Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) affects the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine. One of the mechanisms involved in its etiology is oxidative stress (OS), directly involved in the inflammatory process characteristic of UC. The Campsiandra laurifolia, known as acapurana, was described as possessing antioxidant properties. We used 24 male Wistar rats, divided into control (CO), control + acapurana (CO + A), colitis (CL), and colitis + acapurana (CL + A) groups. This study performed histological analysis, measuring anal sphincter pressure (ASP) and lipoperoxidation (LPO). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. The expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The statistical analysis used was the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test; values were expressed as mean ± standard error, and the significance level was p < 0.05. In the animals of the CL group, we observed the destruction of the crypts and the presence of mucosal ulcers, edema, and submucosal inflammatory infiltrate, as well as increased damage to the intestinal mucosa, reduced ASP, increased LPO and SOD activity, reduced GSH levels, and increased expression of NFκB and iNOS. The administration of C. laurifolia in the CL + A group was shown to cause regeneration of crypts, reduction of inflammatory infiltrate, reduction of damage to the intestinal mucosa, increase in ASP, and reduction in LPO with the restoration of SOD activity and GSH levels. The immunohistochemistry of NFκB and iNOS was significantly reduced. Therefore, the C. laurifolia aqueous extract appears to exert an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in rats with AA-induced colitis.

ABSTRACT Background: The American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is expanding in peri-urban environments. Methods: An entomological survey was conducted in the area of the occurrence of an autochthonous urban case of ACL. Sandflies and a parasitological slide of the human case were submitted for molecular diagnosis. Results: Nyssomyia whitmani and Ny. antunesi were the most frequently collected species. Ny. whitmani and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata were positive for Leishmania guyanensis and L. lainsoni, respectively. The human case tested positive for L. lainsoni. Conclusions: Sandflies and Leishmania parasites present in urban forest may occur frequently in nearby domiciliary environments; thus, these areas must be monitored.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar opiniões e atitudes de profissionais da rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência em 10 municípios brasileiros. Estudo transversal quantitativo, realizado mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com os participantes de oficinas realizadas nos municípios em estudo, totalizando 438 sujeitos. Realizou-se análise descritiva com distribuição de frequências, análise bivariada e análise de correspondência. O número de profissionais que atenderam casos suspeitos é maior do que o número dos que atenderam casos confirmados de violência contra a mulher. Menos da metade dos profissionais que atenderam casos suspeitos adotou alguma atitude frente a eles. A adoção de alguma atitude pelos profissionais foi mais comum - embora também abaixo da metade para a maioria das ações - diante dos casos confirmados. Subnotificação ocorre nos casos suspeitos e nos casos confirmados. A maioria dos entrevistados considera ser papel do setor saúde desenvolver ações de prevenção da violência contra a mulher, com elevada proporção de respostas deixadas em branco. Conclui-se que falta muito para que a atenção à mulher em situação de violência seja devidamente ofertada; os profissionais rotineiramente encaminham mais do que abordam os casos, notificam pouco, não se sentem capacitados e, às vezes, sequer se veem como responsáveis por essa atenção.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze opinions and attitudes of professionals of the network of care to women in violence situation in 10 Brazilian cities. It is a quantitative cross-sectional study, carried out through semi-structured interviews with the participants of the workshops in these cities, totaling 438 individuals. A descriptive analysis was performed with frequency distributions, bivariate analysis and correspondence analysis. The number of professionals working on the suspected cases is higher than the number of those working on the confirmed cases of violence against women. Less than half of the professionals who attended the suspected cases has taken action on the matter of the fact. The adoption of some attitudes by the professionals was more common - even also being less than half of the majority of actions - in the face of the confirmed cases. Underreporting occurs in suspected cases and confirmed cases. Most of the interviewed people consider to be responsibility of the public health sector to develop preventing actions toward violence against women, with a high rate of unanswered cases. It is concluded that there is a long way for care to women in violence situation to be properly offered; professionals routinely refer more than address the cases, they poorly report them, they do not feel qualified, and sometimes do not even see themselves as the responsible for this care.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar opiniões e atitudes de profissionais da rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência em 10 municípios brasileiros. Estudo transversal quantitativo, realizado mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com os participantes de oficinas realizadas nos municípios em estudo, totalizando 438 sujeitos. Realizou-se análise descritiva com distribuição de frequências, análise bivariada e análise de correspondência. O número de profissionais que atenderam casos suspeitos é maior do que o número dos que atenderam casos confirmados de violência contra a mulher. Menos da metade dos profissionais que atenderam casos suspeitos adotou alguma atitude frente a eles. A adoção de alguma atitude pelos profissionais foi mais comum - embora também abaixo da metade para a maioria das ações - diante dos casos confirmados. Subnotificação ocorre nos casos suspeitos e nos casos confirmados. A maioria dos entrevistados considera ser papel do setor saúde desenvolver ações de prevenção da violência contra a mulher, com elevada proporção de respostas deixadas em branco. Conclui-se que falta muito para que a atenção à mulher em situação de violência seja devidamente ofertada; os profissionais rotineiramente encaminham mais do que abordam os casos, notificam pouco, não se sentem capacitados e, às vezes, sequer se veem como responsáveis por essa atenção.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze opinions and attitudes of professionals of the network of care to women in violence situation in 10 Brazilian cities. It is a quantitative cross-sectional study, carried out through semi-structured interviews with the participants of the workshops in these cities, totaling 438 individuals. A descriptive analysis was performed with frequency distributions, bivariate analysis and correspondence analysis. The number of professionals working on the suspected cases is higher than the number of those working on the confirmed cases of violence against women. Less than half of the professionals who attended the suspected cases has taken action on the matter of the fact. The adoption of some attitudes by the professionals was more common - even also being less than half of the majority of actions - in the face of the confirmed cases. Underreporting occurs in suspected cases and confirmed cases. Most of the interviewed people consider to be responsibility of the public health sector to develop preventing actions toward violence against women, with a high rate of unanswered cases. It is concluded that there is a long way for care to women in violence situation to be properly offered; professionals routinely refer more than address the cases, they poorly report them, they do not feel qualified, and sometimes do not even see themselves as the responsible for this care.

Populações de frangos de corte foram simuladas utilizando-se o programa GENESYS, com o objetivo de avaliar a seleção com base no método da melhor predição linear não-viesada (BLUP - best linear unbiased prediction), a seleção individual para três tamanhos efetivos de população e três sistemas de acasalamento dos reprodutores selecionados. Simulou-se um genoma constituído de uma característica quantitativa, com valor de herdabilidade igual a 0,30, em seleção praticada durante 15 gerações consecutivas, com 30 repetições por geração. Para um mesmo tamanho efetivo e sistema de acasalamento, o BLUP foi sempre superior à seleção individual nas 15 gerações de seleção avaliadas.

Populations of broilers were simulated by using the program Genesys, in order to evaluate the selection based on BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction), and the individual selection for three effective population sizes, and three mating systems of the selected reproducers. The simulated genome was constituted by a quantitative trait, which had heritability of 0.30, in a selection made during 15 consecutive generations, and 30 cycles for generation. BLUP was always superior to the individual selection during all generations evaluated with the same effective size and mating system.