Resumo: Introdução: Os processos formativos na educação médica possuem fatores estressores e possíveis desencadeadores de transtornos mentais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão nos estudantes de Medicina durante o distanciamento social devido à pandemia pela Covid-19. Método: Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal entre maio a junho de 2020, com estudantes de Medicina das instituições de ensino superior do estado de Pernambuco, no Brasil. Elaborou-se um questionário on-line por meio do Google Forms contendo características sociodemográficas e clínicas, e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (EHAD). Para análise estatística, realizou-se análise multivariada, e calcularam-se a razão de risco (RR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), considerando o coeficiente de significância p < 0,05. Resultado: As variáveis associadas ao maior risco de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade foram sexo feminino, diminuir/aumentar o hábito de fumar, aumentar/não alterar o consumo de medicamentos, diminuir/não praticar lazer, não preparação da universidade para o ensino a distância (EAD), ter EAD antes da pandemia e diminuição do rendimento escolar comparado aos períodos anteriores. Quanto à depressão, observaram-se os seguintes fatores: maior risco para aumentar/não alterar o uso de medicamentos, diminuir a prática de lazer, universidade não ter se preparado para o EAD, diminuição do rendimento escolar e cor de pele parda. Conclusão: Identificaram-se diferentes fatores relacionados aos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão no período de distanciamento social causado pela pandemia da Covid-19.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical training involves stressors and possible triggers of mental disorders. Objective: Our study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in medical students during social distancing measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2020 among medical students from higher education institutions in Pernambuco state, Brazil. An online questionnaire was created using Google Forms containing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (EHAD). For statistical analysis, multivariate analysis was performed and the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, considering the significance coefficient (p) <0.05. Result: The variables associated with a higher risk of anxiety signs and symptoms were female gender, decreasing/increasing smoking habit, increasing/not changing drug consumption, decreasing/not practicing leisure, lack of preparation by the university for distance learning, distance learning in place before the pandemic and decline in academic performance compared to previous periods. As for depression, there was a greater risk of increasing/not changing the use of medications, decreasing leisure time, university not being prepared for distance learning, declining academic performance and brown skin colour. Conclusion: Different factors related to the signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression were identified in the period of social distancing resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar a frequência de sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em pacientes sintomáticos para COVID-19 e avaliar os fatores associados. Métodos: entre maio / junho de 2020, foi realizado um estudo transversal prospectivo com participantes sintomáticos para COVID-19 (n = 300). Foi aplicado um questionário online e o DASS-21 para avaliar a saúde mental dos participantes. Resultados: observou-se que 28,6%, 29,7% e 27% dos participantes apresentaram sintomas graves/extremos para estresse, ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. A realização do teste para a COVID-19 constituiu-se como fator de proteção para o desenvolvimento de sintomatologia psíquica, uma vez que mostrou associação significativa nas baixas frequências de depressão grave/extrema [odds ratio (OR)]= 0,26; p=0,002) e de estresse (OR=0,39; p=0,01). Conclusão: os indivíduos sintomáticos para COVID-19 constituem um grupo vulnerável que podem apresentar elevada sintomatologia para depressão, ansiedade e estresse. A identificação da frequência de morbidade psiquiátrica e seus fatores associados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de saúde mental visando a prevenção e mitigação do impacto psicológico na população sintomática de COVID-19 durante a pandemia.

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in symptomatic patients for COVID-19. To evaluate the associated factors involved in these variants. Methods: between May/June of 2020, it was conducted a prospective cross-section study with symptomatic participants for COVID-19 (n=300). It was applied an online questionnaire and the DASS-21 to evaluate the mental health of participants. Results: it was observed that 28.6%, 29.7% and 27% of the participants showed severe/extreme levels symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The testing for COVID-19 application had constituted a protective factor for the development of psychiatric morbidity, once it had shown significant association in the low frequencies of severe/extreme depression [Odds Ratio (OR)]= 0.26; p=0.002) and stress (OR=0.39; p=0.01). Conclusion: individuals that are symptomatic for COVID-19 are a vulnerable group that may present high symptomatology for depression, anxiety, and stress. The identification of psychiatric morbidity frequency and its associated factors may contribute for the development of mental health strategies aiming at the prevention and mitigation of psychological impact in COVID-19 symptomatic population during the pandemic.

Resumo Objetivos: determinar a frequência e os fatores associados aos sinais e sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão grave/extremos em pacientes diabéticos durante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Métodos: realizou-se estudo de corte transversal em abril/maio de 2020 que incluiu 162 indivíduos com diabetes mellitus e maiores de 18 anos. Aplicou-se um questionário online divulgado nas mídias sociais, sendo composto por características biológicas, sociodemográ-ficas, clínicas e a Escala de Estresse, Ansiedade e Depressão (DASS-21). Para análise estatística foi aplicado modelo de regressão logística multivariado com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: encontrou-se frequência de 37,7%, 43,3% e 45,1% para qualquer sinal e sintoma de estresse, ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. Os fatores associados a sinais e sintomas psíquicos graves/extremos foram: não ter religião (estresse, ansiedade e depressão); estar na graduação (estresse e ansiedade);antecedente de ansiedade e/ou depressão (ansiedade e depressão); não realizar ou ter diminuído exercícios físicos, iniciado, aumentado ou mantido medicações para dormir (estresse); história de contato com caso suspeito da COVID-19; ausência ou diminuição de lazer (ansiedade) e sexo feminino, ausência de companheiro, diminuição da renda familiar e do trabalho ou estudo (depressão). Conclusão: a frequência de transtornos psíquicos foi maior que a descrita na literatura em pacientes diabéticos, sendo associada a fatores biológicos, sociodemográficos, clínicos e aspectos relacionados à COVID-19 durante a pandemia.

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency and factors associated with severe / extreme signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in April /May 2020, which included 162 individuals with diabetes mellitus and over 18 years old. An online questionnaire was applied on social networks, composed of biological, sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Scale (DASS-21). For statistical analysis, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied with a 5% significance level. Results: frequency of 37.7%, 43.3% and 45.1% were found for some symptom of stress, anxiety and depression, respectively. The factors associated with sign and symptoms of severe / extreme psychic disorders were: not having religion (stress, anxiety and depression); be at graduation (stress and anxiety); history of anxiety and depression (anxiety and depression); not practicing or decreasing physical exercises and starting, increased or continue taking sleeping medications (stress); history of contact with a suspected case of COVID-19, absence or decreased leisure (anxiety); female gender, absence of a partner, decreased family income and work or study (depression). Conclusion: the frequency of psychological disorders was higher than described in the literature on diabetic patients, being associated with biological, sociodemographic, clinical factors and aspects related to COVID-19 during the pandemic

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the performance of telemonitoring in detecting clinical and psychological needs and adherence to the protective measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in addition to providing remote assistance for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a public university center in Brazil. Subjects and methods: Telemonitoring protocol included phone calls and e-mails. Patients were asked to rate COVID-19-like symptoms, psychological symptoms, epidemiological issues, and adherence to diabetes management (insulin, exercise, and diet) using a 0-to-10 scale. An e-mail address and phone number were offered for further contact if needed. Clinical, demographic, and laboratorial data from the consultations before the pandemic were collected from medical records. Results: Among 321 patients with a previously scheduled consultation over the first 15 weeks of social distancing, 237 (73.8%) could be successfully contacted. Of these, 207 (87.3%) were exclusively evaluated by telemonitoring (190 only by phone or text message and 17 who were also reached by email), and 30 (12.7%) patients attended the consultation for medical reasons detected during the telephone screening. Overall, 44 (18.5%) patients reported COVID-19-like symptoms. One (2.3%) patient was hospitalized and subsequently died. Psychological symptoms were reported by 137 (60.4%) patients and 30 (12.7%) required remote psychological assistance. Appropriate social distancing was performed by 203 (87.9%) patients, and 221 (97.8%) referred use of masks. Conclusions: Telemonitoring T1D patients during the pandemic helped reduce the need for in-person consultations, detect clinical and psychological needs, and offer support to patients in addition to monitoring suspected COVID-19 cases and the adherence to protective measures.

Resumo Objetivos: revisar a literatura disponível sobre os aspectos gerais dainfecção por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura realizada nos meses de março asetembro de 2020. Resultados: a COVID-19, causada pelo novo coronavírus ou SARS-CoV-2, cresce com efeitos devastadores em todo o mundo. A literetura descreve dados epidemiológicos e sobre grupos de riscos para mortalidade da doença, a qual apresenta uma alta velocidade de trans-missão. A prevenção é a forma mais eficaz de combate à doença, persistindo ausências de fortes evidências sobre o tratamento. Vacinas ainda não estão disponíveis A dexametasona é efetiva para redução da mortalidade nas formas graves. Conclusão: apesar dos grandes esforços, à medida que o número de casos confirmados aumenta, evidências sobre transmissão, incidência, evolução da doença, letalidade, efeitos e os desfechos permanecem limitados e sem grandes níveis de evidência. Estudos ainda são necessários sobre todos os aspectos da doença.

Abstract Objectives: to review the available literature on the general aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion. Methods: this is a narrative literature review carried out from March to September 2020. Results: COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2, grows with devas-tating effects worldwide. The literature describes epidemiological data and mortality risk groups of the disease, which presents a high rate of transmission. Prevention is the most effective way to fight the disease, persisting the absence of strong evidence on the treatment. Vaccines are not yet available. Dexamethasone is effective in reducing mortality in severe forms. Conclusions: despite great efforts, as the number of confirmed cases increases, evidence on transmission, incidence, disease progression, lethality, effects and outcomes remain limited and without any high levels of evidence. Studies are still necessary for all aspects of the disease.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as their associated factors, among Brazilians during social distancing. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in April/May 2020 with 3,200 Brazilians over 18 years old. Respondents’ sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an online questionnaire, which also included the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess emotional symptoms. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS Our results show the prevalence of severe/extreme stress was 21.5%, anxiety 19.4%, and depression 21.5%. In the final model, sociodemographic, clinical, and Covid-19-related factors were associated with severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression in Brazilians during social distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We found the main factors associated with severe/extreme depression to be young women, brown, single, not religious, sedentary, presenting reduced leisure activities, history of anxiety and depression, increased medication use, and Covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION This study may help develop and systematically plan measures aimed to prevent, early identify, and properly manage clinical signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as their associated factors, among Brazilians during social distancing. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in April/May 2020 with 3,200 Brazilians over 18 years old. Respondents’ sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an online questionnaire, which also included the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess emotional symptoms. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS Our results show the prevalence of severe/extreme stress was 21.5%, anxiety 19.4%, and depression 21.5%. In the final model, sociodemographic, clinical, and Covid-19-related factors were associated with severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression in Brazilians during social distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We found the main factors associated with severe/extreme depression to be young women, brown, single, not religious, sedentary, presenting reduced leisure activities, history of anxiety and depression, increased medication use, and Covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION This study may help develop and systematically plan measures aimed to prevent, early identify, and properly manage clinical signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Resumo Objetivos: revisar a literatura disponível sobre a COVID-19 e seus aspectos maternos e perinatais. Métodos: urna revisão narrativa de literatura foi realizada nos meses de março a setembro de 2020, utilizando os descritores, coronavirus, Covid 19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, gravidity, pregnancy complications e pregnancy complications infectius. Foram incluidos todos os desenhos de estudo, revisões, recomendações e notas técnicas, sem distinção de idioma e que trouxessem a abordagem do novo coronavírus no cenárlo gestacional e perinatal. Resultados: a pandemia de COVID-19 vem apresentando efeitos devastadores, acometendo milhões depessoas e ceifando quase um milhão de vidas em todo o mundo. Inicialmente as gestantes não er am vistas como grupo de risco para a doença, porém na medida em que aumentou a proporção de mulheres acometidas durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal diversos estudos foram publicados demostrando risco aumentado de complicações. Estudos brasileiros também alertaram para um número elevado de mortes maternas, associados à presença de comorbidades, mas, sobretudo, aos determinantes sociais da doença e a falhas graves da assistência. Conclusão: observou-se a necessidade de novos estudos com adequado delineamento de pesquisa, pois muitos estudos são apenas cartas ou pequenas séries de casos, além de recomendações de especialistas, sem o rigor científico necessário.

Abstract Objectives: reviewing the available literature on COVID-19 infection and the maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: this is a narrative review of the literature carried out from March to September 2020, usingthe MESH: coronavirus, Covid 19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, gravidity, pregnancy complications and pregnancy complications infectius. All study designs, reviews, recommendations and technical notes were included, without distinction of language and that would bring the approach of the new coronavirus in the gestational and perinatal scenario. Results: the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects, affecting millions of people and claiming almost a million lives worldwide. Initially, pregnant women were not seen as a risk group for the disease, however as the proportion of women affected during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle increased, several studies were published showing an increased risk of complications. Brazilian studies have also warned of a high number of maternal deaths, associated with the presence of comorbidities but, above all, with the social determinants of the disease and serious failures in care. Conclusion: the need for new studies with an adequate research design was observed, as many studies are only letters or small series of cases, in addition expert recommendations, without the necessary scientific rigor.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar um instrumento de coleta de dados para pacientes onco-hematológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. Métodos: estudo metodológico que objetivou construir um instrumento de coleta de dados consistente cientificamente para avaliar pacientes hematológicos. Foram cinco etapas: identificação dos indicadores empíricos, avaliação dos indicadores empíricos por grupo focal, construção do instrumento, validação de conteúdo por juízes e validação clínica. Construído com base na Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Horta, ajustada por Garcias e Cubas. Resultados: o instrumento construído contém dados de identificação do paciente, percepção e expectativas relacionadas à doença, avaliação das necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais. Atingiu IVC de 95%, assegurando a validade de conteúdo do instrumento e teste alfa de Cronbach com confiabilidade de 0,93. Conclusões: o instrumento constitui-se em uma tecnologia válida para auxiliar o enfermeiro na coleta de dados e poderá servir como ferramenta para a assistência, ensino e pesquisa em enfermagem onco-hematológica.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate a data collection instrument for onco-hematological patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. Methods: methodological study that aimed to build a scientifically consistent data collection instrument to evaluate hematological patients. There were five stages: identification of empirical indicators, evaluation of empirical indicators by focus group, construction of the instrument, content validation by judges and clinical validation. Built based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs of Horta, adjusted by Garcias and Cubas. Results: the built instrument contains data on patient identification, perception and expectations related to the disease, assessment of psychobiological, psychosocial and psychospiritual needs. It reached 95% CVI, ensuring the instrument’s content validity and Cronbach’s alpha test with a reliability of 0.93. Conclusions: the instrument is a valid technology to assist nurses in data collection and may serve as a tool for onco-hematological nursing care, teaching and research.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar instrumento de recopilación de datos para pacientes oncohematológicos en tratamiento quimioterápico en ambulatorio. Métodos: estudio metodológico objetivó construir un instrumento de recopilación de datos consistente científicamente para evaluar pacientes hematológicos. Fueron cinco etapas: identificación de indicadores empíricos, evaluación de esos por grupo focal, construcción del instrumento, validez de contenido por jueces y validez clínica. Construido basado en Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Horta, ajustada por Garcias y Cubas. Resultados: el instrumento construido contiene datos de identificación del paciente, percepción y expectativas relacionadas a la enfermedad, evaluación de necesidades psicobiológicas, psicosociales y psicoespirituales. Atingió IVC de 95%, asegurando la validez de contenido del instrumento y test alfa de Cronbach con confiabilidad de 0,93. Conclusiones: el instrumento se constituye en una tecnología válida para auxiliar el enfermero en la recopilación de datos y podrá servir como herramienta para la asistencia, enseñanza e investigación en enfermería oncohematológica.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se as recomendações de ingestão proteica para obesos em ventilação mecânica invasiva são suficientes para promover balanço nitrogenado positivo ou em equilíbrio. Métodos Estudo transversal que analisou 25 obesos adultos, em ventilação mecânica invasiva e submetidos à terapia nutricional enteral hiperproteica (2,0-2,5g/kg de peso ideal). Variáveis clínicas, nutricionais e bioquímicas foram analisadas. O balanço nitrogenado foi realizado após a oferta plena da nutrição enteral e classificado como: positivo quando ingestão maior que excreção; negativo quando excreção maior que ingestão; neutro quando ambas foram iguais. Resultados As características dos pacientes avaliados foram idade 64,1±9,4 anos, índice de massa corporal 36,5±5,1kg/m2, tratamento clínico 88%, balanço nitrogenado 0,3g/dia (-5,3 a 4,8g/dia), ingestão proteica 2,1g/dia (2,0-2,3g/kg) de peso ideal. Dos indivíduos analisados, 52% apresentaram balanço nitrogenado positivo ou neutro com mediana de 4,23g/dia (2,41 a 6,40g/dia), comparado ao grupo com balanço negativo -5,27g/dia (-10,38 a -3,86g/dia). Adultos apresentaram maior proporção de balanço nitrogenado negativo (57,1%) do que idosos (44,4%), respectivamente, com ingestão proteica semelhante de 2,0 versus 2,1g/dia. Não foi observada correlação entre balanço nitrogenado e variáveis analisadas. Conclusão A terapia nutricional enteral hiperproteica promoveu um balanço nitrogenado positivo ou neutro em cerca de metade dos obesos em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Com ingestão proteica semelhante, idosos apresentaram maior proporção de balanço positivo ou neutro do que adultos. O balanço nitrogenado pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores e por esse motivo mais estudos são necessários para identificar diferentes necessidades proteicas em pacientes obesos críticos.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate if the protein intake recommendations for obese critically ill requiring mechanical ventilation are sufficient to promote a positive or neutral nitrogen balance. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 25 obese, ≥18 years old, undergoing mechanical ventilation and who were target to receive high-protein enteral nutrition therapy (2.0-2.5g/kg ideal body weight). Clinical, nutritional and biochemical variables were analyzed. Nitrogen balance was performed when patient was receiving full enteral nutrition therapy and was classified: positive when intake was greater than excretion; negative when excretion was greater than intake; neutral when both were equal. Results The characteristics of patients evaluated were 64.1±9.4 years old, clinical treatment 88%, body mass index 36.5±5.1kg/m2, nitrogen balance 0.3g/day (-5.3 to 4.8g/day), protein intake 2.1g/day (2.0-2.3g/kg) ideal body weight. Of individuals analyzed, 52% showed positive or neutral nitrogen balance with median of 4.23g/day 2.41 to 6.40g/day) in comparison to negative group with median of -5.27g/day (-10.38 to -3.86g/day). Adults had higher ratio of negative nitrogen balance (57.1%) than elderly (44.4%), with protein intake of 2.0 versus 2.1g/day, respectively. No correlation was found between nitrogen balance and variables assessed. Conclusion High-protein enteral nutrition therapy contributed to positive or neutral nitrogen balance for approximately half of obese ventilated individuals. With similar protein intake, elderly showed a higher proportion of positive or neutral nitrogen balance. Nitrogen balance can be influenced by various factors, so further studies are required to identify different protein needs in obese critically.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da nifedipina utilizada na tocólise sobre os parâmetros maternos e fetais. Métodos: estudo de coorte incluindo 40 gestantes admitidas na enfermaria de alto risco para inibição do trabalho de parto prematuro entre setembro/2010 a maio/2012. Utilizou-se a nifedipina sublingual na dose de ataque de 20mg e uma manutenção de 20mg por via oral a cada seis e oito horas. As variáveis avaliadas foram os batimentos cardio-fetais (BCF), frequência cardíaca materna (FCM), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e índice de líquido amniótico (ILA). Todas as variáveis foram avaliadas antes da administração da nifedipina e aproximadamente após 6h e cada 24h até alta hospitalar. Resultados: não houve modificação dos BCF (p=0,48) e da PAS (p=0,29). A FCM aumentou após 24h, mas sem significância estatística (p=0,08) retornando a níveis similares ao da admissão com 48h. A PAD diminuiua partir de 6h (p = 0,04)até 72h, mantendo-se constante. O ILA diminuiu significativamente em 24h, 48h e 72h. Conclusão: a utilização de altas doses de nifedipina para tocóliseocasio na diminuição dos níveis pressóricos diastólicos maternos e consequentemente diminuição do ILA, mas provavelmente sem repercussões clínicas.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effects of nifedipine with tocolysis under maternal and fetal parameters. Methods: a cohort study with 40 pregnant women admitted at a high-risk pregnancy ward to inhibit premature labor between September/2010 to May/2012. Nifedipine was used as a 20mg sublingual attack dose and maintained 20mg every six and eight hours orally. The variables of the analysis were fetal heart rate (FHR), maternal heart rate (MHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and amniotic fluid index (AFI). All the variables were evaluated prior to administrating nifedipine and approximately after 6 hours and every 24 hours, until hospital discharge. Results: there were no modification of the FHR (p=0.48) and the SBP (p=0.29). The MHR increased after 24 hours, but with no statistical difference (p=0.08), returning to similar levels as at admission within 48 hours. The DBP decreased at 6 (p=0.04) to 72 hours, being stable afterwards. The AFI decreased significantly at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Conclusions: the use of high doses of nifedipine with tocolysis causes a decrease of the maternal’s diastolic blood pressure and consequently decreases the amniotic fluid index, but probably without any clinical repercussions.

RESUMO: O presente estudo foi conduzido para investigar a soroprevalência em 20 fazendas de criação extensiva de ovinos quanto à presença de anticorpos para Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) e Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA) foi utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos contra C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. Observou-se que C. pseudotuberculosis apresentou a maior prevalência na região (34,07%), com presença estatisticamente significante (p <0,05) nas categorias de ovelha. Anticorpos contra T. gondii foram encontrados em 14,91% dos animais estudados. Sobre a coinfecção de C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii, as categorias carneiro apresentaram diferenças significativas (p <0,05), sugerindo que esse gênero poderia perpetuar as doenças nos rebanhos. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre as doenças na região em estudo facilitaria a execução de medidas profiláticas, principalmente contra as doenças que apresentam riscos à saúde pública e causam danos ao produtor.

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate in 20 extensive sheep farms for the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) and Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. It was observed that C. pseudotuberculosis showed the highest prevalence in the region (34.07%) with statistically significant presence (p<0.05) in ewes. Antibodies to T. gondii was reported in 14.91% of the animals studied. About C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii coinfection the categories of rams showed significant (p<0.05) differences, suggesting that this gender could perpetuate the diseases in the flocks. It was concluded that the knowledge about the diseases in the region under study would facilitate the execution of prophylactic measures, especially against the diseases that pose risks to the public health and cause damages to the producer.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the presence of clinical and radiographic sequelae in primary teeth affected by dental trauma and its association with age at the time of trauma in children attended at a Public Higher Education Institution. Material and Methods: This is a longitudinal clinical study, in which 229 patients with history of dental trauma in primary teeth were examined, totaling 390 traumatized teeth. Relative frequency analysis was used, and for associations, the Chi-square test was used to verify the relationship of age at the time of trauma with variables such as type of trauma. Results: The most prevalent age group was over 24 months, and fall from own height as the main etiological factor; 71.0% of traumas had involvement of 2 teeth, 9.5% had history of anterior trauma and 66.6% of traumas involved supporting tissues. Regarding the type of injury to dental tissue, the most prevalent was enamel fracture (58.3%) and to periodontium, lateral dislocation (30.8%). Children older than two years had less trauma related to dental tissue (p<0.01), higher number of injuries to the periodontium (p=0.03); and most of them did not present extra-oral changes associated with trauma (p=0.01). During the 12-month period, 325 teeth were examined, and the most frequent clinical sequelae observed was crown discoloration. In the radiographic evaluation, inflammatory root resorption was the most prevalent. Conclusion: Children older than two years presented more injuries to the periodontium. After 12 months, the main clinical sequelae observed was enamel discoloration and the main radiographic sequelae was inflammatory root resorption.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study describes the occurrence of triatomines, and their positivity for trypanosomatids, in a residential complex in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. METHODS: Triatomines were collected through direct capture in a home environment. Positivity analysis for trypanosomatids was performed by PCR assays. RESULTS Collected insects consisted of 31 Rhodnius robustus, 4 Rhodnius montenegrensis, and 1 Panstrongylus geniculatus specimens. All were adults, with no presence of domiciliation, and with an infection rate of 30.6%. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are recommended in other locations of Rio Branco in order to develop a georeference database of the occurrence of triatomines in urban areas.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION This study aimed to confirm the occurrence of Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus in the state of Acre, Brazil. METHODS The four specimens of P. rufotuberculatus were obtained from the entomological collection of the Zoobotanical Park of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC). RESULTS Confirmation of the occurrence of this species in the state of Acre increases the number of species already registered, from nine to ten. CONCLUSIONS The necessity to develop further studies was verified, especially with the domiciliary process of P. rufotuberculatus, resulting in tracing prophylactic measures against the vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi.