RESUMO Introdução Influenciados pelos métodos tradicionais de ensino da educação física, as atividades de ensino do atletismo são exclusivas ao ar livre, o que é muito comum na China, resultando em muitas desvantagens no ensino dessas modalidades por distância, restringindo o desenvolvimento da carreira e exigindo adaptações devido às circunstâncias atuais. Objetivo Proporcionar uma base teórica para melhorar ainda mais o nível de saúde física dos estudantes universitários e embasar as adaptações necessárias ao ensino do atletismo nas faculdades e universidades. Métodos Este documento analisa o estado de saúde física dos estudantes universitários, levanta as razões do seu declínio, e analisa o papel do ensino de atividades na modalidade de atletismo na promoção da saúde física dos estudantes universitários. Resultados A realização de atividades físicas relacionadas ao atletismo promove a saúde física dos estudantes universitários. Conclusão Os esportes atléticos desempenham um papel importante na promoção da saúde dos estudantes universitários, não recebendo os devidos cuidados atualmente, carecendo de maior atenção em sua promoção pelos agentes responsáveis. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Influenced by the traditional teaching methods of physical education, the teaching activities of athletics are exclusive to the outdoor environment, which is very common in China, resulting in many disadvantages in teaching these sports by distance, restricting career development and requiring adaptations due to current circumstances. Objective Provide a theoretical basis to further improve the level of physical health of university students and substantiate the necessary adaptations to the teaching of athletics in colleges and universities. Methods This paper reviews the physical health status of university students, raises the reasons for their decline, and analyzes the role of teaching athletics activities in promoting the physical health of university students. Results The performance of physical activities related to athletics promotes the physical health of university students. Conclusion Athletic sports play an important role in the health promotion of university students, not receiving proper care currently, lacking more attention in its promotion by responsible agents. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Influenciados por los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza de la educación física, las actividades de enseñanza del atletismo son exclusivas en el aire libre, lo que es muy común en China, lo que da lugar a muchos inconvenientes en la enseñanza de estos deportes a distancia, restringiendo el desarrollo de la carrera y requiriendo adaptaciones debido a las circunstancias actuales. Objetivo Proporcionar una base teórica para seguir mejorando el nivel de salud física de los estudiantes universitarios y fundamentar las adaptaciones necesarias para la enseñanza del atletismo en colegios y universidades. Métodos Este trabajo analiza el estado de salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, plantea las razones de su deterioro y analiza el papel de las actividades docentes en la modalidad de atletismo en la promoción de la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados La realización de actividades físicas relacionadas con el atletismo promueve la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Conclusión Los deportes de atletismo juegan un papel importante en la promoción de la salud de los estudiantes universitarios, no recibiendo una atención adecuada en la actualidad, faltando una mayor atención en su promoción por parte de los agentes responsables. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract In this research, a total of 47 samples from five types of fermented soybeans were selected. The physicochemical parameters, biogenic amines (BAs) and bioactive compounds such as isoflavones, total phenolic (TPC) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated. The results showed that the contents of isoflavones ranged from 598.06 mg/kg to 2725.03 mg/kg in all samples and it varied from 598.96 mg/kg to 2241.67 mg/kg in Semen Sojae Preparatum (SSP) which was higher than other types of fermented soybeans. The maximum variation of GABA content was found in Aspergillus-type douchi (AD) samples. The maximum value of TPC in SSP was 4.53 g/kg. For BAs, the indicator of spoilage, 4.26% of fermented soybeans samples may lead to histamine poisoning and 42.55% of samples with total BAs contents exceeding 100 mg/kg may be harmful to human body. It indicated that different types of fermented soybeans had various bioactive compounds and BAs, so different fermented soybeans could be selected according to bioactive substances. This finding could provide comprehensive information of health beneficial compounds and BAs risks of fermented soybeans. It could guide consumers to select healthy, nutritious and safety fermented soybeans.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide, and diabetic nephropathy is the complication. The diabetic nephropathy considerably enhances the oxidative stress, glycation, lipid parameters and inflammatory reaction. Ellipticine has potent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect. Methods: In the current study, our objectives were to thoroughly examine the renal protective effects of ellipticine in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. For the induction of diabetic nephropathy, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was used, and rats were separated into groups and given varying doses of ellipticine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg). The body weight, and renal weight were estimated. The inflammatory cytokines, renal biomarkers, inflammatory antioxidant, and urine parameters were estimated. Results: Result showed that ellipticine considerably enhanced the body weight and reduced the renal tissue weight. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood glucose and altered the lipid parameters. Ellipticine significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of malonaldehyde and boosted the glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: Ellipticine could be a renal protective drug via attenuating the inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced rats.

Abstract Adaptation of photoperiod-sensitive japonica rice varieties from long-day (LD) to short-day (SD) conditions is impeded by their extremely early flowering in response to photoperiod change, but the genetic factor underlying this is still elusive. We detected mutations in Hd1 in Zhenjing2400 through gene mapping and sequencing analysis. Genome resequencing of the varieties Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218 identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the other flowering-related genes Ehd1, SDG725, OsCOL15, DTH2, and DTH7. We constructed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Zhenjing2400 and Jiahe218, and selected homozygous lines with these six genes. We established that photoperiod insensitivity is caused by a defective Hd1 gene. In addition, the effect of Hd1 and Ehd1 on heading date was stronger than that of the other four genes. Measurements of agronomic traits and quality traits in homozygous lines demonstrated the superiority of the hd1 ehd1 genotype for eating quality and photoperiod-insensitive high yield. photoperiodsensitive sensitive longday long day LD (LD shortday short SD (SD change elusive Hd Zhenjing Zhenjing240 analysis Jiahe Jiahe21 SNPs (SNPs floweringrelated related Ehd SDG725 SDG OsCOL15 OsCOL DTH2 DTH DTH7 RILs (RILs addition hd ehd photoperiodinsensitive insensitive yield Zhenjing24 Jiahe2 SDG72 OsCOL1 Zhenjing2 SDG7

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common type of sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans and confers a significantly increased risk for thromboembolic stroke, congestive heart failure and premature death. Aggregating evidence emphasizes the predominant genetic defects underpinning AF and an increasing number of deleterious variations in more than 50 genes have been involved in the pathogenesis of AF. Nevertheless, the genetic basis underlying AF remains incompletely understood. In the current research, by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analysis in a family with autosomal-dominant AF and congenital patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a novel heterozygous variation in the PRRX1 gene encoding a homeobox transcription factor critical for cardiovascular development, NM_022716.4:c.373G>T;p.(Glu125*), was identified to be in co-segregation with AF and PDA in the whole family. The truncating variation was not detected in 306 unrelated healthy individuals employed as controls. Quantitative biological measurements with a reporter gene analysis system revealed that the Glu125*-mutant PRRX1 protein failed to transactivate its downstream target genes SHOX2 and ISL1, two genes that have been causally linked to AF. Conclusively, the present study firstly links PRRX1 loss-of-function variation to AF and PDA, suggesting that AF and PDA share a common abnormal developmental basis in a proportion of cases.

Although metastasis is the major cause of death in cervical cancer, the mechanism of metastasis is still unclear. The mRNA expression and protein level of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) were detected in tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues from in-house samples. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and in vivo metastasis were determined after LTBP1 was knocked down. Then, 13 drugs were screened, and the changes in cell apoptosis and proliferation and tumor metastasis were detected after drug treatment in shRNA cells. In our in-house samples, LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. After LTBP1 knockdown, cell proliferation was increased, and the ability of in vitro migration and in vivo metastasis was enhanced. At the same time, the proportion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in situ increased, the proportion of T cells decreased, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) signaling was activated. After carboplatin treatment, LTBP1 shRNA cell line apoptosis increased, metastasis in vivo was limited, and the proportion of MDSC in situ decreased. LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer, and the inhibition of LTBP1 can improve the malignant degree of the tumor, and this process can be blocked by carboplatin.

ABSTRACT Cabbage is one of the most popular vegetables that is rich in sugars contributing to flavor and consumer acceptance; however, little information is available on the effect of genotypes and growing conditions on sugar accumulation. We assessed the seasonal variation in agronomic characteristics and free sugar content in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) grown under open field conditions. Seventy-five cabbage genotypes were grown in the spring and autumn 2019, and their morphological characteristics and sugar concentrations were evaluated. Six cabbage types produced predominantly round-shaped heads (64 genotypes). Bright green and green were the dominant colors depending on the outer and inner leaves of the cabbage head. The most variable quantitative trait was head weight in both spring (36.9%) and autumn (49.2%). Glucose was the predominant sugar in most genotypes in both seasons. Mean glucose content in spring and autumn was 209.3 and 214.9 mg g-1 with 14.8% and 14.6% variation, respectively. Most genotypes produced higher fructose concentrations in fall than in spring. Sucrose levels showed the highest variation in both spring (36.0%) and autumn (60.5%), followed by fructose and glucose levels. Most agronomic parameters exhibited nonsignificant or negative correlations with sugar content, except the correlation of head height and width with glucose content. Fructose and glucose were positively correlated with total sugar content, while there was nonsignificant correlation with sucrose. Genotypes 160330 and 183701 produced comparably high and stable total sugar content in both seasons and can therefore be used as commercial breeding materials. We revealed a significant effect of genotype and season on cabbage agronomic characteristics and sugar content.

ABSTRACT Lifetime is a main factor restraining the application of low-power Hall thruster. Magnetic shielding configuration is regarded as a promising method to prolong the lifespan of Hall thruster. Aiming to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of magnetic shielding configuration applying on low-power Hall thruster, a 60-mm diameter Hall thruster in partial magnetic shielding configuration was designated. Both the numerical and experimental methods were used to investigate the discharge characteristics of the Hall thruster and help understand the mechanism behind. The maximum anode efficiency was achieved as high as 29.7% with 1.7 mg•s–1 anode mass flow and 320 V discharge voltage. To evaluate the effectiveness of the magnetic shielding used for low-power Hall thruster, a 2000 h lifetime test has been carried out and the results indicate that the erosion rate has been decreased below 0.2 μm•h–1.

Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma nasofaríngeo é um tumor maligno derivado do epitélio de localização anatômica recôndita e sintomas iniciais atípicos; quando diagnosticado, frequentemente invasão e metástases já ocorreram. Isso requer uma melhor compreensão do seu mecanismo de desenvolvimento, identificação dos marcadores diagnósticos e desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de tratamento. Objetivo: Estudar a relação de LMP1 e Cripto-1 no carcinoma nasofaríngeo. Método: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 em espécimes obtidos de pacientes com carcinoma de nasofaringe (n = 42) e pacientes com nasofaringite (n = 22) foi analisada. A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 em células LMP1-negativas e LMP1-positivas (CNE1-LMP1) também foi analisada. Resultados: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 foi significantemente maior na presença de carcinoma nasofaríngeo do que na nasofaringite (p < 0,05). Sua expressão em carcinomas com metástase foi significantemente maior do que em casos sem metástase (p < 0,05), o que se correlacionou com o estadiamento TNM (p < 0,05). Uma alta expressão de Cripto-1 e alta taxa de proliferação foram observadas nas células CNE1-LMP1. Conclusões: A expressão de LMP1 e Cripto-1 é positivamente relacionada com carcinoma nasofaríngeo. Sua coexpressão pode ser atribuída à proliferação e metástase do tumor.

Abstract Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an epithelial-derived malignant tumor which because of its anatomical location and atypical early symptoms, when diagnosed invasion and metastasis often have occurred. This requires a better understanding of the development mechanism, identifying diagnostic markers, and developing new treatment strategies. Objective: To study the relationship of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in specimens obtained from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (n = 42) and nasopharyngitis patients (n = 22) were examined. The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in LMP1-negative and LMP1-positive (CNE1-LMP1) cells were also examined. Results: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in nasopharyngitis (p < 0.05). Their expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with metastasis were significantly higher than that without metastasis (p < 0.05), which was correlated with TNM staging (p < 0.05). High Cripto-1 expression and high proliferation rate were seen in CNE1-LMP1 cells. Conclusions: The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is positively related. Their co-expression might contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty (TPIFU) is one of the most frequently performed technique for single-stage repair in proximal hypospadias. It was reported that the subepithelial urethroplasty would obviously decrease urethrocutaneous fistula (UF) complication after proximal TIP. But in the process of TPIFU, it had not been reported yet. Objective: We reviewed our experience to evaluate and compare the effect of continuous eversion suture (CES) versus continuous inversion subepithelial suture (CIS) on complication rates in the TPIFU. Material and methods: A retrospective review of all patients operated with CES and CIS in our institution between January 2017 and Jun 2017 was performed. Results: A total of 161 patients were enrolled in the research. Patients were followed up for 12~17 months. Total success rate was 73.9% (119/161). No statistically difference was found between the two groups with regard to age of patients (P=0.097), catheter size (P=0.52), time of catheterization (P=0.47), length of neourethra (P=0.20), non-urethral comorbidity (P=0.44) and post-operative infection (P=1.0). The overall postoperative complications had no statistically difference between the two groups (P=0.067). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of urethra-cutaneous fistula (UF) (OR=0.07, 95% CI: -0.24~0.037, P=0.22), urethral diverticulum (UD) (OR=0.026, 95% CI: -0.16~-0.056, P=0.323), urethral stricture (US) (OR=0.081, 95% CI: -0.15~0.15, P=1.0) and breakdown of urethral repair (BU) (OR=0.02, 95% CI: -0.118~-0.044, P=1.0). Discussion: The comparison of two group’s postoperative complications was feasible because there were no statistically differences among perioperative variables. It seemed as if continuous inversion subepithelial suture would promote healing. However, it indicated that the overall success rate and the incidences of UF, UD, US and BU complications had no statistically difference between groups. It might be accounted for the subtle differences of techniques changing the process of establishing prime and side branches vascularization. Conclusions: The CIS technique had no significantly different effect on the four complications rates when compared with CES in TPIFU. Thus, CES and CIS could be randomly adopted in TPIFU as personal preference.

SUMMARY: In Southern Medical University, China, 1,200 medical students study neuroanatomy every year, whereas in Ajou University, Korea, only 45 medical students study neuroanatomy. The considerable difference of student numbers results in differences in educational situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate desirable neuroanatomy education methods for large and small numbers of students. The situations of neuroanatomy education in China and Korea were compared systematically. With a questionnaire survey, positive comments and recommendations for their counterparts were collected from the medical students (168 Chinese and 41 Koreans) and anatomists (6 Chinese and 3 Koreans). By reviewing the opinions, the Chinese and Korean anatomists could learn from each other to improve their strong points and make up for the weak points. The results also disclosed the common problems of neuroanatomy education, which could be relieved by developing the fitting book and the self-learning tools, such as lecture videos and stereoscopic computer models.

RESUMEN: En la Universidad de Medicina del Sur, China, 1.200 estudiantes de medicina estudian la neuroanatomía cada año, mientras que en la Universidad de Ajou, Corea, solo 45 estudiantes de medicina estudian neuroanatomía. Esta considerable variable del número de estudiantes resulta en diferencias en las situaciones educativas. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar métodos de educación en neuroanatomía deseables para cantidades mayores y menores de estudiantes. Se compararon sistemáticamente las situaciones de educación en neuroanatomía en China y Corea. Por medio de una encuesta por cuestionario, se obtuvieron comentarios positivos y recomendaciones para sus contrapartes de los estudiantes de medicina (168 chinos y 41 coreanos) y anatomistas (6 chinos y 3 coreanos). Al revisar las opiniones, los anatomistas chinos y coreanos podrían aprender unos de otros para mejorar sus puntos de fortaleza y compensar los aspectos débiles. Los resultados también revelaron los problemas comunes de la educación en neuroanatomía, que podrían aliviarse desarrollando el libro de adaptación y las herramientas de autoaprendizaje, como videos de conferencias y modelos de computadora estereoscópica.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo do nosso estudo foi confirmar a relação entre o exercício de baixa intensidade e o estado de saúde física e mental entre estudantes universitários na China. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com base na escola foi realizado neste estudo. O estado de saúde física e mental foi medido recorrendo-se a questionários gerais de saúde (GHQ12); exercícios de baixa intensidade foram coletados por questionários de autorrelato. RESULTADOS Os resultados revelaram que a pontuação do GHQ12 foi inversamente associada com maior frequência de exercícios de baixa intensidade (r=–0,38, p=0,001). CONCLUSÕES Nosso estudo sugeriu que o exercício de baixa intensidade pode ser um meio adequado para melhorar o estado físico e mental dos estudantes universitários. O departamento relacionado à escola deve tomar alguma medida para forçar os alunos a participar da atividade física.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to confirm the relationship between low-intensity exercise and physical and mental health status among college students in China. METHODS This was a school-based cross-sectional study. The physical and mental health status was measured using a 12-item general health questionnaire(GHQ12) and low-intensity exercise was recorded by a self-reporting questionnaire. RESULTS The results revealed that the score of the GHQ12 was inversely associated with a higher frequency of low-intensity exercise (r=-0.38,p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that low-intensity exercise may be a proper mean for improving the physical and mental health status of college students. School departments should take measures to push students to take part in physical activity.

Abstract Knowledge graphs represent information in the form of entities and relation-ships between them. A knowledge graph consists of multi-relational data, having entities as nodes and relations as edges. The relation indicates a relationship between these two entities. Relation extraction is the key step to construct a knowledge graph. Conventional relation extraction methods usually need large scale labeled samples for each website. It's difficult to deal with the large number of relations and the various representations of each relation. This paper proposed a novel semi-automatic method that builds knowledge graph by extracting relation patterns and finding new relations. The proposed method models the relation pattern as a tag sequence and learns the pattern similarity metric using the existing relation instances. The pattern similarity is adopted to extract new patterns for existing relations. The new relations are detected by using the pattern similarity and clustering technique. The experimental results on large scale web pages show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Droplet atomization characteristics and its morphology in twin-wire arc sprayed (TWAS) Ni-Al were explored in depth. Both numerical model and theoretical method were built for calculating the process of the droplet deformation and breakup in air flow, which based on the standard k-ε model and the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow model. The atomization characteristics of double droplets and three droplets were also studied in the atomization process by simulation. The micro structure and the morphology of the composite coatings were analyzed by SEM and TEM. The experimental results indicate that TWAS droplets are the process of explosive breakup or two steps breakup. Morphology of the TWAS prepared Ni-20wt.%Al and Ni-5wt.%Al particles was accordingly characterized by SEM. The phase compositions of the Ni-Al particles were obtained by EDS. By testing the velocity of sprayed particles, the change rule of particles with spray pressure was obtained. Ni twins are discovered in the Ni-Al coating due to rapid cooling in TWAS process.

Droplets deformation and solidification characteristics in twin-wire arc sprayed Ni-Al were explored in depth. Both theoretical method and numerical model were established for calculating the deformation process of the droplets impacting on the substrate and their solidification behavior in airflow, which based on two models of the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow and the standard k-ε. The morphology and the microstructure of the composite coatings were analyzed by XRD, SEM and TEM. The results of the experiment indicate the droplets cooling rate ranges from 3.0×107 to 7.5×107 K/s. The main components of Ni-5wt.% Al coating were Ni solid solution, and a small number of Ni3Al4, Al2O3 and NiO. The main phases of Ni-20wt.% Al coating are Ni3Al and NiAl. EDS and TEM analysis shows that there are a few amorphous and equiaxed crystals in the Ni-Al coating. The surface roughness increases with the decrease of spraying pressure and spraying distance.