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BACKGROUND: There is a shortage of data on the accuracy of statistical methods for the prediction of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) haplotypes in the mixed ancestry population of the Western Cape. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the NAT2 haplotypes and assess the accuracy of PHASE version 2.1.1 in assigning NAT2 haplotypes to a mixed ancestry population from the Western Cape. METHODS: This study was conducted between 2013 and 2016. The NAT2 gene was amplified and sequenced from the DNA of 100 self-identified mixed ancestry participants. Haplotyping was performed by molecular and computational techniques. Agreement was assessed between the two techniques. RESULTS: Haplotypes were assigned to 93 samples, of which 67 (72%) were ambiguous. Haplotype prediction by PHASE demonstrated 94.6% agreement (kappa 0.94, p < 0.001) with those assigned using molecular techniques. Five haplotype combinations (from 10 chromosomes) were incorrectly predicted, four of which were flagged as uncertain by the PHASE software. Only one resulted in the assignment of an incorrect acetylation phenotype (intermediate to slow), although the software flagged this for further analysis. The most common haplotypes were NAT2*4 (28%) followed by NAT2*5B (27.4%), NAT2*6A (21.5%) and NAT2*12A (7.5%). Four rare single nucleotide variants (c.589C>T, c.622T>C, c.809T>C and c.387C>T) were detected CONCLUSION: PHASE accurately predicted the phenotype in 92 of 93 samples (99%) from genotypic data in our mixed ancestry sample population, and is therefore a suitable alternative to molecular methods to individualise isoniazid therapy in this high burden tuberculosis setting.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.988 60 downloads

The rhizobiome of herbaceous plants in Clovelly and Sterkspruit soils of the Stevenson-Hamilton supersite
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Vermeulen, Marcele

; Cason, Errol D.

; Swart, Wijnand J.

Koedoe

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2020, Volume 62 N. 2 Pages 1 - 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

By attracting microorganisms from the surrounding soil via root exudates, the composition of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of plants is regulated and maintained according to the genotype of the plant and its abiotic soil environment. This project investigated the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome (i.e. rhizobiome) of the three most common herbaceous plants (Kyphocarpa angustifolia [Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales], Melhania acuminata [Malvaceae, Malvales] and Sida cordifolia [Malvacae, Malvales]) growing mutually in two different soil types (Clovelly [top] and Sterkspruit [bottom]) with differing abiotic characteristics at a granite catenal supersite in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Two plant species (K. angustifolia and S. cordifolia) occurred at both the top and bottom sites, whilst M. acuminata only occurred at the top site. Ten rhizosphere samples were collected per plant from both the top and bottom sites, comprising a total of 50 samples. Biolog EcoPlates™ were used to assess differences in carbon source utilisation patterns by bacteria in the rhizobiome. For next-generation sequencing analysis, the DNA from four randomly selected rhizosphere soil samples from each plant species, at both the top and bottom sites, was combined to yield two samples from each locality for each species. Targeted metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region (V3 and V4 regions) was used to characterise the rhizobiome. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all rhizobiomes, and unique and shared operational taxonomic units were identified in all the rhizobiomes. Principal component analysis of the Biolog data revealed no disparity between the five rhizobiomes.CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS: The results obtained in this study could play a role in micro-ecological scale conservation and management because microbial diversity in soils plays a vital role in shaping above-ground biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics

https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v62i2.1596 173 downloads

Developing metacognition among young learners by using stories
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van Aswegen, Suzanne

; Swart, Estelle

; Oswald, Marietjie M.

South African Journal of Education

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may 2019, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 1 - 12

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Being aware of our thinking as we perform learning tasks and then using this knowledge to actively self-regulate what we are doing, is commonly known as metacognition. This study investigated the influence of a story-based intervention on the development of metacognition among Intermediate Phase learners engaged in content area learning. Two intact Grade 4 class groups from two public schools in different socio-economic communities in the Western Cape participated in the study. This design-based research (DBR) study comprised of 2 iterative cycles. A pragmatic paradigm underpins the use of multiple data collection methods. This article reports on the pre- and post-intervention data from the second iteration, comparing the 2 groups. Most learners seemed to have improved in terms of metacognition and strategy knowledge on most data collection instruments. The data, however, revealed that learners in both groups struggled to verbalise their thoughts. Low literacy rates influenced both data collection and the outcome of the intervention. From the study, it appears that the story-based intervention could be a feasible and effective learning tool to develop metacognition within the contexts described in this study.

https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39n2a1531 588 downloads

Christian religious leadership and the challenge of sustainable transformational development in post-military Nigeria: Towards a reappraisal
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Agbiji, Obaji M.

; Swart, Ignatius

Koers

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2015, Volume 80 N. 1 Pages 1 - 13

Abstract: En Af | Text: En Af | PDF: En | PDF: Af

This article seeks to make an initial contribution towards a reappraisal of how the Christian religious leadership in Nigeria is beginning to chart a new course in social transformation that has the potential to engender sustainable transformational development in the country. This aim is met by first providing the necessary contextual orientation of how the two broad areas of political governance and economic development present themselves as prevailing major social challenges in present-day post-military Nigeria. This is followed by a discussion of the role of leadership as a primary causal and redeeming factor in meeting the challenge of sustainable transformational development both in Nigeria and African society at large. The authors proceed then towards the main focus of the article, namely to move - on the basis of a literature and empirical exploration -towards a reappraisal of how the Christian religious leadership in present-day Nigeria is beginning to exert itself as an emerging movement for sustainable transformational development through particular institutional arrangements and modes of social engagement. This reappraisal leads the authors to end with a synthesising reflection on what they consider to be not only the most outstanding contribution to date by the Christian religious leadership in present-day Nigeria in advancing a sustainable transformational development agenda, but also the crucial challenges that this leadership still faces in meeting such an agenda.

Hierdie artikel poog om 'n eerste bydrae te maak tot 'n herwaardering van die wyse waarop die Christelike godsdienstige leierskap in Nigerië besig is om 'n nuwe weg te baan in sosiale transformasie wat die potensiaal het om volhoubare transformasionele ontwikkeling in dié land te bewerkstellig. Hierdie doelwit word bereik deur eerstens 'n kontekstuele oriëntering te bied van hoe die twee breë terreine van politieke staatsbestuur en ekonomiese ontwikkeling hulself as heersende sosiale uitdagings in hedendaagse post-militêre Nigerië aanbied. Dit word gevolg deur 'n bespreking van leierskap as 'n primêr oorsaaklike en bevrydende faktor in die realisering van volhoubare transformasionele ontwikkeling beide in Nigerië en die samelewing van Afrika in die breë. Hierna verskuif die bespreking na die sentrale fokus van die artikel, naamlik om op grond van 'n literatuur- en empiriese ondersoek te beweeg na 'n herwaardering van die Christelike godsdienstige leierskap as 'n ontluikende beweging vir volhoubare transformasionele ontwikkeling in hedendaagse Nigerië by wyse van spesifieke institusionele inrigtings en modusse van sosiale betrokkenheid. Hierdie herwaardering lei die skrywers daartoe om af te sluit met 'n samevattende refleksie nie slegs oor wat hul beskou as die mees uitstaande bydrae tot op hede deur die Christelike godsdienstige leierskap in hedendaagse Nigerië in die bevordering van 'n volhoubare transformasionele ontwikkelingsagenda nie, maar ook as die kritieke uitdagings wat dié leierskap steeds in die gesig staar in die voltrekking van sodanige agenda.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ koers.v80i1.2212 6861 downloads

Plant nematodes in South Africa. 12. Checklist of plant nematodes of the protected areas of the Eastern Cape Province
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Marais, Mariette

; Swart, Antoinette

Koedoe

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jan 2014, Volume 56 N. 1 Pages 1 - 3

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Soil-inhabiting nematodes, including plant-parasitic nematodes, are considered to be the most abundant multicellular organisms in the soil, and of particular interest since they are an integral part of the interlocking chain of nutrient conversions. Because of their abundance and relative susceptibility to both physical and chemical changes, these organisms are used as indicator organisms. The National Collection of Nematodes (NCN) consists of a core collection, the Meloidogyne Collection and the Juan Heyns Collection, which are housed at the Plant Protection Research Institute of the Agricultural Research Council in Pretoria. Vast amounts of biodiversity data are contained in NCN, and the digitising of the collection from 2007 to 2014 yielded unpublished locality information, especially datasets of plant nematodes reported from protected areas of the Eastern Cape. Two hundred and thirty plant nematode species belonging to 36 genera were reported from the Eastern Cape. Of these, only 80 were from protected areas, whilst 163 were from uncultivated areas (outside protected areas) and 148 from cultivated areas. Ten species were described from protected areas, namely Criconemoides silvicola, Meloinema silvicola, Ogma tuberculatum, Paralongidorus cebensis, Paralongidorus hanliae, Scutellonema tsitsikamense, Trichodorus vandenbergae, Xiphinema erriae, Xiphinema ornatizulu and Xiphinema simplex. Only M. silvicola, O. tuberculatum, P. cebensis and S. tsitsikamense were not reported from other provinces, suggesting endemism. CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS: The diversity of nematode fauna is not adequately protected as most nematode biodiversity in the Eastern Cape lies outside protected areas, with only 80 of the 230 plant-feeding nematode species in the province being reported from protected areas

https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1220 326 downloads

Historical sources of Christian religious leadership ideology: implications and challenges for social transformation in post-military Nigeria
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Agbiji, Obaji M.

; Swart, Ignatius

Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae

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may 2013, Volume 39 N. 1

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Various sources have influenced and shaped the ideological orientation and outlook of Christian religious leadership in successive epochs in Nigerian history. This orientation and outlook have by and large been sustained in the contemporary post-military dispensation. This article develops a more informed identification of the historical sources that have shaped the leadership ideology of Nigerian Christian leaders. Based on this identification, the discussion reflects critically on the socio-political implications of, and challenges posed by, the various historical influences for achieving positive social transformation in contemporary post-military Nigerian society. The article appreciates the prevailing relevance of particular elements from the leadership ideology and outlook that existed in primordial Nigerian and African society to guide a contemporary Nigerian Christian religious leadership towards a fundamental reorientation. The article closes by challenging especially Nigerian Christian religious leaders to adopt ideas of leadership such as "saviour" and "protector", among other leadership ideas, for ideological reorientation and practical leadership in order to engender an enduring socio-political transformation and service to the people.

2667 downloads

Morphological study of polycrystalline SiGe alloy deposited by vertical LPCVD
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Teixeira, R. C.

; Doi, I.

; Diniz, J. A.

; Swart, J. W.

; Zakia, M. B. P.

Brazilian Journal of Physics

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jun 2006, Volume 36 N. 2a Pages 466 - 469

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

As device dimensions shrink to the deep-submicron scale, new challenges arises from the very small scale used and even poly crystalline silicon (poly-Si) presents problems as gate electrode. The use of SiGe as gate material can present many advantages over the poly-Si, as it leads to a lower boron penetration and gate depletion. In this paper authors present some morphological studies of polycrystalline SiGe thin films deposited in a vertical LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) reactor for using as MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) gate electrode.

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NEW SPECIES OF ARACEAE FROM THE RÍO CENEPA REGION, AMAZONAS DEPARTMENT, PERÚ
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Croat, Thomas B.

; Swart, Anne

; Yates, Emily D.

Rodriguésia

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sep 2005, Volume 56 N. 88 Pages 65 - 126

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Durante a elaboração da flora de Araceae do rio Cenepa e áreas adjacentes, Amazonas, Peru, várias novas espécies foram encontradas e são aqui descritas. São elas: Anthurium apanui Croat, A. atamainii Croat, A. baguense Croat, A. brent-berlinii Croat, A. ceronii Croat, A. chinimense Croat, A. diazii Croat, A. galileanum Croat, A. huampamiense Croat, A. huashikatii Croat, A. kayapii Croat, A. kugkumasii Croat, A. kusuense Croat, A. leveauii Croat, A. lingulare Croat, A. mostaceroi Croat, A. penae Croat, A. quipuscoae Croat, A. rojasiae Croat, A. shinumas Croat, A. tsamajainii Croat, A. tunquii Croat, A. yamayakatense Croat, Dieffenbachia wurdackii Croat, Monstera aureopinnata Croat, M. cenepensis Croat, M. vasquezii Croat, Philodendron ampamii Croat, P. ancuashii Croat, P. barbourii Croat, P. brent-berlinii Croat, P. condorcanquense Croat, P. avenium Croat, P. huashikatii Croat, P. palaciosii Croat, P. reticulatum Croat, P. swartiae Croat, Rhodospatha acosta-solisii Croat, R. brent-berlinii Croat, R. katipas Croat, R. piushaduka Croat, Spathiphyllum barbourii Croat, S. brent-berlinii Croat, S. buntingianum Croat, S. diazii Croat, Stenospermation ancuashii Croat, S. parvum Croat & A. P. Gómez, Xanthosoma baguense Croat.

ABSTRACT New species from the Department of Amazonas in Peru are described as new in preparation for the treatment of the Araceae for the Flora del Cenepa y Areas Adyacentes Amazonas Peru. New species include: Anthurium apanui Croat, A. atamainii Croat, A. baguense Croat, A. brent-berlinii Croat, A. ceronii Croat, A. chinimense Croat, A. diazii Croat, A. galileanum Croat, A. huampamiense Croat, A. huashikatii Croat, A. kayapii Croat, A. kugkumasii Croat, A. kusuense Croat, A. leveauii Croat, A. lingulare Croat, A. mostaceroi Croat, A. penae Croat, A. quipuscoae Croat, A. rojasiae Croat, A. shinumas Croat, A. tsamajainii Croat, A. tunquii Croat, A. yamayakatense Croat, Dieffenbachia wurdackii Croat, Monstera aureopinnata Croat, M. cenepensis Croat, M. vasquezii Croat, Philodendron ampamii Croat, P. ancuashii Croat, P. barbourii Croat, P. brent-berlinii Croat, P. condorcanquense Croat, P. avenium Croat, P. huashikatii Croat, P. palaciosii Croat, P. reticulatum Croat, P. swartiae Croat, Rhodospatha acosta-solisii Croat, R. brent-berlinii Croat, R. katipas Croat, R. piushaduka Croat, Spathiphyllum barbourii Croat, S. brent-berlinii Croat, S. buntingianum Croat, S. diazii Croat, Stenospermation ancuashii Croat, S. parvum Croat & A. P. Gómez, Xanthosoma baguense Croat.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-78602005568808 376 downloads

10.

Combate ao ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 em algodão, com defensivos químicos
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Swart, M.

; Pazini, M.R.

; Ciniglio Neto, F.

; Rangel, R.C.

; Mariconi, F.A.M.

Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz

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1990, Volume 47 N. 2 Pages 273 - 282

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o objetivo de se verificar a ação de vários defensivos agrícolas contra o ácaro rajado do algodão, um campo experimental foi instalado. Os tratamentos e suas quantidades de ingredientes ativos, por hectare, foram: A) testemunha; B) dicofol, 369,6g; C) dicofol, 739,2g; D) propargite, 1.080g; E) silaneofane, 200g; F) bifentrina, 60g; G) abamectina, 7,2g. Resultados ótimos não foram obtidos com nenhum tratamento: todavia, o propargite mostrou resultados relativamente bons após 03, 06 e 12 dias da pulverização e a bifentrina e abamectina somente aos 06 dias.

Performance of some pesticides on the control of the two-spotted spider mite on cotton was evaluated by means of a test carried out in Leme, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The following treatments and quantities of active ingredients per hectare were sprayed: A) check; B) dicofol, 369.6g; C) dicofol, 739.2g; D) propargite, 1080g; E) silaneofane, 200g; F) bifenthrin, 60g; G) abamectin, 7.2g. Six evaluations were made on leaves using stereo microscopes: 02 days before spraying and 03, 06, 12, 16 and 21 days after the application. Results obtained with propargite were relatively good 03, 06 and 12 days after spraying, whereas bifenthrin and abamectin were only effective six days after the application.

2050 downloads

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