ABSTRACT Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a species with promising potential for commercial production; therefore, studies involving practices of conducting culture in the initial stage are essential. The present study aimed to evaluate different shading levels and substrate compositions in the seedling production of tamarind. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4×4 factorial scheme, four levels of shading (0%, 18%, 30%, and 50%) and four substrates (pine bark-based substrate pure and mixed with 50% vermiculite, and sphagnum peat-based substrate pure and mixed with 50% vermiculite), with four replicates of four seedlings. Growth and biometric relationships were evaluated at 40 and 98 d after transplantation (DAT). The results reported that seedlings formed on the sphagnum peat-based substrate on pure or associated with vermiculite at 98 DAT had a height greater than 35 cm and a total 8.5 g DM. In contrast, seedlings produced in pine bark-based substrate did not reach 20 cm in height and had less than 3 g total DM. The condition of 30% and 50% shading promoted greater growth in height, reaching an average height greater than 40 cm, while in the full sun environment, seedlings showed an average of less than 35 cm; however, for the other variables, full sun environment did not differ from 30% shading, producing good quality seedlings. Thus, the cultivation of seedlings in an environment with 0% or 30% shading, associated with the sphagnum peat-based substrate pure or mixed with 50% vermiculite promoted the production of tamarind seedlings with vigorous growth. In the best environments, the best substrates increased, on average, 41.3% number of leaves, 80.5% shoot dry mass, 56.8% root dry mass, and 71.0% total dry mass. In the best substrates, the best environments increased, on average, 18.0% number of leaves, 20.7% shoot dry mass, 8.7% root dry mass, and 14.3% total dry mass.

Abstract Vegetative propagation methods of acerola cherry are important in standardizing orchards and fruit quality, and the cutting process has been investigated as a promising alternative. The present work aimed to propose the best combination of substrate and cutting type (herbaceous and semi-woody) to provide a greater root rate and seedling development. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at the State University of Maranhão, in São Luís - MA under intermittent nebulization conditions. The cuttings with dimensions of 10 cm were treated with indole butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2,000 mg L-1, and as substrate were used vermiculite (MV), Plantmax ® (PL) (commercial substrate based on decomposed pine bark), agricultural soil + tanned and sieved bovine manure (S + M) (50% + 50%, v / v); and vegetable soil (VS) composed of fresh soil with the remains of decomposed plants (leaves, stems, bark, and tree fern). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement (2 types of cuttings x 4 substrates) with eight replications with five cuttings per plot. At 60 days after the establishment of the trial, it was concluded that the best combination for rooting cuttings was vermiculite with herbaceous cuttings because they favor a higher rooting rate (95.0%). The alternative substrate composed of soil and tanned bovine manure provided promising results in the rate of rooting (72.5%), root formation, and vegetative development of the aerial part.

Abstrac This study assesses the joint influence of capillary absorption and substrate roughness on the adhesive strength of a cementitious matrix on brick substrate. One cementitious rendering and two substrates with different water absorption and roughness were used. The capillary absorption coefficient and the roughness coefficient were determined in 1cm2 test areas to then evaluate the matrix tensile bond strength and correlate it with the properties of the substrates. The results were validated by SEM and AFM analyses. Substrates with higher capillary absorption and lower roughness presented higher tensile bond strength. Micro and nanoscale analyses led us to conclude that, in the substrates used, the higher capillary absorption and the lower roughness generate a denser and less porous paste-substrate interface, suggesting a higher extent of contact between the hydrated paste and the substrate and, consequently, higher adhesive strength.

Resumo Este estudo avalia a influência conjunta da absorção capilar e da rugosidade do substrato na adesão de uma matriz cimentícia em um bloco cerâmico. Foram usados um revestimento cimentício e dois substratos com absorção de água e rugosidade diferentes. O coeficiente de absorção capilar e o coeficiente de rugosidade da superfície foram determinados em áreas de teste de 1 cm 2 , sendo correlacionados com a resistência de aderência. Os resultados foram validados por análises de MEV e MFA. Os substratos com maior absorção capilar e menor rugosidade apresentaram maior resistência à tração. As análises em micro e nanoescala permitem concluir que, nos substratos utilizados, a maior absorção capilar e a menor rugosidade geram uma interface pasta-substrato mais densa e menos porosa, sugerindo uma maior extensão de contato entre a pasta hidratada e o substrato e, consequentemente, maior resistência de aderência.

ABSTRACT Understanding weed emergence and development aspects is essential in decision-making for management strategies. The study evaluated the effects of different sowing depths and light intensities on the emergence and development of the weeds Sida rhombifolia and Senna obtusifolia under field conditions. Each species constituted an experiment, and the experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme, with the first factor corresponding to the six sowing depths (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0, and 12.0 cm) and the second at four light intensities (100%, 70%, 50%, and 30% of sunlight). The seedling emergence was evaluated daily to obtain the emergence and emergence speed index. The height, time to floral induction, and dry matter of plants at flowering were also evaluated. When submitted to different levels of shading, S. rhombifolia seedlings emerge up to 12.0 cm deep. S. obtusifolia seedlings emerge at all sowing depths, even when subjected to different solar radiation intensities. Seedlings of S. rhombifolia and S. obtusifolia emerge less and slower in sowings between 8.0 and 12.0 cm depth and develop better under full sunlight in sowings between 1.0 and 4.0 cm depth. Therefore, greater depths delay the development of both species, which is important information for managing these weeds.

RESUMO Compreender os aspectos de emergência e desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas é essencial na tomada de decisão para estratégias de manejo. Neste trabalho foram avaliados em condições de campo, os efeitos de diferentes profundidades de semeadura e intensidades luminosas na emergência e no desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas Sida rhombifolia e Senna obtusifolia. Cada espécie constituiu um experimento e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 6 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator correspondente as seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 12,0 cm) e o segundo a quatro intensidades luminosas (100%, 70%, 50% e 30% da luz solar). Avaliou-se diariamente a emergência das plântulas para obtenção da emergência e do índice de velocidade de emergência. A altura, o tempo até a indução floral e a matéria seca das plantas no florescimento também foram avaliadas. Quando submetidas a diferentes níveis de sombreamento as plântulas de S. rhombifolia emergem em até 12,0 cm de profundidade. As plântulas de S. obtusifolia emergem em todas as profundidades de semeadura, mesmo quando submetidas a diferentes intensidades de radiação solar. As plântulas das espécies S. rhombifolia e S. obtusifolia emergem menos e em menor velocidade em semeaduras entre 8,0 e 12,0 cm de profundidade e se desenvolvem melhor em condições de luz solar plena em semeaduras entre 1,0 e 4,0 cm de profundidade. Portanto, maiores profundidades atrasam o desenvolvimento de ambas as espécies, sendo uma importante informação para o manejo dessas plantas daninhas.

ABSTRACT Non-destructive tests that use the principle of wave propagation have the potential to predict the mechanical properties of wood while still in the field, if the variables of this process are known. This work aimed to estimate the modulus of elasticity to static bending of Eucalyptus sp. wood, using two non-destructive techniques: ultrasound and stress wave. For this, 60 specimens with nominal dimensions of 2.5 x 2.5 x 57.5 cm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) were used, being in equilibrium humidity. The non-destructive tests were carried out using an ultrasound and a stress wave equipment, while the destructive static bending tests were carried out in a universal testing machine. The experimental results showed that the elastic modulus obtained by the non-destructive techniques were superior to that obtained by the destructive technique. The adjusted mathematical models presented standard error of the estimate (Syx) of 11.39 and 10.78%. There was a positive mean correlation between the static and dynamic module. Stress wave and ultrasound techniques can be used to estimate the modulus of elasticity of Eucalyptus sp.

RESUMO Os ensaios não destrutivos que utilizam o princípio de propagação de ondas têm potencial para predizer as propriedades mecânicas da madeira ainda em campo, se conhecida as variáveis deste processo. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estimar o módulo de elasticidade à flexão estática da madeira de Eucalyptus sp., por meio de duas técnicas não destrutivas: ultrassom e stress wave. Para tal foram usados 60 corpos de provas com dimensões nominais de 2,5 x 2,5 x 57,5 cm (tangencial x radial x longitudinal), estando na umidade de equilíbrio. Os testes não destrutivos foram realizados por meio de um equipamento de ultrassom e um de ondas de tensão, enquanto que os testes destrutivos de flexão estática foram realizados em uma máquina universal de ensaios. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que os módulos de elasticidade obtidos pelas técnicas não destrutivas foram superiores à obtida pela técnica destrutiva. Os modelos matemáticos ajustados apresentaram erro padrão da estimativa (Syx) de 11,39 e 10,78%. Logo, houve correlação média positiva entre o módulo estático e dinâmico. As técnicas de ondas de tensão e ultrassom podem ser empregadas com o intuito de estimar o módulo de elasticidade da madeira de Eucalyptus sp.

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world's largest guava (Psidium guajava) producing countries, but the economic performance of this crop can be negatively affected by the damage caused by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). The main methods for controlling C. capitata are based on broad-spectrum insecticide applications. However, the negative effects of using this control method stimulate the development of sustainable alternatives, such as the use of essential oils (EO). In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of EO of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) for repellency of C. capitata in Paluma guava fruits and determine their effects on postharvest fruit quality, under laboratory-controlled conditions. The fruits were treated with citronella, clove, and copaiba EO and placed in covered plastic containers attached to the ends of arenas of 20 cm diameter and 15 cm height. The fruit physical and chemical analysis was carried out based on the same oils applied in the repellent test. The C. nardus essential oil presented a greater repellency of C. capitata females. The EO applications proved to be a good strategy for maintaining the fruit post-harvest quality.

RESUMO O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores mundiais de goiaba (Psidium guajava), mas o rendimento econômico dessa cultura pode ser negativamente afetado pelos danos causados por Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Os principais métodos de controle de C. capitata são baseados em aplicações de inseticidas de amplo espectro. Porém, os efeitos negativos do uso desse controle estimulam o desenvolvimento de alternativas sustentáveis, como o uso de óleos essenciais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade repelente dos óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), cravo (Syzygium aromaticum) e copaíba (Copaifera officinalis) em fruto de goiabeiras Paluma contra C. capitata e determinar suas influências na qualidade pós-colheita desses frutos trabalhados. Em condições controladas de laboratório, os frutos foram tratados com óleos essenciais de citronela, cravo e copaíba e acondicionados em recipientes de plástico com dimensões de 20 cm de diâmetro e 15 cm de altura. A análise físico-química dos frutos foi realizada com base nos mesmos óleos aplicados no teste de repelência. O óleo essencial de C. nardus apresentou maior repelência às fêmeas de C. capitata. A aplicação de óleos essenciais, mostrou-se uma estratégia para manutenção da qualidade póscolheita.

ABSTRACT. The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 is distributed from Florida (USA) to southern Brazil. Juveniles of this species are very hardly found in the wild. H. (H.) grisea is very common on sandstone reefs in some localities from the northern coast of Brazil. Because seagrass beds are a conspicuous feature in some of these localities, the authors have speculated that juveniles live in these habitats. Following this species' reproduction period, seagrass beds adjacent to sandstone reefs were inspected in search of juveniles from December to May. Sea cucumbers were found in one of them. Individuals were collected from two areas within the seagrass bed and two areas within neighboring rocky shores, and their contracted body lengths were measured. Mean sizes were significantly smaller in the seagrass areas than in reef areas (post-hoc Tuckey test, P < 0.05). Within the seagrass bed, more than 70% of individuals were smaller than 7.5 cm, whereas 84.9 and 93.3% in the two reef areas were larger than 7.5 cm -the first report of an H. (H.) grisea population dominated by juveniles. Therefore, seagrass meadows should be looked at as possible sources of juveniles for adult populations of H. (H.) grisea in the tropical western Atlantic. Also, given the rarity of juvenile sightings for this species anywhere within its distribution range, the results are very meaningful for future research on its ecology and local and regional fishery management.

Resumo O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de agrupamento de casos para organização de serviços e linhas de cuidado. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, no campo do planejamento e organização dos serviços de saúde, que utilizou como caminho metodológico a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e a consulta a especialistas, por meio da técnica de grupo nominal. A partir da análise estratégica, foram identificados quatro grupos: MC menores; MC de abordagem cirúrgica tardia; MC de abordagem cirúrgica imediata; e MC incompatíveis com a vida. A proposição partiu da articulação dos conhecimentos da clínica, da epidemiologia e do planejamento em saúde para auxiliar no desenho e organização da atenção às malformações congênitas. A análise estratégica mostrou-se adequada e permitiu identificar grupos de casos que demandam um conjunto homogêneo de atividades assistenciais e o cuidado em serviços de saúde com perfil assistencial similar. Tal proposta pode contribuir também para o planejamento regional e a organização da rede de atenção a outros problemas e condições complexas de saúde que demandam a articulação de serviços especializados e de alta densidade tecnológica. Tratase Trata se exploratório especialistas nominal menores tardia imediata vida clínica congênitas mostrouse mostrou similar tecnológica

Abstract This paper aims at presenting a proposal for grouping cases for the organization of health services and care pathways. This is an exploratory study in the field of health services planning and management, which used, as its methodology, documentary and bibliographic research as well as interviews with specialists by using nominal group technique. From the strategic analysis, four groups were identified: smaller CM; CM with late surgical approach; CM with immediate surgical approach; and CM incompatible with life. The proposition started from the articulation of clinical, epidemiological and health planning knowledge to assist in the management and organization of congenital malformations care. The strategic analysis proved to be adequate and allowed us to identify case groups that demand a homogeneous set of care strategies and care in health services with a similar profile. This proposal can also contribute to regional planning and management of care for other complex health problems and conditions, which demand the articulation of specialized services and high technological density. pathways used methodology technique identified approach life clinical profile conditions density

Resumo O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de agrupamento de casos para organização de serviços e linhas de cuidado. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, no campo do planejamento e organização dos serviços de saúde, que utilizou como caminho metodológico a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e a consulta a especialistas, por meio da técnica de grupo nominal. A partir da análise estratégica, foram identificados quatro grupos: MC menores; MC de abordagem cirúrgica tardia; MC de abordagem cirúrgica imediata; e MC incompatíveis com a vida. A proposição partiu da articulação dos conhecimentos da clínica, da epidemiologia e do planejamento em saúde para auxiliar no desenho e organização da atenção às malformações congênitas. A análise estratégica mostrou-se adequada e permitiu identificar grupos de casos que demandam um conjunto homogêneo de atividades assistenciais e o cuidado em serviços de saúde com perfil assistencial similar. Tal proposta pode contribuir também para o planejamento regional e a organização da rede de atenção a outros problemas e condições complexas de saúde que demandam a articulação de serviços especializados e de alta densidade tecnológica.

Abstract This paper aims at presenting a proposal for grouping cases for the organization of health services and care pathways. This is an exploratory study in the field of health services planning and management, which used, as its methodology, documentary and bibliographic research as well as interviews with specialists by using nominal group technique. From the strategic analysis, four groups were identified: smaller CM; CM with late surgical approach; CM with immediate surgical approach; and CM incompatible with life. The proposition started from the articulation of clinical, epidemiological and health planning knowledge to assist in the management and organization of congenital malformations care. The strategic analysis proved to be adequate and allowed us to identify case groups that demand a homogeneous set of care strategies and care in health services with a similar profile. This proposal can also contribute to regional planning and management of care for other complex health problems and conditions, which demand the articulation of specialized services and high technological density.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that produce bioactive substances. Their treatment varies according to staging and classification, using endoscopic techniques, open surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and drugs analogous to somatostatin. AIMS: To identify and review cases of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasia submitted to surgical treatment. METHODS: Review of surgically treated patients from 1983 to 2018. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included, predominantly female (73.33%), with a mean age of 55.93 years. The most common symptom was epigastric pain (93.3%), and the mean time of symptom onset was 10.07 months. The preoperative upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) indicated a predominance of cases with 0 to 1 lesion (60%), sizing ≥1.5 cm (40%), located in the gastric antrum (53.33%), with ulceration (60%), and Borrmann III (33.33%) classification. The assessment of the surgical specimen indicated a predominance of invasive neuroendocrine tumors (60%), with angiolymphatic invasion in most cases (80%). Immunohistochemistry for chromogranin A was positive in 60% of cases and for synaptophysin in 66.7%, with a predominant Ki-67 index between 0 and 2%. Metastasis was observed in 20% of patients. The surgical procedure most performed was subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (53.3%). Tumor recurrence occurred in 20% of cases and a new treatment was required in 26.67%. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors have a low incidence in the general population, and surgical treatment is indicated for advanced lesions. The study of its management gains importance in view of the specificities of each case and the need for adequate conduct to prevent recurrences and complications.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Os tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos são um grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias produtoras de substâncias bioativas, sendo o seu tratamento variável de acordo com o estadiamento e a classificação, sendo utilizadas técnicas endoscópicas, cirurgias abertas, quimioterapia, radioterapia e fármacos análogos da somatostatina. OBJETIVOS: Identificar e revisar os casos de neoplasia neuroendócrina gástrica submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. MÉTODOS: Revisão os doentes tratados cirurgicamente de 1983 e 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 15 pacientes, com predomínio do sexo feminino (73,33%) e média de idade de 55,93 anos. O sintoma mais comum foi a epigastralgia (93,3%) e o tempo médio do início dos sintomas foi de 10,07 meses. A endoscopia digestiva pré-operatória indicou predomínio de casos com 0 a 1 lesões (60%), de tamanho ≥ 1,5 cm (40%), localizadas em antro gástrico (53,33%), com ulceração (60%), Borrmann 3 (33,33%). A avaliação da peça cirúrgica indicou um predomínio de tumores neuroendócrinos invasivos (60%), com invasão angiolinfática na maioria dos casos (80%). A imuno-histoquímica para cromogranina A foi positiva em 60% dos casos e para sinaptofisina em 66,7%, com índice de Ki-67 predominante entre 0 e 2%. Metástases foram observadas em 20% dos casos. O procedimento cirúrgico mais utilizado foi a gastrectomia subtotal com reconstrução em Y de Roux (53,3%). Recidiva tumoral ocorreu em 20% dos casos e novo tratamento foi necessário em 26,67% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: Os tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos apresentam baixa incidência na população em geral, e o tratamento cirúrgico está indicado nas lesões avançadas. O estudo de seu manejo ganha importância frente às especificidades de cada caso e a necessidade de conduta adequada para a prevenção de recidivas e complicações.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Screening for probable and confirmed sarcopenia using sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators can be a practical, cheap, and effective strategy to identify and treat older people susceptible to this condition. OBJECTIVES: To identify cutoff points for sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in screening probable and confirmed sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults in Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: Sociodemographic (age, education) and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and dominant calf circumference [DCC]) factors were considered as predictors. The outcomes were probable sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength assessed by time ≥ 15 s in the five-time sit-to-stand test) and confirmed sarcopenia (reduction in strength and muscle mass). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to analyze the ability to track sociodemographic and anthropometric variables for sarcopenia. RESULTS: In 308 older adults, WC > 91 cm in women and age > 69 years in men were useful in screening for probable sarcopenia. The variables age, weight, BMI, WC, and DCC can be used to screen for sarcopenia in older women and men. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables are simple and accessible tools for sarcopenia screening in older adults.

ABSTRACT In agricultural experimentation, use of the optimum plot size is an important way of increasing experimental precision; however, studies of this type are scarce for the chickpea, a legume that has been conquering both the market and consumers throughout the world. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimum plot size for evaluating experiments with the chickpea, in scenarios comprising combinations of the number of treatments, number of replications and levels of precision. Two blank experiments were carried out, comprising eight crop rows, 7 m in length, at a spacing of 50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants; the six central rows were evaluated, giving a total of 60 plants per row. The index of soil heterogeneity was determined, and the optimum plot size was estimated using the Hatheway method in scenarios formed by a combination of i treatments (i = 4, 8, 12 and 16), r replications (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and levels of precision (LSD = 25%, 30% and 40%). The index of soil heterogeneity was greater than 0.7 for each of the variables under evaluation. The Hatheway method makes it possible to estimate different plot sizes based on the conditions and limitations of the experimental area. In experiments with the chickpea including 4 to 16 treatments, 25% LSD and six replications, plots of 25 basic units are sufficient to identify significant differences between the mean values of the treatments with a probability of 5%.

RESUMO Na experimentação agrícola, a utilização do tamanho ótimo de parcela é uma estratégia importante, para aumentar a precisão experimental, e trabalhos desta natureza são escassos para a cultura do grão-de-bico, leguminosa que vem conquistando o mercado e consumidores em todo o mundo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho ótimo de parcela, para avaliar experimentos com a cultura do grão-de-bico, em cenários formados por combinações de números de tratamentos, números de repetições e níveis de precisão. Dois experimentos em branco foram realizados, compostos por oito linhas de cultivo, de 7 m de comprimento, espaçadas em 50 cm entre linhas e 10 cm entre plantas; foram avaliadas as seis linhas centrais, totalizando 60 plantas por linha de cultivo. Foi determinado o índice de heterogeneidade do solo e o tamanho ótimo de parcela foi estimado por meio do método de Hatheway, em cenários formados pelas combinações de i tratamentos (i = 4, 8, 12 e 16), r repetições (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8) e níveis de precisão (DMS = 25%, 30% e 40%). O índice de heterogeneidade do solo foi superior a 0,7 para todas as variáveis avaliadas. O método de Hatheway possibilita estimar diferentes tamanhos de parcelas, de acordo com as condições e limitações da área experimental. Em experimentos com o grão-de-bico, com 4 a 16 tratamentos, DMS de 25% e seis repetições, as parcelas de 25 unidades básicas são suficientes para identificar, com probabilidade de 5%, diferenças significativas entre as médias dos tratamentos.

ABSTRACT Investigating the physiological potential of seeds and genetic divergence between families is essential to identify promising materials for the generation of improved populations. This study was undertaken to examine the germination potential and estimate genetic divergence between Passiflora full-sib families (FSFs) based on physical and physiological seed traits. The experiment was consisted of 86 FSFs from the first cycle of recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Seeds were evaluated for 19 physical and physiological traits. Dissimilarity estimates were obtained by generalized Mahalanobis distance, and the method unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean was employed for cluster formation. The FSFs showed high germination potential and seed vigor, with mean of 92.4%, 5.68 e 5.81 cm for germination, germination speed index (GSI) and shoot length of seedlings, respectively. Cluster analysis resulted in four groups formed, being Group I composed by 68 FSF more the control Passiflora edulis. The trait 1,000-seed weight (TSW) was the trait that most contributed to explaining the dissimilarity between families, with 31.9%. The trait GSI (physiological), TSW (physical), as well as traits provided by the GroundEye® system (CIELab-b, hue, and circumference of seeds), were efficient in determining genetic divergence detected between the families of passion fruit. These traits can be taken as a basis in the selection of genotypes with higher physiological seed quality.

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of hospital cardiorespiratory physical therapy protocol on the functional capacity and quality of life of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods From January to December 2019, bilateral dynamometry, Manovacuometry and Ventilometry, peak expiratory flow "Peak Flow", 6-min walk test (6MWT), SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were applied in patients who have undergone an allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), pre-conditioning (initial evaluation) and pre-discharge (final evaluation). The patients were submitted to an intervention protocol, consisting of aerobic training, muscle strengthening and respiratory muscle training, between the two assessments. Results 29 patients were enrolled in the study and 24 (83%) completed all procedure. Myeloablative and reduced intensity conditioning were performed in 89.6% and 10.4%, respectively; 17 (58%) patients have undergone an autologous HSCT; 10 (35%) identical related allogeneic HSCT, and 2 (7%) haploidentical allogeneic HSCT. The median number of interventions per patient was 3 (1-9). A decreasing in the right and left dynamometry (p ≤ 0.0001 and 0.002, respectively) and, also in the distance covered in the 6MWT (p = 0.004), was observed after HSCT. There was no significant difference in respiratory muscle strength, quality of life and fatigue sensation. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation can preserve functional capacity and quality of life.