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Autotransfusão imediata em cão - relato de caso
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Stocco, M.B.

; Sônego, D.A.

; Sousa, N.P.

; Gomes, L.G.

; Monzem, S.

; Martini, A.C.

; Sousa, V.R.F.

; Souza, R.L.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2019, Volume 71 N. 6 Pages 1835 - 1838

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO As hemorragias podem levar à morte, em caso de não interrupção e recuperação da volemia. A substituição do sangue pode ser realizada por transfusão homóloga ou autóloga. Na transfusão homóloga, o sangue é obtido de um doador, na autotransfusão ou transfusão autóloga, o sangue é coletado do próprio paciente. Objetivou-se relatar a autotransfusão em um cão como um método simples, rápido e barato, e discutir esse procedimento como uma alternativa emergencial para clínicas e hospitais que não possuem bancos de sangue ou animais doadores. Foi atendido um cão Rottweiler fêmea, 42,8kg, 10 anos de idade, com queixa principal de tumor mamário e para realização de castração. Após o procedimento, a paciente apresentou hemoperitônio, sendo encaminhada para novo procedimento cirúrgico, durante o qual se observou grande quantidade de sangue livre na cavidade abdominal. Foi realizada a autotransfusão de emergência, pela técnica das duas seringas, devido à indi1111sponibilidade de sangue ou animal doador no momento do procedimento cirúrgico emergencial, demonstrando ser uma opção eficiente, econômica, de fácil acesso e segura, por ser uma transfusão normotérmica, apresentar diminuição do risco de sobrecarga circulatória e por ser o sangue compatível, devendo ser mais explorada, pois existem poucos dados descritos na literatura.

ABSTRACT Hemorrhages can lead to death in case of non-interruption and recovery of blood volume. Blood replacement may be performed by homologous or autologous transfusion. In homologous transfusion, blood is obtained from a donor, in autotransfusion or autologous transfusion, blood is collected from the patient himself. We aimed to report autotransfusion in a dog as a simple, quick, and inexpensive method, and discuss it as an emergency alternative for clinics and hospitals that do not have blood banks or animal donors. A female Rottweiler dog, 42.8kg, 10 years of age, was treated with a primary complaint of mammary tumor and for castration. After the procedure the patient presented hemoperitoneum, being referred to a new surgical procedure, where a large amount of free blood was observed in the abdominal cavity. The emergency autotransfusion was performed by the two syringes technique, due to the unavailability of blood or donor animal at the time of the emergency surgical procedure, proving to be an efficient, economical, easily accessible and safe option because it is a normothermic transfusion, risk of circulatory overload and blood is compatible. It should be more exploited because there are few data described in the literature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10471 1277 downloads

Método não invasivo para avaliação da movimentação embrionária de Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802)
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Gomes, L.G.

; Stocco, M.B.

; Sousa, N.P.

; Martini, A.C.

; Morgado, T.O.

; Flôres, F.N.

; Moreira, L.F.B.

; Ferraz, R.H.S.

; Souza, R.L.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2019, Volume 71 N. 6 Pages 2107 - 2110

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using a non-invasive digital monitor to monitor heart rate (HR) and motility during the embryonic development of Pantanal alligator (Caiman yacare) using Egg Buddy ® , at different incubation temperatures. The collection of the eggs followed the Ranching system and egg identification, transportation, and incubation were performed with the required care; all eggs were incubated with 90% humidity at 29°C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29°C, increased to 33°C or maintained at 29°C and embryos simultaneously treated with 4-aminopyridine on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (29°C-4AP). Embryo movement was measured with a digital non-invasive monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were sacrificed. In the statistical analysis no differences were observed between the groups for the temperature (33°C and 29°C); for motility, a difference was observed at day 49 for the 29°C-4AP group. This revealed that the non-invasive evaluation method can be used to verify embryonic motility and HR effectively in Caiman yacare embryos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11260 664 downloads

Avaliação da anestesia epidural com lidocaína associada ao tramadol ou à dexmedetomidina, em gatas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia, anestesiadas com propofol
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Sande, J.Q.

; Souza, T.B.S.

; Kersul, I.L.G.

; Anjos, N.P.

; Martins Filho, E.F.

; Barbosa, V.F.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2019, Volume 71 N. 6 Pages 1901 - 1908

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos fisiológicos, analgésicos e sobre a taxa de infusão de propofol, decorrentes da anestesia epidural com lidocaína, associada ao tramadol ou à dexmedetomidina, em felinas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Para tal, 16 felinas hígidas foram pré-tratadas com acepromazina 0,08mg/kg/IM, utilizando-se propofol para a indução (dose-efeito) e manutenção anestésicas. Após indução, as gatas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos (n=8), designados: grupo lidocaína-tramadol (GLT), tratado com lidocaína (3,0mg/kg) associada ao tramadol (2,0mg/kg); e grupo lidocaína-dexmedetomidina (GLD), tratado com lidocaína (3,0mg/kg) associada à dexmedetomidina (2µg/kg), pela via epidural. Durante a OSH, a infusão de propofol foi aumentada ou reduzida, objetivando-se manutenção de plano anestésico cirúrgico. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: f, FC, SPO2, EtCO2, PAS, PAD, PAM, T°C, nos períodos pré (M1) e transoperatórios (M2 a M7); a taxa mínima de propofol necessária; o tempo de recuperação anestésica e a qualidade da analgesia pós-cirúrgica durante seis horas. Ambos os tratamentos garantiram baixas taxas mínimas de infusão de propofol, todavia o uso da dexmedetomidina resultou em bradicardia inicial, elevação da pressão arterial, maior tempo de recuperação e menor qualidade analgésica, quando comparada ao tramadol.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the physiological and analgesic effects and the minimum infusion rate of propofol of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine associated to tramadol or dexmedetomidine, in cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). For this purpose, 16 healthy cats were pretreated with acepromazine (0.08mg kg -1 IM) and propofol was used for induction (dose-effect) and maintenance of anesthesia. After induction, the cats were assigned in two randomized groups (n= 8), named: Lidocaine-tramadol group (LTG), treated with lidocaine (3mg kg -1 ) associated to tramadol (2mg kg -1 ) and Lidocaine-dexmedetomidine group (LDG), treated with lidocaine (3mg kg -1 ) associated to dexmedetomidine (2g kg -1 ), by epidural route. During OSH, propofol infusion was increased or decreased, setting to maintain surgical anesthetic depth. The parameters f, HR, SPO 2 , EtCO 2 , SAP, DAP, MAP, T°C in the pre (M1) and trans-operative periods (M2 to M7); minimum infusion rate of propofol; time of anesthetic recovery and quality of postoperative analgesia during six-hour interval, were evaluated. Both protocols provided low minimum infusion rate of propofol. However, dexmedetomidine resulted in initial bradycardia, elevated blood pressure, longer recovery time, and lower analgesic quality when compared to tramadol.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10536 850 downloads

Indicadores biológicos séricos em veado-campeiro ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758) de vida livre do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense
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Antunes, T.R.

; Oliveira, G.G.

; Braz, P.H.

; Péres, I.A.H.F.S.

; Zimmermann, N.P.

; Pellegrin, A.O.

; Juliano, R.S.

; Souza, A.I.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2018, Volume 70 N. 6 Pages 1840 - 1844

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi estabelecer os intervalos de referência de diferentes analitos séricos em Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus de vida livre. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 54 fêmeas e 14 machos adultos, capturados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. A determinação das concentrações de cálcio total, albumina, colesterol total, creatinina, glicose, fósforo, proteína total, triglicerídeos e ureia séricas e a atividade das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatina quinase fração MB e fosfatase alcalina foi realizada em equipamento automático. Valores de globulinas, cálcio total e proporções (razões) entre analitos foram realizados por meio de cálculo matemático. Esta é a primeira descrição do intervalo de referência de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em veado-campeiro de vida livre do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. O tamanho da amostra e a distribuição dos dados indicam que os valores médios obtidos são representativos e podem ser usados para a monitorização da saúde, do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de enfermidades nesse estrato populacional.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to establish the reference intervals of different serum analytes in free - living Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus. Blood samples were drawn from the 54 females and 14 males, adults, captured in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. A determination of total calcium, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, total protein, triglycerides, and serum urea concentrations and an activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB fraction and alkaline phosphatase were performed in automated equipment. Values of globulins, total calcium and proportions among analytes were performed by means of mathematical calculations. This is a first description of the reference parameters for serum biochemistry of free - living pampas deer in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Sample size and distribution of data indicate that the mean values obtained are representative and can be used for a health monitoring, nutritional status, and diagnosis of diseases in this population stratum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10278 986 downloads

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and serum cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the assessment of disease activity in Takayasu's arteritis
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Arraes, Anne E.D.

; Souza, Alexandre W.S. de

; Mariz, Henrique A.

; Silva, Neusa P.

; Torres, Ivone C.G.

; Pinto, Paula N.V.

; Lima, Eduardo N.P.

; Sato, Emilia I.

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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aug 2016, Volume 56 N. 4 Pages 299 - 308

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a captação de 18F-fluordesoxiglicose (FDG) na tomografia por emissão de pósitrons – tomografia computadorizada (PET-CT) – e os níveis séricos de diferentes citocinas e da metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) em pacientes com arterite de Takayasu (AT) e associações com a atividade da doença. Métodos: Foram mensurados os níveis séricos do fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α), interleucina (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, MMP-3 e MMP-9 em 36 pacientes com AT e 36 controles. O valor padronizado de captação máximo (SUVmax) de 18F-FDG nas paredes arteriais foi determinado por exames de PET-CT. Os pacientes com AT foram classificados como doença ativa, doença inativa e possível doença ativa. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de IL-6 e MMP-3 foram mais altos em pacientes com AT do que nos controles (p < 0,001). Os níveis séricos de IL-6 foram mais elevados em pacientes com doença ativa e em pacientes com possível doença ativa do que naqueles com doença inativa (p < 0,0001). Os pacientes com doença ativa apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de TNF-α do que os pacientes com doença inativa (p = 0,049), enquanto os indivíduos com possível doença ativa apresentaram maiores níveis séricos de IL-18 do que os pacientes com doença inativa (p = 0,046). Aqueles com doença ativa apresentaram maiores valores de SUVmax do que aqueles com doença inativa (p = 0,042). De acordo com a curva ROC, o SUVmax foi capaz de predizer a doença ativa na AT e valores ≥ 1,3 estavam associados à atividade da doença (p = 0,039). Os níveis séricos de TNF-α foram maiores em pacientes com SUVmax ≥ 1,3 do que naqueles com valor < 1,3 (p = 0,045) e controles (p = 0,012). Os níveis séricos de IL-6 foram mais elevados em pacientes com SUVmax ≥ 1,3 do que nos controles (p < 0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças em relação a outros biomarcadores entre pacientes com AT e controles. Conclusões: Níveis séricos elevados de IL-6 e TNF-α, bem como uma maior captação arterial de 18F-FDG, estão associados à AT ativa.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) and serum levels of different cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) and associations with disease activity. Methods: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were measured in 36 TA patients and 36 controls. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG in arterial walls was determined by PET–CT scans. TA patients were classified as active disease, inactive disease and possible active disease. Results: Serum IL-6 and MMP-3 levels were higher in TA patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was higher in patients with active disease and in patients with possible active disease than in inactive disease (p < 0.0001). Patients with active disease had higher serum TNFα levels than patients with inactive disease (p = 0.049) while patients with possible active disease presented higher IL-18 levels than patients with inactive disease (p = 0.046). Patients with active disease had higher SUVmax values than those with inactive disease (p = 0.042). By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve SUVmax was predictive of active disease in TA and values ≥1.3 were associated with disease activity (p = 0.039). Serum TNF-α levels were higher in patients with SUVmax ≥ 1.3 than <1.3 (p = 0.045) and controls (p = 0.012). Serum IL-6 levels were higher in patients with SUVmax ≥ 1.3 than in controls (p < 0.001). No differences regarding other biomarkers were found between TA patients and controls. Conclusions: Higher serum IL-6 and TNFα levels as well as higher 18F-FDG uptake in arterial wall are associated with active TA.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2015.08.007 3027 downloads

Estradiol and progesterone fecal metabolites analysis in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous)
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Paz, R.C.R.

; Souza, N.P.

; Furtado, P.V.

; Brown, J.L.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2016, Volume 68 N. 3 Pages 636 - 640

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Neste estudo, quatro fêmeas de cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) mantidas no Zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, foram investigadas pelo período de 12 meses, mediante a mensuração de concentrações de estradiol e progesterona em fezes. Coletas de fezes foram realizadas três vezes por semana para posterior extração hormonal. Dois métodos de análise de metabólitos fecais, elisaimunoensaio (EIA) e radioimunoensaio (RIA), foram utilizados na mensuração dos metabólitos de progesterona (P4) e estradiol (E2). O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar e validar dois diferentes métodos de mensuração hormonal para C. thous. Não houve diferença significativa com relação ao método empregado. A técnica de radioimunoensaio demonstrou ser mais sensível, no entanto ambas apresentaram resultados semelhantes.

ABSTRACT In this study, four crab-eating fox females (Cerdocyon thous) maintained at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Zoo, Cuiabá, Brazil, were investigated for 12 months, using feces measurement of estradiol and progesterone concentrations. Fecal collections were performed three times a week for hormone extraction. Two methods of analysis, Elisa (EIA) and Radioimmunoassay (RIA), were used in the measurement of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) metabolites. The aim of this study was to compare and validate two different methods of hormone measurement for C. thous. There were no differences regarding the method used. The Radioimmunoassay technique proved to be more sensitive, however, both showed similar results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7886 1395 downloads

Analysis of the use of imipenem at a University Hospital following the restructuring of an antimicrobial audit system
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Souza, N.P.

; Noblat, A.C.B.

; Noblat, L.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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dec 2008, Volume 12 N. 6 Pages 494 - 498

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study analyzed the use pattern of imipenem following the restructuring of the antimicrobial audit system at a University Hospital. It was an observational study before and after the restructuring of the antimicrobial audit system in a University Hospital from May to August and then from September to December 2006. The criteria of the rational use of imipenem were obtained from a non-systematic revision of the literature. The collection of data on the general characteristics and clinical state of the patient, the infection and the established therapy was carried out in a previously tested instrument. Data was recorded, revised and analyzed in a database built with the software SPSS® for Windows® PC, version 10.0. The statistical analysis had a descriptive character: frequencies, mean, median and standard deviation. No differences were encountered in relation to the appropriate indication, consumption and clinical outcomes of patients. However, there was a reduction of 4 to 1 (75.0%) in the number of associations with spectrum superposition and an increase of 4 to 8 (50.0%) in the change of therapy. The restructuring of the antimicrobial audit system in the studied hospital did not reflect significantly the increase of the appropriate indication of imipenem. It contributed, however, to the reduction of the inappropriate associations of this antibiotic and to changes of therapy, without, however, compromising the quality of services rendered to patients.

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Variabilidade de propriedades físicas e químicas do solo em um pomar cítrico
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Souza, L. da S.

; Cogo, N.P.

; Vieira, S.R.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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sep 1997, Volume 21 N. 3 Pages 367 - 372

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivando fornecer subsídios para esquemas de amostragem e planejamento de experimentos com citros, avaliou-se, em 1990, a variabilidade de propriedades físicas e químicas do solo em uma transeção de 50 plantas espaçadas de 4 m, em um pomar de laranja 'Pêra' com doze anos de idade, sob manejo uniforme e implantado em um latossolo amarelo distrófico textura média relevo plano, em Governador Mangabeira (BA). Em cada planta, colheu-se uma amostra de solo em um ponto fixo sob a projeção da copa, em faixa sucessivamente adubada. Os resultados permitiram concluir que apenas fósforo e umidade gravimétrica apresentaram distribuição normal, com as demais propriedades seguindo a lognormal. Os maiores coeficientes de variação foram obtidos para potássio e fósforo e, os menores, para saturação por bases, pH em CaCl2, pH em água e areia total. Com exceção de saturação por bases e alumínio, que apresentaram distribuição aleatória, as demais propriedades mostraram dependência espacial, com alcance variando de 18 m (areia total e argila) a 59 m (matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio, Ca + Mg e soma de bases).

With the objective of assisting sampling systems and planning orange experiments, soil variability was assessed in a twelve-year-old orange orchard, cv. Pera, grown on a dystrophic Yellow Latosol of medium texture plain relief, in Governador Mangabeira, State of Bahia, Brazil, 1990. A transect consisting of 50 trees, spaced 4 m apart, was sampled. Soil samples were taken from a fixed point under the tree drip line on the successively fertilized strip. Results showed that only phosphorus and gravimetric soil moisture followed normal distribution, while the other soil properties followed log-normal distribution. The highest coefficients of variation were found for potassium and phosphorus, and the lowest for base saturation, pH in CaCl2, pH in water, and total sand. Excepting for base saturation and aluminium, which showed random distribution, the other soil properties exhibited spatial dependence ranging from 18 m (total sand and clay) to 59 m (organic matter, calcium, magnesium, Ca + Mg, and total exchangeable base).

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Variabilidade dos teores de nutrientes na folha, entre plantas, em um pomar cítrico
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Souza, L. da S.

; Vieira, S.R.

; Cogo, N.P.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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sep 1997, Volume 21 N. 3 Pages 373 - 377

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Avaliou-se, em 1990, em Governador Mangabeira (BA), a variabilidade dos teores de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe) nas folhas, em uma transeção de 50 plantas espaçadas de 4 m, em um pomar de laranja 'Pêra' com doze anos de idade, sob manejo uniforme e implantado em um latossolo amarelo distrófico textura média relevo plano. Em cada planta, coletaram-se amostras constituídas de vinte folhas, em quatro pontos da copa, opostos dois a dois, e em ramos com frutos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que N, Mg, Zn e Cu apresentaram distribuição normal, seguindo, os demais, a lognormal. Os maiores coeficientes de variação foram observados para K e Cu e, o menor, para N. Com exceção de P e Cu, com distribuição aleatória, os demais nutrientes apresentaram dependência espacial, com alcance variando de 20 m (Mg) a 50 m (Ca). Foi observada correlação espacial cruzada positiva entre matéria orgânica no solo e N na folha.

The variability of leaf nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron) was assessed in a twelve-year-old orange orchard, cv. Pêra, grown on a dystrophic Yellow Latosol of medium texture plain relief, in Governador Mangabeira, State of Bahia, Brazil, 1990. A transect consisting of 50 trees, spaced four meters apart, was sampled. Twenty leaves were collected from each tree. The leaves were taken from four different points of the crown, opposite two by two, and from branches bearing fruits. Results showed that nitrogen, magnesium, zinc, and copper followed normal distribution, while phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, and iron followed log-normal distribution. The highest coefficients of variation were found for K and Cu, and the lowest was for N. With the exception of P and Cu, which showed random distribution, the other nutrients exhibited spatial dependence, which ranged from 20 m (Mg) to 50 m (Ca). Positive cross-correlation was detected between soil organic matter and leaf nitrogen.

1038 downloads

10.

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do milho: II. efeito de doses crescentes de N, R e K no crescimento, produção e composição mineral da variedade Piranão em condições controladas
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Malavolta, E.

; Basso, L. C.

; Oliveira, E G. D.

; Vasconcellos, C. A.

; Santos, Z. G.

; Fortes, J. M.

; Fernandes, J.

; Stamford, N.P.

; Lorenzi, J.O.

; Sampaio, N. F.

; Hass, F. J.

; Freire, J. C.

; Souza, M.

; Ventorim, N.

; Victoria F, R.

; Rosalén, CA.

; Zago, E.A.

; Miranda, M.T.

; Lima, S.A.

; Castro, A.M.G.

; Souza, A.P.

; Lopes, E.S.

; Sobral, L.F.

; Lovato, L.A.

; Menezes, M.

; Tisselli F, E O.

Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz

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1976, Volume 33 Pages 479 - 499

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O milho, var. Piranão, foi cultivado em solução nutritiva com níveis crescentes de N, R e K. Houve resposta linear à adição de N e assintótica às doses de R e de K. A determinação da atividade da reductase de nitrato se correlacionou melhor com a produção da matéria seca que a do N total nas folhas. O teor de potássio total nas folhas, por sua vez refletiu melhor o estado nutricional que a determinação de putrescina nas folhas.

Maize plants, Piranão cultivar, were grown in nutrient solution with 5 levels each of N, R and K till harvest. Nitrate reductase activity and putrescine level were determined in leaves of plants in the N and K series, respectively, at silking stage. Upper and lower leaves were analysed for N, R and K in the corresponding treatments at the end of the life cycle. The main conclusions were the following : 5.1 There was a linear effect of level of N in the substrate on dry matter production. 5.2. High activities of nitrate reductase suggest that under natural conditions the variety should be very responsive to N fertilization. 5.3. An asymptotic response curve was found in the treatments with increasing levels of R in the medium, as well as in the case of the K treatments. 5.4. Curves of response of roots (dry matter) showed a tendency to level of as a function of increasing levels of element at lower concentrations than the components aeral part of the plant (leaves, stems, ears). 5.5. Determination of leaf putrescine did not of prove a better indicator of the K status leaf K. 5.6. The variety under study seems to be relatively more efficient in the utilization of N for yield components; the efficiency for utilization of K, is rather low and that for R is intermediate, findings that should have a bearing on the fertilization in field conditions.

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