ABSTRACT Objective: To assess mothers’ knowledge on sun exposure related to serum vitamin D levels in the neonatal period. Methods: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out from August 2020 to May 2021 through a questionnaire directed to mothers of newborns, in a maternity hospital in Southern Brazil. Results: From 141 interviewees, 132 (93.6%) believe it is important to expose the neonate to sun, 101 (71.6%) think this exposure can increase vitamin D levels, 86 (61%) received such information from a doctor, 108 (76.6%) believe there are no risks of sun exposure, 88 (62.4%) claim it isn´t necessary to use any kind of protection, 96 (68.1%) said that only exposure to the sun was necessary to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D during the neonatal period. Only two mothers (1.4%) claim that you should not exposure the neonate to the sun, and only one (0.7%) stated that sun expose can cause skin problems. Conclusions: Most mothers lack satisfactory knowledge about sun exposure related to serum vitamin D levels in the neonatal period. The need to inform and clarify the population about sun exposure during this period is remarkable, in addition to disseminating the proper way to maintain serum levels of vitamin D.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento das mães acerca da exposição solar relacionada com níveis séricos de vitamina D no período neonatal. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, realizado de agosto de 2020 a maio de 2021 por meio de questionário dirigido às mães de recém-nascidos, em uma maternidade no sul do Brasil. Resultados: De 141 entrevistadas, 132 (93,6%) acreditam ser importante expor o lactente ao sol no primeiro mês de vida, 101 (71,6%) acham que essa exposição aumenta os níveis de vitamina D, 86 (61,0%) receberam tal informação de um médico, 108 (76,6%) acreditam que expor o neonato ao sol não causa riscos para a saúde, 88 (62,4%) acham que não é necessário usar proteção contra radiação solar ao expor o neonato ao sol, e 96 (68,1%) afirmaram que apenas a exposição ao sol basta para manter os níveis adequados de vitamina D durante o período neonatal. Apenas duas mães (1,4%) afirmaram que não se deve expor o neonato ao sol e uma (0,7%) que a exposição solar pode causar problemas de pele. Conclusões: A maioria das mães não possui conhecimento satisfatório acerca da exposição solar relacionada aos níveis séricos de vitamina D no período neonatal. É notável a necessidade de informar e esclarecer a população sobre a exposição solar nesse período, além de disseminar a maneira adequada de manter os níveis séricos de vitamina D.

Abstract Background Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. Methods In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 +, a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn’s Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. Results The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. Conclusion Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life.

Resumo Antecedentes Programas informatizados de treinamento cognitivo podem ter beneficiado a autoavaliação da memória, a qualidade de vida e o humor entre os idosos durante a pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). Objetivo Determinar os impactos subjetivos do treinamento cognitivo computadorizado no humor, na frequência de esquecimento, nas queixas de memória, e na qualidade de vida em idosos utilizando uma plataforma online. Métodos Ao todo, 66 idosos participantes do programa USP 60 +, oferecido à terceira idade pela Universidade de São Paulo, e inscritos voluntariamente no estudo, foram selecionados e randomizados em uma razão de 1:1 em 2 grupos: grupo treinamento (n = 33) e grupo controle (n = 33). Após assinarem o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes responderam a um protocolo que incluía um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Queixas de Memória (Memory Complaints Questionnaire, MAC-Q), A Escala de Frequência de Esquecimento de McNair e Kahn, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15), o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, GAI), e –o questionário de Controle, Autonomia, Autorrealização e Prazer (Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure, CASP-19). A plataforma de jogos cognitivos de treinamento visou estimular diversos aspectos cognitivos, incluindo memória, atenção, linguagem, funções executivas (raciocínio, raciocínio lógico) e habilidades visuais e espaciais. Resultados Na comparação pré e pós-teste, os participantes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução nas pontuações do MAC-Q, da escala McNair e Kahn e do GAI. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às pontuações totais da escala MAC-Q no pós-teste também foram evidenciadas pela regressão logística. Conclusão A participação em uma intervenção cognitiva computadorizada promoveu reduções nas queixas de memória, frequência de esquecimento e sintomas de ansiedade, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida autorrelatada.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic use of fluoxetine on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and tissue changes in rats. A total of 192 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: S, 0.9% saline solution; F, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine; SM, 0.9% saline solution with orthodontic movement; and FM, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine with orthodontic movement. After 30 days of daily saline or fluoxetine administration, an orthodontic device (25cN) was used to mesially displace the first molar in animals of the groups SM and FM. The animals were euthanized 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement of the orthodontic appliances and animals of groups S and F were euthanized at the same time. The assessment of tooth movement was made in gypsum castings, the collagen neoformation was assessed by polarization microscopy, the number of osteoclasts and root resorption were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and presence of hyalinized areas was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluoxetine did not affect the amount of tooth displacement, percentage of collagen, number of osteoclasts, and presence of hyalinized areas (P>0.05). There was a higher frequency of root resorption areas in the FM group than in the SM group only on the second day (P<0.05). The findings of this study show that chronic use of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine does not affect the amount of tooth movement, collagen neoformation, number of osteoclasts, or hyalinized areas and does not affect root resorption until the last day of orthodontic movement.

BACKGROUND Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV-1 through -4). Among the four serotypes, DENV-4 remains the least studied. Acute kidney injury is a potential complication of dengue generally associated with severe dengue infection. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the alterations caused by experimental dengue infection in the kidney of adult BALB/c mice. METHODS In this study, BALB/c mice were infected through the intravenous route with a DENV-4 strain, isolated from a human patient. The kidneys of the mice were procured and subject to histopathological and ultrastructural analysis. FINDINGS The presence of the viral antigen was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. Analysis of tissue sections revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout the parenchyma. Glomerular enlargement was a common find. Necrosis of tubular cells and haemorrhage were also observed. Analysis of the kidney on a transmission electron microscope allowed a closer look into the necrotic tubular cells, which presented nuclei with condensed chromatin, and loss of cytoplasm. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Even though the kidney is probably not a primary target of dengue infection in mice, the inoculation of the virus in the blood appears to damage the renal tissue through local inflammation.

COVID-19 is currently the most critical disease in the world. Thus, several tools have been used in the last two years to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this perspective, Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides valuable data by including symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals and anticipating clinical cases. For 37 weeks, the SARS-CoV-2 viral load was monitored in sanitary sewage samples from Goiânia-Brazil. Through pre-concentration, extraction, and purification of viral RNA, followed by RT-qPCR, it was detected in 83.78% (31/37) of the weeks the presence of fragments of the genetic material SARS-CoV-2 with viral loads ranging from 105 to 108 genome copies L-1. The viral load in the wastewater samples was related to the clinical data of the municipality, demonstrating its ability to promote an Early Warning System (EWS). In early 2022, it was possible to predict the increase in clinical cases 3 weeks in advance and issue an alert note to the health authorities. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.5% and showed good agreement with observed values. Thus, monitoring effluents become another essential tool that can help combat the pandemic’s advance, especially in countries with scarce resources.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

Abstract The aim of this scoping review was to provide sufficient information about the effectiveness of ozone gas in virus inactivation of surfaces and objects under different environmental conditions. The review was performed according to the list of PRISMA SrC recommendations and the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews. The review was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF). EMBASE (Ovid), Lilacs, LIVIVO, MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science were primary sources, and “gray literature” was searched in OpenGray and OpenThesis. A study was included if it reported primary data on the effect of ozone gas application for vehicle-borne and airborne virus inactivation. No language or publication date restriction was applied. The search was conduct on July 1, 2020. A total of 16,120 studies were screened, and after exclusion of noneligible studies, fifteen studies fulfilled all selection criteria. Application of ozone gas varied in terms of concentration, ozone exposure period and the devices used to generate ozone gas. Twelve studies showed positive results for inactivation of different virus types, including bacteriophages, SARS-CoV-2 surrogates and other vehicle-borne viruses. Most of the studies were classified as unclear regarding sponsorship status. Although most of the population has not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19, disinfection of environments, surfaces, and objects is an essential prevention strategy to control the spread of this disease. The results of this Scoping Review demonstrate that ozone gas is promising for viral disinfection of surfaces.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relacionar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos com a qualidade de vida de mães de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus. Método: Estudo transversal analítico, realizado em um centro de reabilitação de Goiânia, região central do Brasil. Foram utilizados um questionário de perfil sociodemográfico e clínico e o World Health Organization Quality of Life. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos testes Mann-Whitney; Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do Post hoc de Dunnett e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 30 mães de crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus, com média de idade de 30,57 ± 6,67 anos. As mães que tinham companheiro, atividade de lazer, que utilizavam carro como meio de transporte e que tinham filho com a síndrome congênita com microcefalia, tiveram melhor qualidade de vida (p<0,05). Conclusão: A qualidade de vida dessas mães teve relação com aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos, o que sugere necessidade de mais políticas públicas específicas para esta população.

ABSTRACT Objective: To relate sociodemographic and clinical aspects to the quality of life of mothers of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study, conducted in a rehabilitation center in Goiânia, central region of Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical profile questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life were used. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney tests; Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunnett’s Post hoc; and Spearman’s correlation. Results: The sample consisted of 30 mothers of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome, with a mean age of 30.57 ± 6.67 years. Mothers who had a partner, leisure activity, who used a car as a means of transport and who had a child with congenital syndrome with microcephaly had a better quality of life (p<0,05). Conclusion: The quality of life of these mothers was related to sociodemographic and clinical aspects, which suggests the need for more specific public policies for this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relacionar aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos con la calidad de vida de madres de niños con síndrome congénito del virus del Zika. Método: Estudio analítico transversal, realizado en un centro de rehabilitación en Goiânia, región central de Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario de perfil sociodemográfico y clínico y el World Health Organization Quality of Life. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney; Kruskal-Wallis, seguida de Posthoc de Dunnett; y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 30 madres de niños con síndrome congénito del virus del Zika, con una edad promedio de 30.57 ± 6.67 años. Las madres que tenían pareja, actividad de ocio, que usaban el automóvil como medio de transporte y que tenían un hijo con síndrome congénito con microcefalia tenían una mejor calidad de vida (p <0,05). Conclusión: La calidad de vida de estas madres se relacionó con aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos, lo que sugiere la necesidad de políticas públicas más específicas para esta población.

Abstract Background The relationship between Multidrug Resistant-Gram Negative Bacteria (MDR-GNB) infection and colonization in critically ill COVID-19 patients has been observed, however, it is still poorly understood. This study evaluated the risk factors for acquiring MDR-GNB in patients with severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods This is a nested case-control study in a cohort of 400 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with COVID-19, hospitalized in the ICU of 4 hospitals in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Cases were critical COVID-19 patients with one or more MDR GNB from any surveillance and/or clinical cultures were taken during their ICU stay. Controls were patients from the same units with negative cultures for MDR-GNB. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Results Sixty-seven cases and 143 controls were included. Independent risk factors for MDR bacteria were: male gender (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.28‒5.33; p = 0.008); the hospital of admission (OR = 3.24; 95% CI 1.39‒7.57; p = 0.006); mechanical ventilation (OR = 25.7; 95% CI 7.26‒91; p < 0.0001); and desaturation on admission (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.27‒5.74; p = 0.009). Conclusions Male gender, desaturation, mechanical ventilation, and the hospital of admission were the independent factors associated with MDR-GNB in patients in the ICU with COVID-19. The only modifiable factor was the hospital of admission, where a newly opened hospital posed a higher risk. Therefore, coordinated actions toward a better quality of care for critically ill COVID-19 patients are essential.

BACKGROUND Black fungi of the Herpotrichiellaceae family are agents of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. There are few therapeutic options for these infections and it is common to associate antifungal drugs in their treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pathogen Box® for possible compounds presenting synergism with antifungal drugs used to treat black fungal infections. METHODS An initial screening of the Pathogen Box® compounds was performed in combination with itraconazole or terbinafine at sub-inhibitory concentrations against Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Hits were further tested against eight Herpotrichiellaceae using the checkerboard method. FINDINGS No synergism was observed with terbinafine. MMV687273 (SQ109) and MMV688415 showed synergism with itraconazole against F. pedrosoi. Synergism of these compounds was confirmed with some black fungi by the checkerboard method. SQ109 and itraconazole presented synergism for Exophiala dermatitidis, F. pedrosoi, F. monophora and F. nubica, with fungicidal activity for F. pedrosoi and F. monophora. MMV688415 presented synergism with itraconazole only for F. pedrosoi, with fungicidal activity. The synergic compounds had high selectivity index values when combined with itraconazole. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These compounds in combination, particularly SQ109, are promising candidates to treat Fonsecaea spp. and E. dermatitidis infections, which account for most cases of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar radiograficamente a existência de sinais de soltura precoce das artroplastias totais de joelho não cimentadas Score (Amplitude Surgical SAS, Valence, France), verificadas com um tempo de seguimento que variou de 2 a 5,75 anos (média de 3,75 anos). Métodos Investigação longitudinal descritiva de caráter observacional, não comparativa, realizada através de estudo radiográfico estático de controle anual, de uma série de casos, em um único centro, todos operados pelo mesmo cirurgião (S.M.). Foram incluídas todas as artroplastias não cimentadas que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão realizadas no período de março de 2012 a outubro de 2014. Resultados Dentre as 46 artroplastias de joelho não cimentadas avaliadas em 40 pacientes, não foram verificados sinais radiográficos de soltura precoce. Conclusão A artroplastia não cimentada promove ótima osteointegração, não havendo soltura precoce, sendo fundamental que a técnica cirúrgica seja perfeitamente respeitada.

Abstract Objective Radiographic evaluate if there are signs of early loosening of the cementless total knee arthroplasties Amplitude-Score® (Amplitude Surgical SAS, Valence, France), checking with a follow-up time ranging from 2 to 5.75 years (mean of 3.75 years). Methods Descriptive longitudinal investigation of observational nature, non-comparative, through a static radiographic study of annual control, of a case series, in a single center, all operated on by the same surgeon (S.M.). All cementless arthroplasties that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria performed from March 2012 to October 2014 were included. Results Among the 46 cementless knee arthroplasties evaluated in 40 patients, no radiographic signs of early loosening were verified. Conclusion Cementless arthroplasty promotes optimal osteointegration, with no early release, and it is essential that the surgical technique is perfectly respected.

Media coverage about science and the Unified Health System (SUS) during COVID-19 is analyzed, in the light of the computerized society. These subjects are daily in the media, justified by the population's interest in the exploration of scientific themes and in SUS-s actions to tackle the pandemic. Today the Information and Communication Technologies are new actors providing space for debate; the need to propose quick responses to an increasingly connected society are emerging. The growing presence and appreciation of scientific evidence, the importance and challenges of SUS in the media are highlighted, despite the interest of part of society in spreading false news that generate misinformation on the network. In addition to reporting on actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19, scientists are daily demanded by the media, to produce robust narratives, to disseminate scientific knowledge that prove successful sanitary measures, to offer clarifications regarding distorted or fanciful information and to disseminate SUS´s responses to face this health and humanitarian crisis. Staying present in the media should be a goal for scientists, scientific societies and SUS leaders, with the clarity of the importance of disseminating science, combating obscurantism and expanding popular support for our universal health system.

Analisa-se a cobertura midiática sobre ciência e Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) durante a COVID- 19, à luz da sociedade informatizada. Nota-se a presença dessas pautas no cotidiano, justificada pelo interesse da população na exploração dos temas científicos e na atuação do SUS no enfrentamento à pandemia. Hoje, diante do grande espaço de debates proporcionado pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, surgem novos atores e necessidades de proposição de respostas rápidas a uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada. Ressalta-se a crescente presença e valorização de evidências científicas, da importância e dos desafios do SUS na mídia, apesar do interesse de parcela da sociedade em difundir notícias falsas que geram desinformação na rede. Ademais de informar sobre ações para evitar a propagação da COVID-19, cientistas cotidianamente são demandados pela mídia, para produzir narrativas robustas, divulgar conhecimentos científicos que comprovam medidas sanitárias exitosas, oferecer esclarecimentos a respeito de informações distorcidas ou fantasiosas e divulgar as respostas do SUS diante desta crise sanitária e humanitária. Manter-se presente na mídia deve ser uma meta para cientistas, sociedades científicas e lideranças do SUS, com a clareza da importância de disseminar a ciência, combater o obscurantismo e ampliar a sustentação popular ao nosso sistema universal de saúde.

ABSTRACT Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent alternative strategies to reduce the cost and increase the production of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) seedlings associated with different substrates. This study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating PSM and AMF in different substrates for cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) culturing. The experiment was installed with a completely randomized design, using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four inoculation treatments (PSM, AMF, PSM + AMF, and Control - absence of inoculation), and two soils substrates (pure sandy substrate and mixed substrate). The substrates and microorganism had influence in cagaita seedling growth. The pure substrate conferred better performance of plant growth parameters. In this substrate, cagaita seedlings had higher stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume and root dry weight. The cultivation of seedlings in pure substrate inoculated with AMF and PSM provided greater Mo content in the leaves. The higher root volume of cagaita seedlings was obtained with the inoculation of PSM. A sandy substrate seems to be the most adequate for the cultivation of cagaita seedlings. In addition, co-inoculation provides higher Fe, Mg, and K content in the leaves, as this work showed.

RESUMEN Los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato (PSM) y los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) representan estrategias alternativas para reducir el costo y aumentar la producción de plántulas de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) asociadas a diferentes sustratos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de PSM y HMA en diferentes sustratos para el cultivo de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica). El experimento se instaló con un diseño completamente al azar, utilizando un esquema factorial 4 × 2, con cuatro tratamientos de inoculación (PSM, HMA, PSM + HMA y Control - ausencia de inoculación), y dos sustratos de suelo (sustrato arenoso puro y sustrato mixto). Los sustratos y microorganismos influyeron en el crecimiento de las plántulas de cagaita. El sustrato puro propició un mejor desempeño de los parámetros de crecimiento de las plantas. En este sustrato, las plántulas de cagaita presentaron mayor diámetro de tallo, masa fresca y seca de brotes, volumen de raíz y masa seca de la raíz. El cultivo de plántulas en sustrato puro inoculadas con HMA y PSM proporcionó mayor contenido de Mo en las hojas. El mayor volumen de raíces de plántulas de cagaita se obtuvo con la inoculación de PSM. Un sustrato arenoso parece ser el más adecuado para el cultivo de plántulas de cagaita. Además, la coinoculación proporciona un mayor contenido de Fe, Mg y K en las hojas, como mostró este trabajo.

HIGHLIGHTS Brachiaria brizantha proved to be a promising biomass for ethanol production. Fermentation was not impaired by the inhibitors furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural.