglected in genetic studies), we show that while their frequencies of the Asian tag-SNP rs2070788 is, surprisingly, the highest worldwide, it is not in LD with the eQTL rs383510, that therefore, should be directly genotyped in genetic association studies of SARS in populations with Native American ancestry.

Se determinó la cinética fermentativa in vitro de mezclas de forrajes empleados en sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos (SSPi), utilizando siete tratamientos con proporciones distintas de los pastos Cynodon plectostachyus (TTO1) y Megathyrsus maximus (TTO2), así como de las forrajeras Leucaena leucocephala (TTO3) y Guazuma ulmifolia (TTO4). Mediante la técnica de producción de gas in Vitro, se evaluó la degradabilidad, cinética de degradación y fermentación de la materia orgánica, el volumen final de producción de gas, entre otros indicadores. Se observó una menor producción acumulada de gas (144,7ml) en TTO3, mientras que TTO6, presentó la mayor producción (340,23ml). El tiempo de colonización fue mayor en TTO4 (10,31 horas). Tanto TTO5 (L. leucocephala 20%, C. plectostachyus 30%; M. maximus 50%) como TTO6 (G. ulmifolia 20%, C. plectostachyus 30%; M. maximus 50%), presentaron los mayores porcentajes de degradación (73,90 y 65,51) sin diferencia entre ellos. A las 96 horas de incubación el mayor valor de degradación lo presentó TTO1 (61,5%) y el menor valor fue para TTO3 (45,6%). El modelo estimó que la fracción soluble fue mayor en los tratamientos TTO3 y TTO7 (G. ulmifolia 20%, L. leucocephala 20%, C. plectostachyus 20%; M. maximus 40%), respectivamente 23,8% y 26,3%; TTO6 presentó el valor más alto de la fracción degradable (56,4%) mientras que TTO3 fue el de menor valor (24,0%). La fracción indigestible más baja fue para TTO5 (19,4%). Estos resultados sugieren que al ser mezclados dentro de la dieta, los forrajes usados típicamente en SSPI tienen efectos asociativos que modifi can el perfi l fermentativo.

The in vitro fermentation kinetics of forage mixtures used in intensive silvopastoral systems (SSPI) was determined, using seven treatments with different proportions of the grasses Cynodon plectostachyus (TTO1) and Megathyrsus maximus (TTO2), as well as the forage legumes Leucaena leucocephala (TTO3) and Guazuma ulmifolia (TTO4). The organic matter degradation, the total cumulative gases production, the fermentation and degradation kinetics of organic matter and some other indicators was determided through the in vitro gas production technique. The TTO3 cumulative gas production was smallest (144,7mL) while TTO6 had the greatest (340,23 mL). Colonization time was higher in TTO4 (10,31 horas). TTO5 (L. leucocephala 20%, C. plectostachyus 30%; M. maximus 50%) and TTO6 (G. ulmifolia 20%, C. plectostachyus 30%; M. maximus 50%), had the highest percentages of degradation (73,90 y 65,51) without difference between them. After 96 hours, the greatest organic matter degradation was observed in TTO1 (61,5%) and the lowest in TTO3 (45,6%). It was estimated that the soluble fraction was higher in TTO3 and TTO7 (G. ulmifolia 20%, L. leucocephala 20%, C. plectostachyus 20%; M. maximus 40%), 23,8% and 26,3% respectively; the degradable fraction was the greatest in TTO6 (56,4%) than TTO3 with the lowest (24,0%). The indigestible degradable fraction was lower for TTO5 (19,4%). These results suggest that forages typically used in SSPI when mixed into the diet, have associative effects that modify their fermentation profile.

Objective: We present our initial experience with the Perigee system for anterior vaginal wall prolepses repair. Material and method: 15 patients with anterior vaginal wall prolapse (mean age: 62 years old) underwent implanted with Perigee system which is composed by a mesh for correcting central defect and four self-attached horns for correcting lateral defect. The implanted procedure consist of four steps: 1) lateral vaginal wall dissection as far as isquiopubic branch; 2) performance of two upper marks at genitofemoral foldy and two lower marks at 2 cm laterally and 3 cm lower; 3) insertion of the upper needles parallel to the isquiopubic branch and connection with the mesh’s "arms" plus insertion of the lower needles vertically and connection with mesh’s "legs"; 4) to adjust the mesh free tension. The system POP-Q was used as an objective measure of correction rate. Results: Preoperatively, the point Aa was 0.09. After 6 weeks and three months postoperatively was -3.00 and -2.73 respectively. Preoperatively, the point Ba was 1.73. After 6 weeks and three months postoperatively was -2.82 and -2.82 respectively. No major complications were presented. No vascular damage or significant bleeding was observed. Conclusion: The transobturator correction of cystocele is and attractive alternative. The initial good outcome may be expected to be long lasting.

Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con el sistema Perigee para la corrección de prolapsos de pared anterior vaginal. Material y método: 15 pacientes con prolapso de la pared anterior de la vagina (edad media: 62 años) fueron intervenidas con el sistema Perigee compuesto de una tela para la corrección del defecto central y cuatro astas autofijables para la corrección del defecto lateral. La técnica de implante consta de cuatro pasos: 1) disección lateral vaginal hasta rama isquiopúbica; 2) realización de dos marcas superiores en el pliegue genito-femoral y dos inferiores a 2 cm lateralmente y 3 cm inferiormente en relación a las primeras; 3) introducción agujas superiores paralelas a la rama isquiopúbica y conexión con los "brazos" del injerto e introducción de agujas inferiores verticalmente con conexión a las "piernas" del injerto; 4) ajuste sin tensión de la malla. La tasa de curación fue medida objetivamente utilizando el sistema POP-Q. Resultados: El punto Aa preoperatorio paso de 0.09 a -3.00 a las 6 semanas del postoperatorio y se mantuvo en -2.73 a los tres meses. El punto Ba preoperatorio era de 1.73 y paso a -2.82 a las 6 semanas y se mantuvo en -2.82 a los 3 meses. Las complicaciones no fueron significativas. No se produjeron daños vasculares ni sangrados significativos. Conclusiones: La corrección transobturadora de los cistoceles es una opción atrayente. Los buenos resultados iniciales prometen ser duraderos.