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1.
[SciELO Preprints] - Brazilian Guidelines for In-office and Out-of-office Blood Pressure Measurement – 2023
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Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães
Barroso, Weimar Kunz Sebba
Mion Júnior, Décio
Nobre, Fernando
Mota-Gomes, Marco Antonio
Jardim, Paulo Cesar Brandão Veiga
Amodeo, Celso
Camargo, Adriana
Alessi, Alexandre
Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima
Brandão, Andréa Araujo
Pio-Abreu, Andrea
Sposito, Andrei Carvalho
Pierin, Angela Maria Geraldo
Paiva, Annelise Machado Gomes de
Spinelli, Antonio Carlos de Souza
Machado, Carlos Alberto
Poli-de-Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo
Rodrigues, Cibele Isaac Saad
Forjaz, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes
Sampaio, Diogo Pereira Santos
Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte
Freitas, Elizabete Viana de
Cestário , Elizabeth do Espírito Santo
Muxfeldt, Elizabeth Silaid
Lima Júnior, Emilton
Campana, Erika Maria Gonçalves
Feitosa, Fabiana Gomes Aragão Magalhães
Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda Marciano
Almeida, Fernando Antônio de
Silva, Giovanio Vieira da
Moreno Júnior, Heitor
Finimundi, Helius Carlos
Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto
Gemelli, João Roberto
Barreto Filho, José Augusto Soares
Vilela-Martin, José Fernando
Ribeiro, José Marcio
Yugar-Toledo, Juan Carlos
Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha
Drager, Luciano Ferreira
Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido
Alves, Marco Antonio de Melo
Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar
Neves, Mario Fritsch Toros
Santos, Mayara Cedrim
Dinamarco, Nelson
Moreira Filho, Osni
Passarelli Júnior, Oswaldo
Valverde de Oliveira Vitorino, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira
Miranda, Roberto Dischinger
Bezerra, Rodrigo
Pedrosa, Rodrigo Pinto
Paula, Rogério Baumgratz de
Okawa, Rogério Toshiro Passos
Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos
Fuchs, Sandra C.
Inuzuka, Sayuri
Ferreira-Filho, Sebastião R.
Paffer Fillho, Silvio Hock de
Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga
Guimarães Neto, Vanildo da Silva
Koch, Vera Hermina
Gusmão, Waléria Dantas Pereira
Oigman, Wille
Nadruz, Wilson
Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population.
Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care.
It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations.
Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced.
Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM).
Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance.
Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial.
La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización.
Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones.
Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA.
La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA).
Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia.
Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.
A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial.
A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização.
Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações.
Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA.
A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA).
Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz).
Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento.
2.
Suicide attempt, impulsivity, and exposure to trauma in college students
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Lira, Sidnei B.
; Vieira, Flávia
; Cavalcanti, Diogo E.
; Souza-Marques, Breno
; Netto, Liana R.
; Correia-Melo, Fernanda S.
; Leal, Gustavo C.
; Pereira, Juliana L.
; Santos, Lene L.
; Guedes, Gisela M.
; Teles, Carlos A.
; Cardoso, Taiane de A.
; Miranda-Scippa, Ângela
; Kapczinski, Flavio
; Lacerda, Acioly L.T.
; Koenen, Karestan C.
; Turecki, Gustavo
; Quarantini, Lucas C.
.
Objectives: Past suicide attempt (SA) is one of the most important risk factors for suicide death. An ideation-to-action framework posits that impulsivity, potentially traumatic events, and mental disorders also play a role in increasing suicide risk. This study aimed to assess the association between trait impulsivity, lifetime exposure to trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with SA in a sample of Brazilian college students. Methods: A total of 2,137 participants filled self-reported questionnaires consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Trauma History Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian version, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be interpreted as exerting a distal effect on SA, even in the presence of other variables – such as trauma history, psychological neglect, and PTSD – which also increase the odds of SA. High and medium levels of impulsivity, history of trauma, and PTSD increased the likelihood of SA. Conclusions: Intervention strategies to prevent SA may target trait impulsivity and exposure to traumatic experiences.
3.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfection caused by the P.1 lineage in Araraquara city, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
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Romano, Camila Malta
; Felix, Alvina Clara
; Paula, Anderson Vicente de
; Jesus, Jaqueline Góes de
; Andrade, Pamela S.
; Cândido, Darlan
; Oliveira, Franciane M. de
; Ribeiro, Andreia C.
; Silva, Francini C. da
; Inemami, Marta
; Costa, Angela Aparecida
; Leal, Cibele O. D.
; Figueiredo, Walter Manso
; Pannuti, Claudio Sergio
; Souza, William M. de
; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues
; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
- Journal Metrics
ABSTRACT Reinfection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) has been reported in many countries, suggesting that the virus may continue to circulate among humans despite the possibility of local herd immunity due to massive previous infections. The emergence of variants of concern (VOC) that are more transmissible than the previous circulating ones has raised particular concerns on the vaccines effectiveness and reinfection rates. The P.1 lineage was first identified in December 2020 in Manaus city and is now globally spread. We report the first case of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 caused by the P.1 variant outside of Manaus. The potential of these new variants to escape naturally and vaccine- induced immunity highlights the need for a global vigilance.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163036
1125 downloads
4.
Faunistic analysis of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a guava orchard and semideciduous forest fragment in Central-West Region of Brazil
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Abstract The fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea), are the dipteran with greater economic importance, including pest species of various fruit crops such as guava. For the management of these pests, it is essential to know what species are present in the culture, as well as in the surrounding native vegetation, which may serve as a reservoir for these species. The objective of this research was to characterize and compare through faunistic analysis (frequency, abundance, constancy, equitativity, richness and diversity) populations of Anastrepha Schiner and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and a commercial guava orchard in a fragment of adjacent native semideciduous forest in Central-West Region of Brazil. The fruit flies were collected from January 2008 to March 2009, through McPhail traps containing 5% solution of corn syrup. A total of 4,180 fruit fly specimens were collected in the forest fragment, and 20,108 in the guava orchard. Besides C. capitata, nine species of Anastrepha were found in the forest, with A. undosa Stone occurring exclusively in this ecosystem. In the orchard, C. capitata and eleven Anastrepha species were collected, three of them exclusively found in this ecosystem: A. amita Zucchi, A. zenildae Zucchi, and A. distincta Greene. The species A. sororcula Zucchi and A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) were classified as superabundant, constant, superdominant and superfrequent in both ecosystems. The species richness and abundance were higher in the guava orchard than in the forest fragment.
Resumen Las moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritoidea), son los dípteros con mayor importancia económica, siendo consideradas especies plagas de diversos cultivos frutales como la guayaba. Para el manejo de estas plagas, es esencial saber qué especies están presentes en el cultivo, así como en la vegetación nativa circundante, que puede servir como reservorio de estas especies. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar y comparar a través de un análisis faunísticos (frecuencia, abundancia, constancia, equitatividad, riqueza y diversidad) poblaciones de Anastrepha Schiner y Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) en un huerto de guayaba comercial en un fragmento de bosque semideciduo nativo adyacente en Región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Las moscas de la fruta se recolectaron desde enero de 2008 hasta marzo de 2009, a través de trampas McPhail que contenían una solución al 5% de jarabe de maíz. Se recolecto un total de 4.180 ejemplares de moscas de la fruta en el fragmento de bosque y 20.108 en el huerto de guayaba. Además de C. capitata, se encontraron nueve especies de Anastrepha en el bosque, con A. undosa Stone exclusivamente en este ecosistema. En el huerto, se recolectaron C. capitata y once especies de Anastrepha, tres de ellas encontradas exclusivamente en este ecosistema: A. amita Zucchi, A. zenildae Zucchi y A. distincta Greene. Las especies A. sororcula Zucchi y A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) se clasificaron como superabundantes, constantes, superdominantes y superfrecuentes en ambos ecosistemas. La riqueza y abundancia de especies fue mayor en el huerto de guayabo que en el fragmento de bosque.
https://doi.org/10.35249/rche.46.1.20.04
98 downloads
5.
Cell damage induced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers on Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae)
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Signorini-Souza, Isadora de Lourdes
; Palacio-Cortés, Angela Maria
; Beltrão-Graboski, Tiago
; Richardi, Vinicius Sobrinho
; Fávaro, Luis Fernando
; Navarro-Silva, Mário Antônio
.
Abstract Histological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were observed in Chironomus sancticaroli larvae which underwent acute exposure. 2,2′,4-triBDE (BDE-17), 2,2′,4,4′-tetraBDE (BDE-47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) were evaluated at 0.5, 2.0 and 20 μg L-1. Cytoplasm vacuolisation of oenocytes was observed in the larvae exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47. Cuénot cells were disrupted at the brush border as an effect of the three evaluated congeners highlighting BDE-47 at 2.0 μg L-1; 60% of larvae displayed this disruption. The midgut showed changes in the morphology of apex cells located next to the lumen of region I exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47, while BDE-99 induced a narrowing of the lumen diameter. Significant cytoplasm vacuolisation of the larvae exposed to BDE-47 and BDE-99 was observed in region II of the midgut. Salivary glands showed acidophilic granules in the cytoplasm exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47. The results showed that the tissues of C. sancticaroli were sensitive to flame retardants; these histopathologies can compromise the health and physiology of this organism, highlighting the concern with the presence of PBDEs in freshwater sediments.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2019-50
735 downloads
6.
Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics
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Tozetto-Mendoza, Tania Regina
; Avelino-Silva, Vivian Iida
; Fonseca, Silvia
; Claro, Ingra Morales
; Paula, Anderson Vicente de
; Levin, Anna Sara
; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira
; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cassia
; Figueiredo, Walter Manso
; Felix, Alvina Clara
; Souza, Nathalia C. Santiago
; Costa, Angela Aparecida
; Inenami, Marta
; Silva, Rosangela M. Gasparetto da
; Levi, José Eduardo
; Romano, Camila Malta
; Paranhos-Baccalà, Glaucia
; Segurado, Aluisio Cotrim
; Mayaud, Philippe
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
- Journal Metrics
ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest <14 days after the symptoms onset (86%), decreasing >28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961019
2345 downloads
7.
Indução de calos friáveis em explantes foliares e segmentos nodais de pau-ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
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Silva, Daniel da
; Imakawa, Angela Maria
; Bruno, Flavio Mauro Souza
; Sampaio, Paulo de Tarso Barbosa
.
Caesalpinia ferrea Mart., é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre na Amazônia, muito utilizada contra bronquites, reumatismo e úlceras gástricas. Estudos recentes revelam que o princípio ativo denominado de “Pau-ferrol A” encontrado em plântulas jovens apresenta atividade contra a topoisomerase II humana. Objetivou-se com este trabalho obter calos friáveis em explantes foliares e segmentos nodais para estudos posteriores em embriogênese somática. Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações de 2,4-D e ANA isoladamente ou em combinação com BAP e TDZ na calogênese. Nossos resultados demonstraram que ambos os tipos de explantes selecionados apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) na indução, morfologia e coloração dos calos. A indução máxima de calos (90%) foi obtida a partir de explantes de segmentos nodais cultivados em meio MS suplementado com 1,0 mg L-1 de 2,4-D e 5,0 mg L-1 de TDZ, mantendo os explantes em condição de fotoperíodo de 16 horas por 30 dias com temperatura de 25°C±2°C. Os resultados obtidos de calogênese de C. ferrea possibilitam estudos futuros na área de embriogênese somática.
Caesalpinia ferrea Mart., is a tree species that occurs in the Amazon, widely used against bronchitis, rheumatism and gastric ulcers. Recent studies have shown that the substance called "Pau-ferrol A" found in young seedlings has activity against human topoisomerase II. The objective of this work was to obtain friable callus from leaf explants and nodal segments for further studies on somatic embryogenesis. The effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and ANA alone or in combination with BAP and TDZ on callogenesis was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that both types of explants selected showed significant differences (p <0.05) in callus induction, morphology and coloring. Maximum callus induction (90%) was obtained from nodal segment explants cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 5,0 mg L-1 of TDZ, maintaining the explants in photoperiod condition of 16 hours for 30 days with a temperature of 25°C ± 2°C. The results obtained from the callogenesis of C. ferrea made possible future studies on somatic embryogenesis.
https://doi.org/10.19084/RCA17311
688 downloads
8.
Stress effects on the kinetics of hydride formation and growth in metals
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Abstract Although metal hydrides are considered promising candidates for solid-state hydrogen storage, their use for practical applications remains a challenge due to the limitation imposed by the slow kinetics of hydrogen uptake and release, which has driven the interest in using metal nanoparticles as advanced materials of new hydrogen-storage systems since they display fast hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics. Nevertheless, the understanding of the adsorption/release kinetics requires the investigation of the role played by the stress which appears to accommodate the misfit between the metal and hydride phases. In this paper, we present a continuum theory capable of assessing how the misfit stress affects the kinetics of hydride formation and growth in metallic nanoparticles. The theory is then applied to study the kinetics of adsorption/release in spherical particles. This work extends Duda and Tomassetti (2015, 2016) by considering stress-dependent hydrogen mobility.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78254335
500 downloads
9.
Application of Factorial Design for Optimization of the Synthesis of Lactulose Obtained from Whey Permeate
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Zimmer, Fernanda C.
; Souza, Aloisio H. P.
; Silveira, Ana F. C.
; Santos, Maristela R.
; Matsushita, Makoto
; Souza, Nilson E.
; Rodrigues, Angela C.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Journal Metrics
There is a great interest in developing suitable alternatives for the utilization of whey, a by-product from cheese production that contains high concentration of lactose. These alternatives allow the transformation of whey into several products, reducing its environmental impact and providing gains to the dairy industry through the development of new products. The goal of this study was to optimize the synthesis of lactulose from the permeate of bovine whey. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of two parameters, time of reaction (90, 135 and 180 min) and isomerization type (sodium sulfite, boric acid and b-galactosidase enzyme), aiming to obtain the highest reaction yield. According to the response surface and desirability function, the best experimental conditions for lactulose synthesis (where it was obtained 50.06 g of lactulose per 100 g of whey powder) consisted of a reaction time of 180 min with the use of enzymatic isomerization.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170083
2470 downloads
10.
Amniotic membrane as an option for treatment of acute Achilles tendon injury in rats
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Nicodemo, Mariana de Castro
; Neves, Lia Renó das
; Aguiar, Josafá Carvalho
; Brito, Flaviane de Souza
; Ferreira, Isabelle
; Sant'Anna, Luciana Barros
; Raniero, Leandro José
; Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Lopes
; Barja, Paulo Roxo
; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo
.
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of human amniotic membrane (hAM) fragment on inflammatory response, proliferation of fibroblast and organization of collagen fibers in injured tendon. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups: C - surgical procedures without tendon lesion and with simulation of hAM application; I - surgical procedures, tendon injury and simulation of hAM application; T - surgical procedures, tendon injury and hAM application. These groups were subdivided into four experimental times (3, 7, 14 and 28 days). The samples underwent histological analysis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Results: Histological analysis at 14 days, the T group showed collagen fibers with better alignment. At 28 days, the I group presented the characteristics described for the T group at 14 days, while this group presented aspects of a mature connective tissue. FT-IR analysis showed a clear distinction among the three groups at all experimental times and groups T and I presented more similarities to each other than to group C. Conclusion: Acute injury of tendon treated with human amniotic membrane fragment showed a faster healing process, reduction in inflammatory response, intense proliferation of fibroblasts and organization of collagen fibers.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020170205
2405 downloads
11.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains isolated from oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients
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Livério, Harisson Oliveira
; Ruiz, Luciana da Silva
; Freitas, Roseli Santos de
; Nishikaku, Angela
; Souza, Ana Clara de
; Paula, Claudete Rodrigues
; Domaneschi, Carina
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess a collection of yeasts to verify the presence of Candida dubliniensis among strains isolated from the oral mucosa of AIDS pediatric patients which were initially characterized as Candida albicans by the traditional phenotypic method, as well as to evaluate the main phenotypic methods used in the discrimination between the two species and confirm the identification through genotypic techniques, i.e., DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine samples of C. albicans isolated from this population and kept in a fungi collection were evaluated and re-characterized. In order to differentiate the two species, phenotypic tests (Thermotolerance tests, Chromogenic medium, Staib agar, Tobacco agar, Hypertonic medium) were performed and genotypic techniques using DNA sequencing were employed for confirmation of isolated species. Susceptibility and specificity were calculated for each test. No phenotypic test alone was sufficient to provide definitive identification of C. dubliniensis or C. albicans, as opposed to results of molecular tests. After amplification and sequencing of specific regions of the 29 studied strains, 93.1% of the isolates were identified as C. albicans and 6.9% as C. dubliniensis. The Staib agar assay showed a higher susceptibility (96.3%) in comparison with other phenotypic techniques. Therefore, genotypic methods are indispensable for the conclusive identification and differentiation between these species.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201759014
2269 downloads
12.
Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae by patient surveillance cultures at an intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Flores, Claudia
; Romão, Célia Maria C. P. A.
; Bianco, Kayo
; Miranda, Catia Chaia de
; Breves, Angela
; Souza, Ana Paula S.
; Santos, Rosana Maria R.
; Fonseca, Bianca O.
; Filippis, Ivano de
; Clementino, Maysa M.
.
Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
- Journal Metrics
RESUMO Introdução: O aumento da incidência de microrganismos multirresistentes é considerado um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. Uma das rotinas incluídas na prática hospitalar é a busca de pacientes colonizados e/ou infectados. Objetivo: Avaliar a variabilidade genética e as relações clonais de K. pneumoniae produtoras de betalactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) em culturas de vigilância de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Setenta isolados obtidos a partir de swab retal, (março/2013 a março/2014). O perfil de suscetibilidade a antibióticos foi avaliado pelo sistema VITEK 2. Foram pesquisados os genes de resistência: blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaVIM, blaIMP e blaNDM pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A diversidade genética foi avaliada por Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Resultados: Foram detectados altos percentuais de resistência a cefepime (94%), ceftazidima (96%), ertapenem (61%), imipenem (54%) meropenem (43%) e ciprofloxacino (69%). Os genes prevalentes foram: blaSHV (69%), blaTEM (63%), blaOXA-1 (60%), blaKPC (57%), blaCTX-M-15 (47%), blaOXA-48 (16%). Os genes blaVIM, blaIMP e blaNDM não foram detectados. Foram observados 29 perfis em relação aos genes de resistência, com 23% apresentando pelo menos cinco genes. Uma grande diversidade genética (68 perfis) foi observada entre as cepas. Conclusão: Embora não tenha sido observada relação clonal entre os isolados, este estudo revelou dados alarmantes quanto à resistência microbiana em monitoramento preventivo, abordagem ainda pouco adotada no Brasil. Nossos dados permitem concluir que a inclusão de culturas de vigilância nas unidades de saúde é uma estratégia recomendada, visando principalmente à prevenção da disseminação dos genes de resistência no ambiente hospitalar e, consequentemente, redução da morbimortalidade.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing incidence of multi-resistant microorganisms has been considered a public health problem. One of the routines included in hospital practice is the screening of colonized and/or infected patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and clonal relationships of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, from surveillance cultures, at an intensive care unit, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Material and methods: Seventy K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from rectal swabs (March 2013 to March 2014). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by VITEK 2 System. Resistant genes blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); genetic diversity, by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Results: Strains showed high resistance rates to cefepime (94%), ceftazidime (96%), ertapenem (61%), imipenem (54%) meropenem (43%) and ciprofloxacin (69%). The most prevalent genes were blaSHV (69%), blaTEM (63%), blaOXA-1 (60%), blaKPC (57%), blaCTX-M-15 (47%), blaOXA-48 (16%). Genes blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM were not detected. Twenty nine profiles of resistance genes were observed, with 23% carrying at least five genes. A great genetic diversity (68 ERIC profiles) was also observed among the strains. Conclusion: Although no clonal relationship was observed within the isolates, this study revealed alarming data on the antimicrobial resistance deficiently monitored for preventive purposes in Brazil. Our data allow us to conclude that the inclusion of surveillance cultures in health facilities is a recommended strategy aiming particularly at preventing the spread of resistance genes in the hospital environment and, consequently, reducing morbidity and mortality.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20160049
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13.
Characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides
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Degenhardt, Ruth T.
; Farias, Ingrid V.
; Grassi, Liliane T.
; Franchi Jr., Gilberto C.
; Nowill, Alexandre E.
; Bittencourt, Christiane M. da S.
; Wagner, Theodoro M.
; Souza, Marcia M. de
; Cruz, Alexandre Bella
; Malheiros, Angela
.
Abstract The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Amaranthaceae, was obtained by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus and characterization was performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic assays (GC-FID, GC/MS, 1H NMR). Two major compounds were identified: p-cymene (42.32%) and ascaridole (49.77%). The ethanolic extract and hydrolate were fractionated by liquid–liquid partitioning and the compounds were characterized by GC/MS. The essential oil, ethanol extract and fractions by partitioning with dicloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol were tested in tumor cell lines (K562, NALM6, B15, and RAJI). Significant cytotoxic activity was found for essential oil (IC50 = 1.0 µg/ml) for RAJI cells and fraction dicloromethane (IC50 = 34.0 µg/ml) and ethanol extract (IC50 = 47.0 µg/ml) for K562 cells. The activity of the essential oil of C. ambrosioides is probably related to the large amount of ascaridol, since the other major compound, p-cymene, is recognized as a potent anti-inflammatory and has low cytotoxic activity.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.012
2407 downloads
14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
15.
Recognition of facial emotional expressions and its correlation with cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome
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Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Delays in cognitive development are found in the first years of life. As years pass, it may turn into intellectual deficiencies that unfold into several aspects, including difficulty recognizing emotional facial expressions. The present study investigated the recognition of six universal facial emotional expressions in a population of children aged 6-11 years who were divided into two groups: DS group and typically developing children (TDC) group. We used the Perception Test of Facial Emotional Expressions (Teste de Percepção de Emoções Faciais; TEPEF) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and found that children with DS presented alterations in the recognition of expressions of disgust, surprise, and fear, whereas the recognition of happiness, sadness, and anger was maintained at a level comparable to the TDC group. Participants with DS presented significant positive correlations between sadness and Picture completion, Mazes, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Digits, Verbal IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Memory Index. All other facial expressions showed significant negative correlations with the Intelligence Quotient and WISC-III factorial index subtests. Absence of correlations was found among the TEPEF's six facial expressions and Information, Coding, Symbols, and Working Memory Index. The contribution of this study is related to understanding the characteristics of the recognition of facial emotions in children with DS, an important component of social relationships with their peers, schools, and families.
https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2014.017
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