Abstract The growth in the amount of waste from the industry and the urban environments has motivated the realization of research aimed at its use in infrastructure works. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte the scheelite mineral is exploited, which is a source for obtaining the rare chemical element Tungsten, which has important industrial applications. Its beneficiation process causes a high generation of waste and environmental damage resulting from the formation of waste piles. Thus, within this context, the present work presents an analysis of the use of scheelite mining waste associated with three types of soils from deposits in three regions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Based on data from particle size analysis of these materials, mixtures with increments of 20%, 40% and 60% of scheelite waste, by mass, associated with the three soils, were analyzed. The results showed that the mixture with the best granulometric composition for pavement base layers is composed of the coarsest soil among the soils evaluated with 20% waste, according to international standards of AASHTO and ASTM, and according to the national DNIT standard.

Resumo O crescimento da quantidade de resíduos provenientes da indústria e do meio urbano tem motivado a realização de pesquisas visando o seu aproveitamento em obras de infraestrutura. No estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Norte ocorre a exploração do mineral scheelita, que é fonte de obtenção do raro elemento químico tungstênio, que apresenta importantes aplicações industriais. O seu processo de beneficiamento provoca uma elevada geração de resíduos e danos ambientais decorrentes da formação de pilhas de resíduos. Assim, nesse contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma análise do aproveitamento dos resíduos da mineração de scheelita associados a três tipos de solos provenientes de jazidas de três regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com base em dados de análises granulométricas desses materiais, foram analisadas misturas com incrementos de 20%, 40% e 60% de resíduos de scheelita, em massa, associados aos três solos. Os resultados mostraram que a mistura com melhor composição granulométrica para camadas de base de pavimentos é composta pelo solo mais grosso entre os solos avaliados com 20% de resíduo, conforme normas internacionaisda AASHTO e ASTM econforme norma nacional do DNIT.

ABSTRACT. This study examined the inclusion of untreated or urea-ammoniated CGT on the chemical composition, pH, gas, and effluent losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), and aerobic stability of elephantgrass silage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement represented by three levels of inclusion of CGT during ensiling (0, 5, or 10%) and three levels of ammoniation of CGT with urea before ensiling (0, 4 or 8% for 28 days), using four replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test, considering a 5% significance level. The pH and DM, NDIN, ADIN, NDF and ADF contents of the silages increased (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of CGT, regardless of ammoniation. The lowest (p < 0.05) effluent loss was achieved using 10% of CGT ammoniated with 8% urea. In contrast, the elephantgrass silage exhibited the lowest (p < 0.05) gas loss and the greatest (p < 0.05) DMR. The inclusion of CGT compromised the aerobic stability of the silage. Therefore, the inclusion of CGT - either untreated or ammoniated - in the ensiling of elephantgrass is not recommended.

Abstract The Lepidoptera family Saturniidae is commonly utilized as a bioindicator for ecosystem monitoring. During six years of sampling, the study explored the dynamics of the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, species richness, Pielou equity, dominance, and abundance ecological parameters under the effect of seasonality. The research took place in the Atlantic Forest remnants at Vale Natural Reserve in Linhares, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Blacklight traps were used to collect the samples. 1,445 specimens were collected and classified into four subfamilies, 30 genera, and 48 species. There is a large difference in richness and abundance due to temperature in different seasons. When the temperature drops, the abundance declines. When comparing years, equitability and dominance are not significant. During periods of more rainfall, there is a higher abundance of species (richness). Despite variations in abundance and diversity throughout the years, the Saturniidae are known for their low resistance and strong resilience.

Resumen La familia Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera), es comúnmente la más utilizada como bioindicador en el monitoreo de ecosistemas. Durante seis años de muestreo, el estudio exploró la dinámica de los parámetros ecológicos de riqueza de especies, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, equidad de Pielou, dominancia y abundancia, bajo el efecto de la estacionalidad. Se desarrolló en los remanentes de la Mata Atlántica en la Reserva Natural Vale en Linhares, Estado de Espirito Santo, Brasil. Se utilizaron trampas de luz negra para recolectar las muestras. Se recolectaron 1.445 especímenes representados en cuatro subfamilias, 30 géneros y 48 especies. En los diferentes períodos estacionales, se encontró una gran diferencia en riqueza y abundancia debido a la temperatura, por lo tanto, cuando bajaba la temperatura, la abundancia disminuía. Al comparar los seis años de muestreo, la equidad y el dominio no fueron significativos. Durante los períodos de mayor precipitación, hubo una mayor abundancia de especies (riqueza). A pesar de las variaciones en abundancia y diversidad a lo largo de los años, los Saturniidae son conocidos por su baja resistencia y fuerte resiliencia.

ABSTRACT Two new Penicillium species are reported from soil of an agroforestry system and an Atlantic Rainforest fragment in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Using a polyphasic approach, combining partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences and morphological characters, Penicillium gercinae sp. nov. (section Ramigena, series Georgiensia), and Penicillium stangiae sp. nov. (section Lanata-Divaricata, series Dalearum) are described. Descriptions based on morphological features are provided. Penicillium gercinae is phylogenetically closely related to P. georgiense; however, P. gercinae does not grow on Czapek yeast extract (CYA) and has monoverticillate and biverticillate conidiophores. Penicillium stangiae is phylogenetically closely related to P. penarojense and P. vanderhammenii. As diagnostic features, P. stangiae had slower growth on CYA (28-30 mm in 7 days) and on DG18 (6-7 mm in 7 days) and lacked the production of acid on creatine agar. This research contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the taxonomy and diversity of Penicillium species in Brazil.

RESUMO O presente artigo analisou as contribuições da alternância pedagógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na perspectiva de docentes e discentes, por meio da experiência de implantação do curso Técnico subsequente em Agropecuária em regime de alternância pedagógica do Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Cametá. A pesquisa consistiu em pesquisa-ação e valeu-se de ferramentas, como análise documental, aplicação de questionários semiestruturados e observação participante em diferentes momentos do processo de condução do curso. Os resultados demonstraram que, para os docentes, as principais contribuições atribuídas à alternância são a possibilidade de uma formação contextualizada com a realidade local e o estreitamento da relação teoria-prática propiciada pela articulação entre tempo-escola e tempo-comunidade. Os discentes destacaram a maior motivação gerada pela alternância, por possibilitar-lhes ver-se como profissionais ainda durante a formação.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the contributions of the pedagogical alternation in the teaching-learning process, from the perspective of teachers and students, from the experience of implementing the subsequent Technical course in Agriculture under the pedagogical alternation regime of the Instituto Federal do Pará, Cametá campus. The research consisted of action research and made use of tools such as document analysis, application of semi-structured questionnaires and participant observation at different times in the process of conducting the course. The results showed that, for teachers, the main contributions attributed to alternation are the possibility of a contextualized training with the local reality and the greater theory-practice relationship provided by the articulation between school time and community time. The students highlight the greater motivation generated by the alternation, as it allows them to see themselves as professionals even during training.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza las contribuciones de la alternancia pedagógica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes, desde la experiencia de implementar el curso técnico posterior en Agricultura bajo el régimen de alternancia pedagógica del Instituto Federal del Pará, campus Cametá. La investigación consistió en investigación de acción y herramientas utilizadas como el análisis de documentos, la aplicación de cuestionarios semiestructurados y la observación participante en diferentes momentos del proceso de realización del curso. Los resultados mostraron que, para los docentes, las principales contribuciones atribuidas a la alternancia son la posibilidad de una capacitación contextualizada con la realidad local y la mayor relación teoría-práctica proporcionada por la articulación entre el tiempo escolar y el tiempo comunitario. Los estudiantes destacan la mayor motivación generada por la alternancia, ya que les permite verse a sí mismos como profesionales durante el entrenamiento.

Abstract The bug Cynodonmiris corpoicanus inhabit the Cundiboyacense High Plateau in Colombia feeding on grasses (Poaceae). The authors carry out their life cycle in greenhouse and characterize the damage on oat (Avena sativa) leaves. The duration egg - adult last 49.3 days and undergo five nymphal stages. The morphometric study was conducted by principal component analysis (PCA) and 2.03 PAST software. This method let to determine measures for nymphal stages separation, furthermore we consider coloration, morphology and morphometric description. A key for nymphal stages determination was developed by morphometric and morphology diagnostic characters. Also, we include illustrations of the C. corpoicanus nymphal stages.

Resumen La chinche Cynodonmiris corpoicanus habita en el Altiplano Cundiboyacense de Colombia donde se alimenta de pastos (Poaceae). Los autores realizaron su ciclo de vida en casa de malla y caracterizaron el daño ejercido sobre las hojas de avena (Avena sativa). La duración de huevo a adulto fue de 49,3 días y atraviesa por cinco estadios ninfales. El estudio morfométrico se condujo mediante el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y el programa 2.03 PAST. Este método permitió la determinación de medidas para la separación de los estadios de las ninfas, además se consideró su coloración, morfología y descripción morfométrica. Se desarrolló una clave para la determinación de los estadios de ninfa a través de caracteres diagnósticos morfológicos y morfométricos. También se incluyen ilustraciones de los diferentes estadios de las ninfas de C. corpoicanus.

Resumo Os aspectos macroscópicos, histológicos e moleculares de Sarcocystis spp. foram examinados nos tecidos de dois bovinos e quatro ovinos, 16 e oito fragmentos analisados, respectivamente, condenados no matadouro. Todas as 24 amostras foram coletadas e analisadas para detecção de macrocistos e lesões macroscópicas. Posteriormente, subdivididas para exame direto, reação em cadeia da polimerase e exame histopatológico. Todas as amostras de tecidos de ovelha apresentavam cistos grosseiramente visíveis, caracterizados como brancos, de redondos a ovais e estruturas variando de 0,3 a 1 cm de diâmetro. Em contraste, os tecidos de bovinos não apresentavam cistos grosseiramente visíveis, mas tinham focos branco-amarelos com contornos irregulares, distribuídos aleatoriamente. Todas as amostras de bovinos e ovinos apresentavam cistos microscópicos. No exame histológico de tecidos ovinos foram observadas estruturas basofílicas circulares a alongadas, encapsuladas, variando de 30 a 3.000 µm de comprimento e 20 a 1.000 µm de largura dentro das fibras do músculo esquelético. Nos tecidos de bovinos, todos os quatro fragmentos de músculo cardíaco analisados continham estruturas basofílicas circulares a alongadas, dentro dos cardiomiócitos e em algumas fibras de Purkinje. PCRs foram realizadas utilizando-se os "primers" 2L e 3H. Em conclusão, todos os 24 tecidos estavam infectados com Sarcocystis spp., sendo S. gigantea (em ovinos) e S. cruzi (em bovinos) as espécies identificadas por sequenciamento.

Abstract The macroscopic, histological, and molecular aspects of Sarcocystis spp. were examined in the tissues of two cattle and four sheep, 16 and eight fragments analyzed respectively, condemned in the slaughterhouse. All 24 samples were collected and analyzed for detecting macrocysts and macroscopic lesions. Subsequently, subdivided for direct examination, polymerase chain reaction and histopathological examination. All sheep tissues samples had grossly white round to oval tissue cysts, ranging from 0.3 to 1 cm in diameter. In contrast, cattle tissues did not present grossly visible cysts but had randomly distributed white-yellow foci with irregular contours. All samples from cattle and sheep had microscopic cysts. In the histological examination of sheep tissues, circular to elongated, encapsulated, basophilic structures ranging from 30 to 3,000 µm in length and 20 to 1,000 µm in width were observed within the skeletal muscle fibers. In cattle tissues, all cardiac muscle four fragments analyzed contained circular to elongated basophilic structures inside cardiomyocytes and in some Purkinje fibers. PCR were performed using the primers: 2L and 3H. In conclusion, all 24 tissues were infected with Sarcocystis spp., and S. gigantea (in sheep) and S. cruzi (in cattle). were the identified species by sequencing.

ABSTRACT A literature-based checklist of species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces recorded in the Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga), the largest tropical dry forest region in South America, is provided. A total of 130 species (60 Aspergillus, 57 Penicillium, and 13 Talaromyces) are reported. Soil was the most common substrate, with 122 species records. Various reported species are well known in biotechnological processes. This checklist reflects the limited knowledge of fungal species in tropical dry environments. These data provide a good starting point for biogeographical studies on species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces in dry environments worldwide. In addition, the new species Penicillium vascosobrinhous is introduced, an endophytic fungus isolated from cactus of the Caatinga forest in Brazil.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to develop a methodology to obtain the enriched fraction of ram seminal vesicle protein 14 (RSVP14). The study was developed using Morada Nova rams, from which semen samples were collected weekly. Seminal plasma proteins were precipitated with cold ethanol, and then 6.15 mg/mL of total proteins were subjected to liquid gelatin affinity chromatography using a Gelatin-Sepharose matrix coupled to an automated chromatographic system. Proteins were eluted into four fractions (A, B, C, and D), in which A and B contained non-gelatin-binding proteins, and C and D fractions contained gelatin-binding proteins. Gels were analyzed by Quantity One software, in which five protein bands were detected in fraction D, with molecular weights between 12 and 30 kDa. The gelatin-binding proteins (fraction D) were loaded into a HiTrap™ Heparin HP affinity column. Two chromatographic fractions were separated (D1 and D2), in which D1 contained non-heparin-binding proteins, and D2 contained heparin-binding proteins. Proteins from the last two peaks were subjected to 12.5% SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. Two bands with molecular weight of 14 and 24 kDa, contained in fraction D1, were excised from gel and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry, identifying the proteins RSVP14 and RSVP24. Thus, the chromatographic methods of the present study are efficient to capture the enriched fraction of RSVP14.

ABSTRACT Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky, Malvaceae, was evaluated in experimental models of inflammation and toxicity. For toxicity assays, male and female Swiss mice were orally treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (2000 mg/kg) and analyzed by consumption of water and food, body weight, mortality and rates of major organ weights, as well as biochemical and hematological indexes. For anti-inflammatory effect, phlogistic agents such as carrageenan or acetic acid were used to evaluate paw edema, cell migration and cytokine production. It was also investigated the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae in RAW 264.7 macrophage lineage by nitric oxide and cytokine productions. Swiss mice treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae showed low toxicity and (50 or 100 mg/kg) was able to reduce significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) polymorphonuclear cell migration, TNF-α and IL-1β production in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. However the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) did not reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema. Additionally, hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae did not present cytotoxicity at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 µg/ml but induced significantly decrease of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophage lineage. This study suggests that hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cell migration mainly by decreasing the inflammatory cytokine levels at the inflamed site independently of the anti-edematogenic effect.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado em quatro cepas de mosquitos Aedes aegypti da cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, com o intuito de avaliar os perfis de atividade enzimática e correlacioná-los com os mecanismos bioquímicos de resistência a inseticidas. Mosquitos foram utilizados para quantificar as seguintes enzimas de detoxificação: oxidase de Função Mista (MFO), PNPA-esterase (PNPA-EST) e acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Os perfis das populações foram comparados estatisticamente com os da cepa Rockefeller por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e do de comparações múltiplas de Dunn (p < 0,05). O percentil 99 dos valores de atividade enzimática da cepa referência foi calculado para cada enzima, e o percentual de indivíduos acima desse valor foi quantificado. As atividades enzimáticas foram classificadas como “Inalterada” (< 15%), “Alteração Identificada” (> 15% e < 50%), e “Substancialmente Alterada” (> 50%). A análise estatística revelou diferenças significativas nos perfis de MFO e AChE, que são fundamentais na determinação de perfis de resistência a inseticidas. Três populações foram classificadas como “Substancialmente Alteradas” para MFO. Os níveis alterados de atividade enzimática demonstram que essa mudança pode desempenhar um importante papel na resistência a inseticidas.

Abstract This study was conducted in four strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to evaluate the enzymatic activity profiles in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, and correlate them with biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. Mosquitos were used to quantify the following detoxification enzymes: Mixed-Function Oxidase (MFO), PNPA-esterase (PNPA-EST), and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The profiles were compared statistically with profiles from the Rockefeller strain, through the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). The 99 percentile of the values of enzyme activity from the reference strain was calculated for each enzyme, and the percentage of individuals above the 99 percentile was quantified. The enzyme activities were classified as “Unchanged” (< 15%), “Identified change” (> 15% and < 50%), and “Substantially changed” (> 50%). The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the MFO and AChE profiles, which are fundamental in the determination of profiles of resistance to insecticides. Three populations were classified as “Substantially changed” for MFO. The altered enzymatic activity showed that the changes could have an important role in exposing resistance to insecticides.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado em quatro cepas de mosquitos Aedes aegypti da cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, com o intuito de avaliar os perfis de atividade enzimática e correlacioná-los com os mecanismos bioquímicos de resistência a inseticidas. Mosquitos foram utilizados para quantificar as seguintes enzimas de detoxificação: oxidase de Função Mista (MFO), PNPA-esterase (PNPA-EST) e acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Os perfis das populações foram comparados estatisticamente com os da cepa Rockefeller por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e do de comparações múltiplas de Dunn (p < 0,05). O percentil 99 dos valores de atividade enzimática da cepa referência foi calculado para cada enzima, e o percentual de indivíduos acima desse valor foi quantificado. As atividades enzimáticas foram classificadas como “Inalterada” (< 15%), “Alteração Identificada” (> 15% e < 50%), e “Substancialmente Alterada” (> 50%). A análise estatística revelou diferenças significativas nos perfis de MFO e AChE, que são fundamentais na determinação de perfis de resistência a inseticidas. Três populações foram classificadas como “Substancialmente Alteradas” para MFO. Os níveis alterados de atividade enzimática demonstram que essa mudança pode desempenhar um importante papel na resistência a inseticidas.

Abstract This study was conducted in four strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to evaluate the enzymatic activity profiles in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, and correlate them with biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. Mosquitos were used to quantify the following detoxification enzymes: Mixed-Function Oxidase (MFO), PNPA-esterase (PNPA-EST), and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The profiles were compared statistically with profiles from the Rockefeller strain, through the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). The 99 percentile of the values of enzyme activity from the reference strain was calculated for each enzyme, and the percentage of individuals above the 99 percentile was quantified. The enzyme activities were classified as “Unchanged” (< 15%), “Identified change” (> 15% and < 50%), and “Substantially changed” (> 50%). The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the MFO and AChE profiles, which are fundamental in the determination of profiles of resistance to insecticides. Three populations were classified as “Substantially changed” for MFO. The altered enzymatic activity showed that the changes could have an important role in exposing resistance to insecticides.

RESUMOA irrigação e a adubação nitrogenada são práticas de manejo que apresentam resultados positivos para a cultura do milho. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura e lâminas de irrigação sobre as características agronômicas de milho doce. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em duas épocas de cultivo (inverno/primavera e verão/outono), em parcelas subdivididas, tendo-se nas parcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação (50 %, 75 %, 100 % e 125 % da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e nas subparcelas quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 e 300 kg ha-1), aplicadas nos estádios V3 e V8, via ureia, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o teor de nitrogênio foliar, profundidade de raízes, altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, produtividade de espigas e eficiência do uso da água. No inverno/primavera, a adubação nitrogenada não afetou a produtividade, enquanto, no verão/outono, a dose que maximizou a produtividade foi de 300 kg ha-1. O milho doce apresentou melhores resultados quando irrigado com reposições de 50 % e 125 % da ETc, respectivamente no verão/outono e inverno/primavera.

ABSTRACTIrrigation and nitrogen fertilization are management practices that have positive results for the corn crop. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on agronomic traits of sweet corn. Two experiments were carried out in two crop seasons (winter/spring and summer/autumn), in a split-plot design, with the main plots consisting of four irrigation levels (50 %, 75 %, 100 % and 125 % of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and subplots consisting of four nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1and 300 kg ha-1), applied at the V3 and V8 stages, via urea, in a randomized blocks design experiment, with four replications. Leaf nitrogen content, root depth, plant height, stem diameter, ear yield and water use efficiency were evaluated. In the winter/spring season, nitrogen fertilization did not affect yield, while in the summer/autumn season the dose that maximized yield was 300 kg ha-1. Sweet corn showed better results when irrigated with replacements of 50 % and 125 % of ETc, respectively in the summer/autumn and winter/ spring seasons.

Pimelodus mysteriosus Azpelicueta 1998, previamente conhecida apenas das bacias do baixo rio Paraná e do rio Paraguai, foi também registrada na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. As únicas congêneres que ocorrem em sintopia com P. mysteriosus na bacia do alto rio Paraná são P. maculatus e P. ornatus. Novos caracteres diagnósticos entre P. mysteriosus e P. maculatus são fornecidos.

Pimelodus mysteriosus Azpelicueta 1998, previously known only from the lower Paraná and Paraguay River basins, has been also recorded in the upper Paraná River floodplain. The only congeners occurring in syntopy with P. mysteriosus in the upper Paraná River basin are P. maculatus and P. ornatus. New diagnostic characters between P. mysteriosus and P. maculatus are provided.