ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. Conclusions: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever e discutir intervenções e estratégias realizadas pela Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS) durante a pandemia de COVID-19 para atenuar prejuízos no aprendizado e preservar a saúde de estudantes, docentes e funcionários. Relato de experiência: a metodologia de ensino usada pela FPS é a aprendizagem baseada em problemas, que facilitou a não descontinuidade das atividades teóricas realizadas presencialmente em sessões tutoriais que envolvem um docente e dez a 12 estudantes, que foram transferidas para salas de Webex Meetings de forma remota. As atividades de laboratórios práticas foram suspensas e retomadas quando permitido no mês de julho. As atividades de ambulatório de ensino (terceiro e quarto ano) foram suspensas e retomadas em agosto. Os dois anos de internato sofreram interrupção de 30 dias (quinto ano) e 15 dias (sexto ano). As atividades externas de práticas em atenção primária também foram suspensas e retomadas gradativamente. Todas as avaliações e atividades que necessitavam reuniões presenciais: integrações, orientações de programa de iniciação científica, reuniões colegiadas, reuniões da comissão própria de autoavaliação foram e estão sendo realizadas de forma remota. Conclusões: acreditamos que conseguimos minimizar os prejuízos no aprendizado dos estudantes sem comprometimento de conclusão do ano letivo que foi facilitado pela metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em problemas.

Abstract Objectives: to describe and discuss interventions and strategies carried out at Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS) during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate impairment in learning and preserve students, tutors, and staff’s health. Experience report: the teaching methodology used by FPS is problem-based learning, which greatly facilitated the non-discontinuity of theoretical activities carried out in-person in tutorial sessions involving a tutor and 10 to 12 students. This format was transferred to Webex Meetings rooms and held remotely. Practical laboratory activities were suspended and resumed when allowed in July. The teaching outpatient activities (third and fourth year) were suspended and resumed in August. Two years of internship were interrupted for 30 days (fifth year) and for 15 days (sixth year). External activities of practices in primary care were also suspended and resumed gradually. All assessments and activities that required face-to-face meetings, integrations, scientific initiation program orientations, collegiate meetings, meetings of the self-assessment committee were and are being carried out remotely. Conclusions: we believe that we were able to mitigate impairment in students' learning without compromising the conclusion of the school year that was facilitated by Problem Based Learning method.

Resumo Objetivou-se conhecer sobre a relação da espiritualidade e da religiosidade no uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas, por meio da análise de publicações da última década. Foram investigados artigos indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas PePSIC, Index Psi, BDENF e LILACS, publicados em português e nos anos 2007 a 2017. Utilizaram-se os descritores “usuários de drogas”, “abuso de álcool”, “espiritualidade”, “religiosidade” e “fatores de proteção”. Selecionaram-se 13 artigos. Foram constatados efeitos protetores da espiritualidade e da religiosidade na maioria dos estudos, como: aspecto preventivo entre os adolescentes; promoção de hábitos saudáveis entre gestantes; promoção de hábitos saudáveis via comunidades religiosas; prevenção de recaídas durante o processo de desintoxicação do uso abusivo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas.

Abstract The objective of knowing about the relationship of spirituality and religiosity in the abuse of alcohol and other drugs, through the analysis of the publications of the last decade. Were investigated articles indexed in electronic databases, Index Psi PePSIC, BDENF, LILACS and published in Portuguese and in the years 2007 to 2017. Using the descriptors "drug users", "alcohol abuse", "spirituality", "religion" and "protective factors". 13 articles were selected. 13 articles were selected. Were found protective effects of spirituality and religiosity in most studies, such as: preventive aspect among teenagers; promotion of healthy habits among pregnant women; promotion of healthy habits via religious communities; relapse prevention during the process of detoxification of the abuse of licit and illicit drugs.

Abstract INTRODUCTION The relationships between phagocytosis, and mucoid phenotype, plasmid profile and virulence, and resistance genetic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were evaluated. METHODS Thirty isolates were used to determine the mucoid aspect. Four were selected for analysis of phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. RESULTS Thirty percent of the samples presented the mucoid phenotype. The phagocytosis rate ranged from 21.5% to 43.43%. Phagocytosis was not correlated with the plasmid profile, but was apparently correlated with mucoid phenotype and antibiotic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Several virulence factors act in parallel in K. pneumoniae to impair host defense.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the moderator effect of socioeconomic status in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school. METHODS: A total of 495 adolescents and their parents were interviewed. Perceived environment was operationalized in traffic and crime safety and assessed with the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Active commuting was self-reported by the adolescents, categorized in walking, bicycling or skating at least one time/week. Socioeconomic status was used as moderator effect, reported from adolescents' parents or guardians using Brazilian standardized socioeconomic status classification. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression on Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Prevalence of active commuting was 63%. Adolescents with low socioeconomic status who reported “it is easy to observe pedestrians and cyclists” were more likely to actively commute to school (PR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.03–1.13). Adolescents with low socioeconomic status whose parents or legal guardians reported positively to “being safe crossing the streets” had increased probability of active commuting to school (PR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.20), as well as those with high socioeconomic status with “perception of crime” were positively associated to the outcome (PR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.03–1.72). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status showed moderating effects in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the moderator effect of socioeconomic status in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school. METHODS: A total of 495 adolescents and their parents were interviewed. Perceived environment was operationalized in traffic and crime safety and assessed with the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Active commuting was self-reported by the adolescents, categorized in walking, bicycling or skating at least one time/week. Socioeconomic status was used as moderator effect, reported from adolescents' parents or guardians using Brazilian standardized socioeconomic status classification. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression on Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Prevalence of active commuting was 63%. Adolescents with low socioeconomic status who reported “it is easy to observe pedestrians and cyclists” were more likely to actively commute to school (PR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.03–1.13). Adolescents with low socioeconomic status whose parents or legal guardians reported positively to “being safe crossing the streets” had increased probability of active commuting to school (PR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.20), as well as those with high socioeconomic status with “perception of crime” were positively associated to the outcome (PR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.03–1.72). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status showed moderating effects in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a associação entre atividade física e autoeficácia em adolescentes. Realizou-se um estudo inquérito de base escolar com 1.698 adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. A atividade física foi avaliada segundo frequência semanal (dias/semana) de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa. A autoeficácia foi analisada segundo a soma de uma escala composta por dez itens. A associação entre autoeficácia e atividade física foi testada pela regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Entre os meninos, apenas elevada autoeficácia foi associada com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001), enquanto para as meninas níveis moderados e elevados de autoeficácia foram associados com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a autoeficácia tem associação positiva com atividade física entre adolescentes, no entanto esta relação é mais consistente entre as meninas. Este é um aspecto importante para o delineamento de intervenções para a promoção de atividade física nesse grupo populacional.

This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and self-efficacy in adolescents. A school-based survey was conducted with 1,698 adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated as weekly frequency (days per week) of moderate or vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was analyzed as the sum of a 10-item scale. The association between self-efficacy and physical activity was tested by Poisson regression (p < 0.05), stratified by gender. Among boys, only high self-efficacy was associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001), while for girls moderate and high levels of self-efficacy were associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-efficacy showed a positive association with physical activity in adolescents, although the relationship was more consistent in girls. The finding is important for designing interventions to promote physical activity in this age group.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia en adolescentes. Se realizó una investigación de base escolar, mediante una encuesta a 1.698 estudiantes adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. La actividad física se evaluó de acuerdo con la frecuencia semanal (días/semana) de práctica de actividad física con una intensidad moderada o elevada. La autoeficacia fue analizada conforme a la suma de puntos de una escala de 10 ítems. La asociación entre la autoeficacia y actividad física se probó mediante la regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Para los adolescentes solamente una actividad física elevada presentó una asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001), mientras que para las adolescentes unos niveles moderados y elevados de autoeficacia presentaron asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001). Se concluye que la autoeficacia presenta una asociación positiva con la actividad física entre los adolescentes, sin embargo, esta relación es más consistente entre las adolescentes. Este es un aspecto importante para el diseño de intervenciones en salud, con el fin de promover la actividad física en este grupo de población.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a associação entre atividade física e autoeficácia em adolescentes. Realizou-se um estudo inquérito de base escolar com 1.698 adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. A atividade física foi avaliada segundo frequência semanal (dias/semana) de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa. A autoeficácia foi analisada segundo a soma de uma escala composta por dez itens. A associação entre autoeficácia e atividade física foi testada pela regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Entre os meninos, apenas elevada autoeficácia foi associada com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001), enquanto para as meninas níveis moderados e elevados de autoeficácia foram associados com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a autoeficácia tem associação positiva com atividade física entre adolescentes, no entanto esta relação é mais consistente entre as meninas. Este é um aspecto importante para o delineamento de intervenções para a promoção de atividade física nesse grupo populacional.

This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and self-efficacy in adolescents. A school-based survey was conducted with 1,698 adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated as weekly frequency (days per week) of moderate or vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was analyzed as the sum of a 10-item scale. The association between self-efficacy and physical activity was tested by Poisson regression (p < 0.05), stratified by gender. Among boys, only high self-efficacy was associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001), while for girls moderate and high levels of self-efficacy were associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-efficacy showed a positive association with physical activity in adolescents, although the relationship was more consistent in girls. The finding is important for designing interventions to promote physical activity in this age group.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia en adolescentes. Se realizó una investigación de base escolar, mediante una encuesta a 1.698 estudiantes adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. La actividad física se evaluó de acuerdo con la frecuencia semanal (días/semana) de práctica de actividad física con una intensidad moderada o elevada. La autoeficacia fue analizada conforme a la suma de puntos de una escala de 10 ítems. La asociación entre la autoeficacia y actividad física se probó mediante la regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Para los adolescentes solamente una actividad física elevada presentó una asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001), mientras que para las adolescentes unos niveles moderados y elevados de autoeficacia presentaron asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001). Se concluye que la autoeficacia presenta una asociación positiva con la actividad física entre los adolescentes, sin embargo, esta relación es más consistente entre las adolescentes. Este es un aspecto importante para el diseño de intervenciones en salud, con el fin de promover la actividad física en este grupo de población.

A produção de uvas para mesa vem passando por alguns desafios que demandam alterações nas tecnologias de produção, devido, principalmente, à intensa necessidade de controle de doenças fúngicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da evolução da maturação da uva 'BRS Clara' enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto IAC 766 'Campinas', sob cultivo protegido produzida em safra fora de época. Os experimentos foram realizados em Uraí e Marialva (PR). Foram avaliadas semanalmente as características químicas das bagas, como teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação e pH, a partir do início da maturação até a colheita, em dois sistemas de cultivo protegido: cobertura plástica e sombrite. O delineamento experimental adotado em ambas as áreas foi o inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições. A evolução da maturação nos dois sistemas de cultivo protegido foi comparada por meio da análise de regressão. Em ambas as áreas experimentais, a cobertura plástica possibilitou a antecipação da colheita das uvas em seis dias em relação ao sombrite, considerando o teor de sólidos solúveis. Não houve influência da cobertura plástica sobre o índice de maturação das uvas.

The production of table grapes has been facing some challenges that require changes in production technologies, primarily due to the intense need to control fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ripening of 'BRS Clara' grapevines grafted on IAC 766 'Campinas' rootstock, under protected cultivation grown out of season. The experiments were performed at Uraí and Marialva, Paraná State, Brazil. The chemical characteristics of the berries such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and pH were evaluated weekly from early ripening to harvesting, in two protected cultivation systems: under plastic cover and under plastic screen. The randomized design was used as a statistical model, in both experiments, with seven replications. The berry ripening evolution was compared by means of regression analysis. In both experimental areas, the plastic cover enabled earlier grape harvest (in six days) as compared to the plastic screen, being the harvest based on the soluble solids content. The plastic cover did not modify the maturation index of the berries of 'BRS Clara'.