RESUMO: O cultivo de milho RR® precedendo a soja, principalmente no sistema de semeadura direta, favorece a maior ocorrência de plantas voluntárias de milho RR®, interferindo em lavouras de soja. Plantas voluntárias de milho são originadas a partir de sementes perdidas na colheita ou não colhidas do campo, sendo estas, sementes individuais, que originam plantas individuais, ou várias sementes aderidas a segmentos da ráquis, que dão origem às touceiras. Milho voluntário na forma de touceiras predomina em lavouras de soja, porém poucas informações sobre seu efeito sobre a soja estão disponíveis na literatura. Durante dois anos foram realizados três experimentos em campo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito das interferências de populações de milho voluntário RR® F2 oriundas de sementes individuais e de touceiras (sete plantas de milho emergidas no mesmo ponto) sobre os componentes do rendimento e o rendimento de grãos da soja. Os resultados demonstram que as perdas nos componentes do rendimento e no rendimento de grãos da soja são influenciadas pela população e origem do milho voluntário. Touceiras de milho causaram perdas superiores a 90% para populações acima de quatro touceiras m-2, enquanto a perda máxima média observada para plantas individuais foi de 83% nas maiores populações estudadas. O rendimento de grãos da soja reduziu de forma expressiva quando em competição com populações inferiores a uma planta ou touceira m-2, sendo de 16% e 46% na população de 0,5 planta individual e touceira m-2, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: The cultivation of GR® maize prior to soybean, mainly in the no-tillage system favors the higher occurrence of GR® volunteer corn interfering in soybean crops. Volunteer corn originate from seeds that were lost during harvest or from non-harvested seeds from the field; these are individual seeds, originating individual plants, or several seeds adhered to segments of the rachis, which originate clumps. Volunteer corn in the form of clumps predominates in soybean crops, but little information about its effect on soybean is available in the literature. During two years, three experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluate the impact of the interference of GR® F2 generation volunteer corn populations coming from individual and clump seeds (seven corn plants emerged at the same point) over soybean yield components and grain yield. The results show that losses in soybean yield components and grain yield are influenced by the population and origin of volunteer corn. Clumps cause losses over 90% for populations above four clumps m-2, while the mean maximum loss observed for individual plants was 83% in the largest studied populations. Soybean yield decreased significantly when competing with populations below one plant or clump m-2, being 16% and 46% in the population of 0.5 individual plant and clump m-2, respectively.

The aim of this work was the study on the separation of soybean oil/n-butane mixtures using a commercial hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane (50 kDa). Oil/n-butane mixtures with mass ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 (wt), with the feed pressures of 5, 7 and 10 bar and transmembrane pressure of 1 bar were studied. Rejections of oil between 21 to 97.2%, oil fluxes between 0.04 and 0.98 kg/m² h and n-butane fluxes between 4 and 46 kg/m² h were observed, strongly influenced by the feed concentration. The increase in oil/n-butane mass ratio caused an increase in oil rejection and a decrease in the permeate flux of oil for most assays. The increase in the operating pressure caused an increase in oil flux and a consequent decrease in oil rejection. No degradation was observed in the membrane module during the operation with this non-aqueous feed stream, as confirmed by integrity tests.

In this work, the separation of refined soybean oil/n-hexane mixtures was investigated using a commercial hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane 50 kDa. Three alcohols with different chain lengths were tested for the conditioning of the membrane; n-propyl alcohol showed the highest n-hexane permeate flux after conditioning. There was a decrease in the rejection and an increase in permeate flux over time. This behavior may be related to swelling and membrane plasticization by the oil. Rejections from 10.0 to 28.7% and total permeate fluxes from 12.2 to 65.3 kg/m²h were observed. An increase in the oil/n-hexane mass ratio and the pressure caused an increase in the rejection and permeate total flux for most assays. No degradation was observed in the membrane module.

A 21-year old woman presented with a 2-month history of abdominal pain. The diagnostic work-up disclosed a 17-cm intraperitoneal mass. Biopsy showed islets containing small round cells surrounded by abundant desmoplastic stroma. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for desmin and weakly positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase. Pathological diagnosis was intraabdominal round cell desmoplastic tumor. The patient underwent an intensive schedule of high-dose alkylator-based chemotherapy, the P6 protocol, designed by the Pediatrics Division of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. She had a partial response and subsequently underwent resection of the residual mass followed by high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support. Ten months later, the patient had disease progression and is currently receiving second-line chemotherapy.

Una mujer de 21 años consultó por dolor abdominal de dos meses de evolución. El estudio que se le practicó puso de manifiesto la existencia de una masa intraperitoneal de 17 cm. La biopsia demostraba la existencia de islotes de células pequeñas y redondas, rodeadas de abundante estroma desmoplásico. La inmunohistoquímica fue fuertemente positiva para desmina y débilmente positiva para vimentina y enolasa neuronal específica. Con estos hallazgos el diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de tumor desmoplásico de célula pequeña intraabdominal. La paciente inició tratamiento con un esquema intensivo de altas dosis de quimioterapia basada en agentes alquilantes, de acuerdo con el Servicio de Pediatría del Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, denominado protocolo P61. Tras el mismo presentó respuesta parcial siendo sometida a cirugía de las masa residuales y a continuación a quimioterapia de altas dosis con trasplante autólogo de médula ósea. Diez meses después la paciente presentó progresión de la enfermedad por lo que está recibiendo un asegunda línea de quimioterapia.

PURPOSE: An observational and retrospective study was performed in order to evaluate the activity and toxicity of transdermal fentanyl in patients with advanced cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 112 patients treated by a home palliative care unit were studied. The characteristics of patients, analgesic treatments, and opioid rotation were analysed from the beginning of fentanyl administration to the death. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients (p) was 71.5 years (range, 29-88). The indication for opioid administration was pain in 102 and dyspnea in 10 patients. The type of pain was visceral in 56 p (55%), bony in 25 p (25%), neuropatic in 13 p (12.8%), muscular in 5 p (5%), and others in 3 p (2.1%). The baseline mean value of the pain analogical visual scale (AVS) was 5.9. The analgesics administered before fentanyl was given were tramadol (32.2%), NSAIDs (31%), morphine (31%) and codeine (5.6%). The median initial dose of fentanyl was 50 µg (range, 25-300). The final mean dose at the time of death was 75 µg (25-400). The final mean AVS was 3.3. The median treatment duration was 44 days (range, 1 to 372). It caused G2-3 nausea in 35 p (31%), somnolence in 13 p, and agitation in 5 p; 81 patients received laxatives. Opioid rotation with morphine was necessary in 10 p because of toxicity, and in 6 p because uncontrolled pain. CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal fentanyl is a well tolerated analgesic in patients with advanced cancer, providing a good analgesia in up to 91% of the patients previously treated with opioids, as well as of the patients proceeding directly from the first or second step of the WHO ladder.

PROPÓSITO: Se ha realizado un estudio observacional y retrospectivo para evaluar el modo de utilización y los efectos secundarios de fentanilo transdérmico (FTTS) en pacientes oncológicos en situación terminal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han evaluado estadísticamente pacientes incluidos en un programa de Atención Domiciliaria que recibieron tratamiento con FTTS. RESULTADOS: 112 pacientes (p) recibieron tratamiento con FTTS. Mediana de edad de 71.5 años (29-88). 102p presentaban dolor y 10 disnea. Tipo de dolor: visceral 55% p, óseo 25% p, neuropático 12.5%, muscular 5% p y otro 2.5% p. EVA inicial: media 5.9. La analgesia previa a la utilización de fentanilo fue: 31% p AINES, 32.2% p tramadol, 5.6% p codeína y 31% p morfina. La dosis mediana inicial de fentanilo fue 50mgr/hora (25-300). La dosis mediana final fue 75 mgr/hora (25-400). EVA final media: 3,3. La mediana de la duración del tratamiento fue de 44 días (1-372). 35 p (31%) presentaron náuseas G2-3, somnolencia 5 p, agitación y/o delirio 13 p. 81 p (72%) precisaron laxantes. En 10 p fue necesario rotar a otro opioide: 4 p por toxicidad y 6 p por mal control del dolor. CONCLUSIONES: El FTTS es un analgésico bien tolerado en pacientes terminales y proporciona una anal-gesia adecuada (91%), a un bajo coste en cuanto a yatrogenia intolerable (4%), tanto con paso previo con opioides como directamente desde primer escalón analgésico OMS.