RESUMO O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar se a valoração da matriz nutricional da enzima fitase e da goma de soja, de forma isoladas ou associadas, na formulação de rações de frango de corte compromete o desempenho na fase de 7 a 42 dias de idade e pode ser viável economicamente. Setecentos pintos machos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500 com 7 dias de idade foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto por 7 tratamentos e 5 repetições de 20 aves. Em cada fase os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta padrão e mais seis dietas cujas matrizes nutricionais da enzima fitase e da goma, de forma isolada ou associadas, foram valorizadas na formulação das rações. A valorização individual da matriz nutricional da enzima fitase e da goma de soja, na formulação de ração para frango de corte, não comprometeu o desempenho zootécnico dos frangos, entretanto apenas a valorização da fitase mostrou-se economicamente viável, uma vez que inclusão da goma e sua valorização não contribuiu para a redução no custo de produção ou margem bruta em relação a uma dieta padrão.

ABSTRACT The study was carried out with the objective of evaluating whether the valorisation of the nutritional matrix by the addition of the enzyme phytase and soy gum, in isolation or in association in the formulation of broiler chicken diets compromises the performance in the phase of 7 to 42 days of age and can be economically viable. Seven hundred 7-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of seven treatments and five replications of 20 birds. The treatments consisted of a standard diet and six other diets whose matrix values of phytase and gum were valued, either alone or in combination, in the formulation of the diets. The individual valuation of the nutritional matrix of the phytase and soy gum in the formulation of feed for broiler chickens did not compromise the zootechnical performance of the chickens; however, only the valuation with phytase proved economically viable, since the inclusion of the gum and its valuation did not contribute to a reduction in the production cost or gross margin compared to a standard diet.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine whether socioeconomic factors explain the importance of culturally salient plants to social-ecological systems. Extractive communities of the Araripe-Apodi Environmental Protection Area in Northeast Brazil were studied, and a random sample of the population was selected. Quantitative variables (education, age and income) were analyzed using Spearman correlations, while categorical variables (gender and occupation) were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests. Relationships between socioeconomic factors and the importance of culturally salient plants were all weak. Nevertheless, age influenced the local importance of the largest number of species. Other factors not considered in this study (historical, cultural, ecological, and psychological) may be outstanding predictors of the importance of culturally salient plants and should be studied in future investigations.

This study aimed to validate the estimates of the ruminal degradation of total carbohydrates (TC), ruminal and total digestion of fibrous carbohydrates (FC) and microbial nitrogen flow in the abomasum evaluated by in vitro gas production technique (IVGP). Six ruminally and abomasally cannulated steers arranged in a double 3 × 3 latin square were used to measure described parameters with indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) utilization as marker. Total and fibrous carbohydrates degraded in the rumen were estimated through digestion rates obtained for fibrous (FC) and non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) using in vitro gas production technique, corrected for its respective ruminal and postruminal passage rates. The estimation of the total digestion of FC was done by the sum of ruminal and post-ruminal digestion of these compounds. The microbial nitrogen flow in the abomasum was estimated by the calculating the microbial efficiency of bacteria that ferment FC and NFC, utilizing the microbial growth rate obtained by the ruminal digestion rate for carbohydrate fractions in IVGP. The utilization of the in vitro gas production technique allows obtaining accurate estimates of the ruminal digestion of total carbohydrates, total and ruminal digestion of fiber carbohydrates and microbial protein flow in the abomasum.