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ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the epidemiological indexes of mastitis, milk quality and udder hygiene in the Compost Barn system, as well as to search for associations between isolated pathogens from milk with compost characteristics. Three dairy herds participated in the study, and the samples were collected during different periods on each farm. Individual milk samples were collected in duplicate for SCC analysis and microbiological culture. Environmental pathogens caused most cases of clinical mastitis on farm 2, and contagious pathogens caused the most cases on farm 1. Bed moisture was not associated with the incidence of environmental pathogens. Most of the animals remained in good udder hygiene during the study. Poor udder hygiene contributed to the increased incidence of environmental pathogens in one of the farms. A higher number of animals with a hygiene score of ≥ 2 were observed during the warmer and rainfall periods. There was no association between hygiene scores and somatic cell counts. The results suggest that pathogens isolated from milk in animals confined in Compost Barn under tropical climate are like other confinement systems adopted elsewhere. The year period influenced the udder hygiene score, reinforcing the importance of bed management throughout the year.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os índices epidemiológicos da mastite, da qualidade do leite e da higiene do úbere em animais confinados no sistema Compost Barn, bem como buscar associações entre patógenos isolados do leite e características do composto. Três rebanhos leiteiros participaram do estudo e as amostras foram coletadas em diferentes períodos em cada fazenda. Amostras individuais de leite foram coletadas em duplicata para análise de CCS e cultura microbiológica. Patógenos ambientais causaram a maioria dos casos de mastite clínica na fazenda 2, e na fazenda 1 a maioria dos casos foi em decorrência de patógenos contagiosos. Amostras de material da cama foram coletadas em duas fazendas para análise da densidade bacteriana e da umidade. A umidade da cama permaneceu dentro da faixa de controle durante o estudo e não foi associada à incidência de patógenos ambientais. A maioria dos animais permaneceu com boa higiene de úbere durante o estudo. A falta de higiene do úbere contribuiu para o aumento da incidência de patógenos ambientais em uma das fazendas. Durante o período mais quente e mais chuvoso, um número maior de animais com escore de sujidade ≥ 2 foi observado em todos os rebanhos. Não houve associação entre escore de sujidade e contagem de células somáticas em qualquer uma das três fazendas. Os resultados indicam que o perfil de patógenos isolados do leite em animais confinados em Compost Barn sob clima tropical é semelhante a outros sistemas de confinamento adotados em outros lugares. O período do ano influenciou o escore de higiene do úbere, o que reforça a importância do manejo da cama ao longo do ano.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12798

Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Sánchez-Delgado, J.C.

; Jácome-Hortúa, A.M.

; Uribe-Sarmiento, O.M.

; Philbois, S.V.

; Pereira, A.C.

; Rodrigues, K.P.

; Souza, H.C.D.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e12241

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The cardioprotective effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been demonstrated in several studies. Similarly, physical exercise has yielded positive results. However, the effects of their combination remain inconclusive. This review describes the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases and included randomized controlled trials published up to December 2021 on the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We identified 148 articles, of which only seven met the inclusion criteria (386 participants; 91 [23%] HRT + exercise; 104 [27%] HRT; 103 [27%] exercise; 88 [23%] placebo). The combined treatment further decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the isolated effect of aerobic training (AT) (mean difference [MD]=-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-2.65 to -0.72, n=73). Nevertheless, it attenuated the decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD=0.78; 95%CI: 0.22-1.35, n=73), and the increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) promoted by exercise (AT + HRT=2.8±1.4 vs AT + placebo=5.8±3.4, P=0.02). The combination of AT and oral HRT improved SBP. However, AT alone seemed to have a better effect on physical fitness and DBP in postmenopausal women.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12241

Role of aerobic physical training on cardiac autonomic and morphophysiological dysfunction in hypertensive rats subjected to ovarian hormone deprivation
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Rossi, B.R.O.

; Philbois, S.V.

; Maida, K.D.

; Sánchez-Delgado, J.C.

; Veiga, A.C.

; Souza, H.C.D.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e11916

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Here we investigated the effects of physical training on cardiovascular autonomic control and cardiac morphofunctional parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) subjected to ovarian hormone deprivation. Forty-eight 10-week-old SHRs were divided into two groups: ovariectomized (OVX, n=24) and sham (SHAM, n=24). Half of each group (n=12) was trained by swimming for 12 weeks (OVX-T and SHAM-T). Cardiac morphology and functionality were assessed using echocardiography, and autonomic parameters were assessed using double pharmacological autonomic block, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV). Ovariectomy did not influence the cardiac autonomic tonus balance unlike physical training, which favored greater participation of the vagal autonomic tonus. Ovariectomy and aerobic physical training did not modify HRV and BRS, unlike BPV, for which both methods reduced low-frequency oscillations, suggesting a reduction in sympathetic vascular modulation. Untrained ovariectomized animals showed a reduced relative wall thickness (RWT) and increased diastolic and systolic volumes and left ventricular diameters, resulting in increased stroke volume. Trained ovariectomized animals presented reduced posterior wall thickness and RWT as well as increased final diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, and stroke volume. Ovarian hormone deprivation in SHRs promoted morphofunctional adaptations but did not alter the evaluation of cardiac autonomic parameters. In turn, aerobic physical training contributed to a more favorable cardiac autonomic balance to the vagal autonomic component and promoted morphological adaptations but had little effect on cardiac functionality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2022e11916

Production and nutritional quality of black oat forage grown in different population stands under a successive cutting regime
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Dochwat, A.

; Neumann, M.

; Bumbieris Junior, V.H.

; Heker Junior, J.C.

; Cristo, F.B.

; Zdepski, B.F.

; Souza, A.M.

; Matchula, A.F.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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sep 2020, Volume 72 N. 5 Pages 1936 - 1946

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características agronômicas produtivas e qualitativas da forragem da aveia-preta submetida ao cultivo com diferentes estandes populacionais. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, composto por quatro tratamentos, sendo dois estandes (175 e 350 plantas m2), associado a duas épocas de corte sucessivas (vegetativo e pleno vegetativo) e a quatro repetições. Os estandes populacionais não influenciaram a produção de biomassa seca, pois, com 175 plantas m2, obteve-se efeito compensatório por maior número de perfilhos m2-1 e/ou perfilho planta-1. O estande populacional influenciou os parâmetros bromatológicos, o qual, com 175 plantas m2, gerou produção de forragem com maiores teores de hemicelulose e de nutrientes digestíveis totais e um menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro. Na comparação entre os cortes, o primeiro corte, comparado ao segundo corte, apresentou maiores valores de proteína bruta (26,53%). Recomenda-se a aveia-preta cultivada com estande populacional de 175 plantas m2 por gerar aumento do número de perfilhos m2-1 e perfilhos planta-1, além de melhorar a digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca da planta inteira, sem causar redução de produção de biomassa seca por unidade de área.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic productive and qualitative traits of forage of black oats grown in different stands of plants. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments, two plant stands (175 and 350 plants m2) associated with two successive cutting periods (vegetative and full vegetative) and four replications. The stand of plants did not influence the production of dry biomass; with 175 plants m2, we obtained a compensatory effect by the greater number of tillers m2-1 and/or tiller plant-1. The population stand influenced the chemical parameters, where 175 plants m2 resulted in forage with higher contents of hemicellulose and total digestible nutrients and a lower content of neutral detergent fiber. In the comparison between cuts, the first cut compared to the second presented higher values of crude protein (26.53%). It is recommended that the black oat be cultivated with a population stand of 175 plants m2 for generating an increase in the number of tillers m2-1 and tillers plant-1, in addition to improving the in situ dry matter digestibility of the whole plant, without causing reduction of production of dry biomass per unit area.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11313 442 downloads

Germination of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii Seeds in Different Temperatures and Luminosity
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SILVA, E.M.

; PEREIRA, J.C.

; FERREIRA, V.M.

; SOUZA, R.C.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volume 37 elocation e019197178

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência da temperatura e da luz sobre a germinação das sementes de Stigmaphyllon blanchetii, conhecida popularmente como rabo-de-rato. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, foi avaliado o efeito de três temperaturas constantes (20 oC, 25 oC e 30 oC) e uma alternada de 20-30 oC. Na segunda etapa, para simulação da luz sob diferentes qualidades espectrais, foram utilizadas quatro condições de luminosidade (luz branca, luz vermelha, vermelho distante e ausência de luz). As temperaturas que proporcionaram melhor germinação e desenvolvimento para S. blanchetii foram a constante de 30 oC e alternada de 20-30 oC. As sementes germinaram tanto na presença como na ausência de luz, porém houve maior germinação e desenvolvimento das plântulas na ausência de luz, podendo ser classificadas em fotoblásticas negativas preferenciais.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present work was to study the influence of temperature and light on germination of seeds of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii, popularly known as rat tail. The first stage of the research evaluated the effect of three constant temperatures (20 oC, 25 oC and 30 oC) and an alternating temperature (20-30 oC). In the second stage, for simulation of different types of light, four conditions of luminosity (white, red, far red and absence of light) were used. The temperatures that provided the best germination and development for S. blanchetii are the constant (30 oC) and the alternating (20-30 oC) ones. The seeds germinated both in the presence and absence of light, but there was greater germination and seedling development in the absence of light; thus they were classified as preferential negative photoblastic seeds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100120 795 downloads

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology
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Baptista, M.S.

; Alves, M.J.M.

; Arantes, G.M.

; Armelin, H.A.

; Augusto, O.

; Baldini, R.L.

; Basseres, D.S.

; Bechara, E.J.H.

; Bruni-Cardoso, A.

; Chaimovich, H.

; Colepicolo Neto, P.

; Colli, W.

; Cuccovia, I.M.

; Da-Silva, A.M.

; Di Mascio, P.

; Farah, S.C.

; Ferreira, C.

; Forti, F.L.

; Giordano, R.J.

; Gomes, S.L.

; Gueiros Filho, F.J.

; Hoch, N.C.

; Hotta, C.T.

; Labriola, L.

; Lameu, C.

; Machini, M.T.

; Malnic, B.

; Marana, S.R.

; Medeiros, M.H.G.

; Meotti, F.C.

; Miyamoto, S.

; Oliveira, C.C.

; Souza-Pinto, N.C.

; Reis, E.M.

; Ronsein, G.E.

; Salinas, R.K.

; Schechtman, D.

; Schreier, S.

; Setubal, J.C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Souza, G.M.

; Terra, W.R.

; Truzzi, D.R.

; Ulrich, H.

; Verjovski-Almeida, S.

; Winck, F.V.

; Zingales, B.

; Kowaltowski, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 N. 9 elocation e8935

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198935 1769 downloads

Allelopathic Potential of Ethanolic Extract and Phytochemical Analysis of Paspalum maritimum Trind
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PEREIRA, J.C.

; PAULINO, C.L.A.

; ENDRES, L.

; SANTANA, A.E.G.

; PEREIRA, F.R.S.

; SOUZA, R.C.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volume 37 elocation e019184596

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Alelopatia é definida como a capacidade que determinadas plantas e microrganismos têm de interferir no metabolismo de outras espécies, por meio de substâncias liberadas no ambiente, podendo ser uma alternativa de combate às plantas daninhas e doenças. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar o potencial alelopático e identificar os grupos de metabólitos secundários de Paspalum maritimum Trind. As espécies Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea e Portulaca oleracea foram utilizadas como plantas receptoras. Para avaliar o potencial alelopático, foram obtidos o extrato etanólico da parte aérea e radicular da espécie doadora. Os efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos foram avaliados por meio de testes de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas. Foi realizada também a análise fitoquímica do extrato, para identificar os metabólitos secundários. O extrato etanólico, de ambas as partes da planta, causaram efeito alelopático nas espécies receptoras. Foi detectada, na fração mais ativa da parte aérea de P. maritimum, a presença de taninos condensados, chalconas e auronas, flavononas, esteroides e saponinas.

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy is defined as the ability of certain plants and microorganisms to interfere with the metabolism of other species through substances released into the environment, being an alternative to control weeds and diseases. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential and identify groups of secondary metabolites of Paspalum maritimum Trind. The species Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea, and Portulaca oleracea were used as recipient plants. The ethanolic extract was obtained from shoot and root of donor species to evaluate the allelopathic potential. Potentially allelopathic effects were evaluated by means of germination tests, germination speed index, and initial seedling growth. A phytochemical analysis of the extract was also performed to identify the secondary metabolites. The ethanolic extract from both plant parts had an allelopathic effect on recipient species. The presence of condensed tannins, chalcones and aurones, flavonones, steroids, and saponins were detected in the most active fraction of the shoot of P. maritimum.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100053 1342 downloads

Antiedematogenic activity of the indole derivative N-salicyloyltryptamine in animal models
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SOUSA-NETO, BENEDITO P.

; GOMES, BRUNO S.

; CUNHA, FRANCISCO V.M.

; ARCANJO, DANIEL D.R.

; GUTIERREZ, STANLEY J.C.

; SOUZA, MARIA F.V.

; ALMEIDA, FERNANDA R.C.

; OLIVEIRA, FRANCISCO A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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mar 2018, Volume 90 N. 1 Pages 185 - 194

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The N-salicyloyltryptamine (NST) is an indole derivative compound analogue to the alkaloid N-benzoyltryptamine. In the present study, the antiedematogenic activity of NST was investigated in animal models. Firstly, the acute toxicity for NST was assessed according to the OECD Guideline no. 423. The potential NST-induced antiedematogenic activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, as well as by dextran-, compound 48/80-, histamine-, serotonin-, capsaicine-, and prostaglandin E2-induced paw edema in mice. The effect of NST on compound 48/80-induced ex vivo mast cell degranulation on mice mesenteric bed was investigated. No death or alteration of behavioral parameters was observed after administration of NST (2000 mg/kg, i.p.) during the observation time of 14 days. The NST (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema from the 1st to the 5th hour (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). The edematogenic activity induced by dextran, compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, capsaicin, and prostaglandin E2 was inhibited by NST (100 mg/kg, i.p.) throughout the observation period (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). The pretreatment with NST (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, i.p) attenuates the compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001). Thus, the inhibition of both mast cell degranulation and release of endogenous mediators are probably involved in the NST-induced antiedematogenic effect.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160502 1340 downloads

Morphometry and Germination of Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus and Phoradendron mucronatum Diaspores
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AZEVEDO, J.M.L.

; SANTOS, C.G.G.

; CAIRES, C.S.

; ARAÚJO NETO, J.C.

; SOUZA, R.C.

Planta Daninha

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2018, Volume 36 elocation e018170863

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar morfometricamente diásporos de três espécies de ervas-de-passarinho (Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus e Phoradendron mucronatum), bem como estudar o seu comportamento germinativo em função de temperatura e luminosidade. Nos ensaios de germinação utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 4 repetições de 15 diásporos. Os fatores para o primeiro ensaio foram diferentes temperaturas e duas condições do diásporo (intacto e sem epicarpo). No segundo ensaio, os fatores foram diferentes qualidades de luz e duas condições do diásporo. As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e tempo médio de germinação (TMG). Os diásporos de ervas-de-passarinho apresentam formato elíptico com camada de viscina, característica essencial na dispersão das espécies. Além disso, apresentam distinção quanto ao grau de umidade quando se comparam as famílias Loranthaceae e Viscaceae, sendo esta última a que apresenta o maior teor. A germinação é maior à temperatura alternada de 20-30 ºC para diásporos de P. pyrifolia e P. mucronatum e 20 ºC para S. marginatus. A luminosidade interferiu na germinação de P. mucronatum e S. marginatus e não influenciou na de P. pyrifolia. A condição do diásporo influenciou a germinação das três espécies em estudo, observando-se incremento significativo na sua germinação quando houve a remoção do epicarpo. Temperatura e luminosidade interferem diretamente no IVG e no TMG das três espécies de ervas-de-passarinho.

ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to characterize morphometrically diaspores from three species of mistletoes (Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus e Phoradendron mucronatum), as well as to study its germination behavior according to temperature and luminosity. In germination tests, the completely randomized design was used, in factor scheme 4 x 2, with 4 replications of 15 diaspores. The factors for the first test were different temperatures and two diaspore conditions (intact and without epicarp). In the second test, factors were different light qualities and two diaspore conditions. The analyzed variables were: germination percentage, germination rate index (GRI) and mean germination time (MGT). Mistletoe’s diaspores present an elliptic shape with viscin layer, an essential characteristic for the dispersion of the species. In addition to this, they present a distinction as for the moisture content when compared to the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, where the latter presents the highest content. Germination is greater at the alternated temperature of 20-30 oC for P. pyrifolia and P. mucronatum diaspores and 20 oC for S. marginatus. Luminosity interfered in the germination of P. mucronatum and S. marginatus but did not influence P. pyrifolia. The diaspore condition influenced the germination of the three studied species, observing a significant increase in their germination when the epicarp was removed. Temperature and luminosity interfere directly in the GRI and MGT of the three mistletoes species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582018360100010 1643 downloads

10.

Intensity of swimming exercise influences aortic reactivity in rats
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Brito, A.F.

; Silva, A.S.

; Souza, I.L.L.

; Pereira, J.C.

; Silva, B.A. da

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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nov 2015, Volume 48 N. 11 Pages 996 - 1003

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Exercise is known to cause a vasodilatory response; however, the correlation between the vasorelaxant response and different training intensities has not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the vascular reactivity and lipid peroxidation after different intensities of swimming exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks; 250-300 g) underwent forced swimming for 1 h whilst tied to loads of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8% of their body weight, respectively (groups G3, G4, G5, G6 and G8, respectively; n=5 each). Immediately after the test, the aorta was removed and suspended in an organ bath. Cumulative relaxation in response to acetylcholine (10−12-10−4 M) and contraction in response to phenylephrine (10−12-10−5 M) were measured. Oxidative stress was estimated by determining malondialdehyde concentration. The percentages of aorta relaxation were significantly higher in G3 (7.9±0.20), G4 (7.8±0.29), and G5 (7.9±0.21), compared to the control group (7.2±0.04), while relaxation in the G6 (7.4±0.25) and G8 (7.0±0.06) groups was similar to the control group. In contrast, the percentage of contraction was significantly higher in G6 (8.8 ±0.1) and G8 (9.7±0.29) compared to the control (7.1±0.1), G3 (7.3±0.2), G4 (7.2±0.1) and G5 (7.2±0.2%) groups. Lipid peroxidation levels in the aorta were similar to control levels in G3, G4 and G5, but higher in G6 and G8, and significantly higher in G8 (one-way ANOVA). These results indicate a reduction in vasorelaxing activity and an increase in contractile activity in rat aortas after high-intensity exercise, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20154397 1633 downloads

11.

Eficiência produtiva ao desmame de vacas Nelore criadas no Pantanal
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Silva, R.M.

; Souza, J.C.

; Fernandes, H.J.

; Abreu, U.G.P.

; Ferraz Filho, P.B.

; Rosa, A.N.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2015, Volume 67 N. 4 Pages 1105 - 1110

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência produtiva de vacas ao desmame de acordo com seu tamanho (peso) e estimar correlação fenotípica entre as características peso do bezerro ao desmame (PBD), peso da vaca ao desmame do bezerro (PVD) e relação desmame (RD = PBD/ PVD) de animais da raça Nelore criados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizadas 706 observações para pares de dados de pesos de vacas e de bezerros da raça Nelore ao desmame criados em regime de pastejo. Foram formados seis grupos com base no peso de vaca ao desmame (GPVD) a partir dos desvios (40,73kg) de peso em relação à média geral do rebanho (420,56kg). Os grupos de vacas com menores pesos obtiveram maiores RD. As correlações fenotípicas entre PVD e PBD variaram de 0,05 a 0,26, enquanto para PVD e RD as correlações foram negativas e com variação de 0,11 a 0,25. As correlações fenotípicas entre PBD e RD apresentaram-se positivas e de alta magnitude (0,91 a 0,98). As maiores eficiências produtivas foram determinadas para vacas de pequeno a médio porte (327,20 a 438,62kg), além de estas serem menos exigentes quanto a nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). A seleção de vacas de tamanho médio (379, 83 a 461,29kg) apresenta-se mais vantajosa por gerar menor custo de mantença que as vacas maiores e produzir bezerros mais pesados que as vacas menores.

The study aimed to evaluate the productive efficiency of cow at weaning according to their size (weight) and estimated phenotypic correlation between the characteristics of weaning weight of calf and cow and weaning ratio of Nellore cattle raised in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. 706 observations were used to weight data pairs of cow and calves at weaning. Six groups were formed based on the weight of cow at weaning from deviations (40.73kg) of weight in relation to the overall mean of the herd (420.56kg). The groups of cows with lower weaning weight have the highest weaning ratio. Phenotypic correlations of cow weight at weaning and weaning of calf weight ranged from 0.05 to 0.26, cow weight at weaning and weaning ratio were negative correlations ranging from -0.11 to -0.25. Phenotypic correlations between weaning of calf and weaning ratio were positive and of high magnitude (0.91 to 0.98). The highest efficiencies were determined for cows between 327.20 and 438.62kg, and are less demanding on total digestible nutrients (TDN). A selection of medium sized cows (379, 83 to 461.29kg) appears more interesting because it has lower maintenance costs than larger cows, and produces heavier calves than the smaller cows.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-6909 1409 downloads

12.

Análise fitoquímica e atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham. e do Timol contra cepas de Candida spp
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BRITO, D.I.V.

; MORAIS-BRAGA, M.F.B.

; CUNHA, F.A.B.

; ALBUQUERQUE, R.S.

; CARNEIRO, J.N.P.

; LIMA, M.S.F.

; LEITE, N.F.

; SOUZA, C.E.S.

; ANDRADE, J.C.

; ALENCAR, L.B.B

; LAVOR, A.K.L.S.

; FIGUEREDO, F.G.

; LIMA, L.F.

; COUTINHO, H.D.M.

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais

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2015, Volume 17 N. 4 Pages 836 - 844

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A resistência de fungos do gênero Candida aos fármacos químicos tem lançado o desafio de se identificar novas substâncias que possuam atividade antibiótica ou venham a modular o efeito de produtos atualmente usados contra candidíase. O presente estudo avaliou a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides Cham. e do timol, sobre cepas de Candida. Inicialmente os produtos foram testados frente a 16 cepas fúngicas pela técnica de difusão em meio sólido, o que permitiu selecionar linhagens para continuidade da pesquisa. Com as linhagens de Candida krusei (CK LMBM 01, CK LMBM 02), Candida albicans (CA LM 62) e Candida tropicalis (CT LM 20), procedeu-se, por microdiluição em caldo, a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e em meio sólido, a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) dos produtos foi identificada. O microcultivo das leveduras em meio empobrecido foi realizado para verificação de alterações morfológicas e, além disso, uma análise da composição química do óleo foi realizada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Nesta análise, o constituinte majoritário foi o timol (84,95%), seguido de compostos como p-cimeno e Éter metil carvacrol, entre outros. A CIM do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides Cham. frente às cepas variou entre 64 e 256 μg/mL, enquanto a CIM do timol foi estabelecida entre 32 e 64 μg/mL. A CFM do óleo essencial foi determinada entre 128 e 512 μg/mL e para o timol foram encontrados valores entre 64 e 128 μg/mL. Em relação à análise micromorfológica, verificada nas concentrações de CIM e CIM x 2, o óleo essencial inibiu o dimorfismo das cepas CK 01 e CT 20 na CIM e quando foi ensaiado o timol, este, na CIM, impediu a transição morfológica das cepas CK 01 e CA 62. Uma redução da morfogênese também foi obsevada na cepa CT 20, porém apenas em CIM x 2 e de forma mais discreta. Os resultados enaltecem o potencial antifúngico de L. sidoides e de seu composto majoritário timol tanto no combate à Candida quanto na neutralização de um dos fatores de virulência, a capacidade invasiva por formação de hifas e pseudohifas verificado na condição patogênica da candidíase. Estes dados são promissores e poderão incentivar futuras pesquisas sobre os aspectos fitoquímicos, toxicológicos e farmacológicos tanto do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides como também de seus componentes químicos.

ABSTRACT The resistance of the Candida against drugs has been a challenge to the discovery of new substances with antimicrobial or modulatory effects that could be used against the cadidiasis. This work evaluated the antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. and of the Thymol against Candida strains. The products were tested towards 16 strains of Candida using the diffusion method, which allowed to select the strains in order to proceed with the research. The strains of Candida krusei (CK LMBM 01, CK LMBM 02), Candida albicans (CA LM 62) and Candida tropicalis (CT LM 20) were assayed by the microdilution method so that the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) could be determined. The morphogenesis of the Candida was evaluated using poor environment in order to observe morphological changes. The composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. The main compound observed was the thymol (84.95%). The MIC of the essential oil of L. sidoides and Thymol ranged between 64 to 256 μg/mL, and between 32 to 64 μg/mL respectively. The MFC of the essential oil and the thymol varied between 128 to 512 μg/mL and 64 to 128 μg/mL respectively. The morphogenesis of different Candida strains was inhibited in the MIC and MICx2 to the essential oil and thymol. The results indicated the antifungal potential of the L. sidoides and of the Thymol due to the inhibition of the invasive capacity, one of the most important virulence factors for the candidiasis` development. These results are promising to new researches about the phytochemical, toxicological and pharmacological aspects of the essential oil of L. sidoides and its phytochemical compounds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_060 4881 downloads

13.

A new species of Cirolana Leach, 1818 (Isopoda, Cymothoidea, Cirolanidae) from Brazilian coast
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Paiva, Ricardo J.C.

; Souza-Filho, Jesser F.

Nauplius

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dec 2014, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 91 - 102

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A new species of Cirolana is described from the Northeast Brazilian coast based on the material previously recorded as Cirolana palifrons and some other material misidentified as C. parva. The new species, C. lemoscastroi sp. nov., belongs to a group of species within the genus that have two dorsal longitudinal carinae on the pleotelson. A key to all Cirolana species recorded from Brazil is provided.

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14.

Anatomical aspects of the nerves of the leg and foot of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Linnaeus, 1758)
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Cruz, V.S.

; Cardoso, J.C.

; Araújo, L.B.M.

; Souza, P.R.

; Silva, M.S.B.

; Araújo, E.G.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2014, Volume 66 N. 5 Pages 1419 - 1426

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Apesar de bem estabelecida nos animais domésticos, a abordagem da distribuição nervosa distal do joelho é rara em animais selvagens. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os nervos da perna e pé do Myrmecophaga tridactyla, com ênfase na sua ramificação, distribuição, topografia e território de inervação. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis cadáveres adultos, fixados e conservados em solução de formalina a 10%. A dissecação envolveu desde a formação dos nervos femoral e isquiático pelos ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais lombares e sacrais até sua distribuição nos territórios propostos. Os nervos responsáveis pela inervação da perna e pé do M. tridactyla foram o N. safeno (ramo do N. femoral), os nervos fibular comum e tibial e o N. cutâneo lateral da sura (derivados do N. isquiático) e o N. cutâneo caudal da sura (ramo do N. tibial). O nervo safeno emite ramos cutâneos para a superfície craniomedial da perna, medial do tarso e metatarso e dorsomedial dos dedos I e II (100% dos casos), III (50% dos casos) e IV (25% dos casos). O nervo cutâneo lateral da sura inerva a região cutânea craniolateral do joelho e perna. O nervo fibular inerva os músculos flexores do tarso e extensores dos dedos e a região cutânea craniolateral da perna e dorsolateral do pé. O nervo tibial inerva os músculos extensores do tarso e flexores, adutores e abdutores dos dedos e região cutânea plantar. O nervo cutâneo caudal da sura inerva a pele da face caudal da perna. Pode-se concluir que os nervos responsáveis pela inervação da perna e pé foram os mesmos relatados em animais domésticos e selvagens, porém com algumas diferenças, como a divisão mais distal do nervo fibular comum, ausência de ramos metatarsianos dorsais do N. fibular profundo e uma maior participação do nervo safeno na inervação digital, contribuindo com ramos inclusive para os dedos III e IV, além dos dedos I e II.

Although distal stifle joint nerve distribution has been well established in domestic animals, this approach is scarcely reported in wild animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the nerves of the leg and foot of Myrmecophaga tridactyla with emphasis on their ramification, distribution, topography and territory of innervation. For this purpose, six adult cadavers fixed and preserved in 10% formalin solution were used. The nerves of the leg and foot of the M. tridactylawere the saphenous nerve (femoral nerve branch), fibular and tibial nerves and lateral sural cutaneous nerve (branches of the sciatic nerve) and caudal sural cutaneous nerve (tibial nerve branch). The saphenous nerve branches to the skin, the craniomedial surface of the leg, the medial surface of the tarsal and metatarsal regions and the dorsomedial surface of the digits I and II (100% of cases), III (50% of cases) and IV (25% of cases). The lateral sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the craniolateral region of the knee and leg. The fibular nerve innervates the flexor and extensor muscles of the tarsal region of the digits and skin of the craniolateral surface of the leg and dorsolateral surface of the foot. The tibial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the tarsal joint and flexor, adductor and abductor muscles of the digits and the skin of the plantar surface. The caudal sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the caudal surface of the leg. The nerves responsible for the leg and foot innervation were the same as reported in domestic and wild animals, but with some differences, such as the more distal division of the common fibular nerve, the absence of dorsal metatarsal branches of the deep fibular nerve and a greater involvement of the saphenous nerve in the digital innervation with branches to the digits III and IV, in addition to digits I and II.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6481 6506 downloads

15.

Interação genótipo x ambiente sobre características produtivas e reprodutivas de fêmeas Nelore
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Silveira, M.V.

; Souza, J.C.

; Silva, L.O.C.

; Freitas, J.A.

; Gondo, A.

; Ferraz Filho, P.B.

Archivos de Zootecnia

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mar 2014, Volume 63 N. 241 Pages 223 - 226

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Genetic parameters were estimated and the genotype x environment interaction was evaluated for weight adjusted for 420 days old, age at first calving and first calving interval, in females of the Nelore raised in three regions in the state of Mato Grosso do sul. the statistical model contained the genetic effects and direct additive (random effects) and residual, as fixed, the effects of farm and contemporary group. Analyses were performed with univariate and bivariate animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.41; 0.16; 0.09; for W420, AFC and FCI, respectively. When was utilized the spearman correlation to compare the variation in the ordering of the expected progeny differences, there was noted the change in classification of the sires from region to region. these results show evidence of genotype by environment interaction for the traits studied, with possibility of breeders selected as top genetic merit for a region not be for others.

Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e avaliada a interação genótipo x ambiente para peso ajustado aos 420 dias de idade, idade ao primeiro parto e intervalo entre o primeiro e segundo parto, em fêmeas da raça Nelore criadas em três regiões de produção do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e residual (efeitos aleatórios) e, como fixos, os efeitos de fazenda e do grupo de contemporâneos. As análises foram executadas sob modelo animal do tipo uni e bicaracterística. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,41; 0,16 e 0,09 para P420, IPP e IEP12, respectivamente. Ao se analisar usando a correlação de Spearman para avaliar se houve variação na ordenação da diferença esperada na progênie, constatou-se alteração na classificação dos reprodutores de região para região. Estes resultados evidenciam a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente para as características avaliadas, havendo possibilidade de os reprodutores selecionados como de mérito genético superior para uma região não o serem para outras.

https://doi.org/10.4321/S0004-05922014000100026 678 downloads

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