Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil type, nitrogen and biofertilizer on phenology, total biomass, grain yield and its components on sunflower cultivation. At the Postgraduates College, the study was carried out, where the sunflower cv Victory was sowed. The treatments under study were two types of soil with two nitrogen levels, with and without biofertilizers. The plant’s phenology, total biomass, harvest index, grain yield and its components were evaluated. For the soils under study, nitrogen fertilization and the biofertilizer were found not to affect the phenological stages, but a change in total biomass and grain yield was observed, where the highest production and net income was recorded with the application of nitrogen at 100 kg ha-1 and biofertilizer inoculation, in the soil with the lowest salinity.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia del tipo de suelo, nitrógeno y biofertilizante sobre la fenología, biomasa total, rendimiento de grano y sus componentes en el cultivo de girasol. El estudio se realizó en el Colegio de Postgraduados, donde se sembró el girasol cv. Victoria. Los tratamientos en estudio fueron dos tipos de suelo en los cuales se aplicó dos niveles de nitrógeno, con y sin biofertilizantes. Se evaluó la fenología de la planta, biomasa total, índice de cosecha, rendimiento y sus componentes. Para los suelos en estudio se encontró que la fertilización nitrogenada y el biofertilizante no modificaron el tiempo a ocurrencia de las etapas fenológicas, pero sí se observó un cambio en la biomasa total y rendimiento de grano, donde la mayor producción se registró con la aplicación de nitrógeno a 100 kg ha-1 y la inoculación del biofertilizante, lo que a su vez generó el mayor ingreso neto, en el suelo con la salinidad más baja.

RESUMO Dois ensaios foram realizados para estudar a planta de Tithonia diversifolia (Td): (1) análise química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) de partes de plantas e (2) desempenho produtivo de cordeiros alimentados com dieta tradicional ou dieta Td (30% de Td mais 70% da dieta tradicional). As partes vegetais estudadas foram folhas (L), folhas e pecíolos (LP); folhas, pecíolos e caules (LPS). O consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram registrados semanalmente, durante cinco semanas de experimentação. O L apresentou maior (P<0,05) conteúdo de proteína bruta (26,7%) que o LP e o LPS (25,5 e 19,7%, respectivamente). Fibra bruta (11,2%), fibra em detergente neutro (45,4%), celulose (16,9%) e hemicelulose (33,5%) foram menores em L do que em LP (12,5, 46,7, 18,0 e 35,7%, respectivamente) e LPS (22,6, 59,2, 27,0 e 43,5%, respectivamente). O L e o LP apresentaram o maior DIVMS (89,2 e 88,2%, respectivamente vs. 77,2% do LPS). A dieta Td resultou em maior consumo de ração e maior ganho de peso e menor conversão alimentar que a dieta tradicional. Portanto, Tithonia diversifolia é uma planta forrageira de boa qualidade para cordeiros que não afeta o desempenho produtivo.

ABSTRACT Two assays were conducted to study the Tithonia diversifolia (Td) plant: (1) chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plant parts and (2) productive performance of lambs fed a traditional diet or a Td diet (30% of Td plus 70% of the traditional diet). The plant parts studied were leaves (L), leaves and petioles (LP); and leaves, petioles and stems (LPS). Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were registered weekly during five weeks of experimentation. The L showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein content (26.7%) than LP and LPS (25.5 and 19.7%, respectively). Crude fiber (11.2%), neutral detergent fiber (45.4%), cellulose (16.9%) and hemicellulose (33.5%) were lower in L than in LP (12.5, 46.7, 18.0 and 35.7%, respectively) and LPS (22.6, 59.2, 27.0 and 43.5%, respectively). The L and LP showed the highest IVDMD (89.2 and 88.2%, respectively vs. 77.2% of LPS). The Td diet resulted in greater feed intake and weight gain and lower feed conversion than the traditional diet. Therefore, Tithonia diversifolia is a forage plant of good quality for lambs which does not affect the productive performance.

The protective effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) with antioxidant properties was evaluated based on the existance of evidences of the effectiveness of the antioxidanrt therapies on the periodontal disease. Ten beagle dogs were used. They were induced the periodontal disease by ligature in 3 teeth of the right hemiarch during 21 days. The contralateral teeth were the sound controls. Five dogs selected at random were applied a solution of Vimang in the gingival sulcus twice a day. The rest of the animals received the vehicle in the same way and frequency. The application of the extract significantly reduced the increase of the gingival index, the deepness of the gingival sulcus and the osteal loss. It was concluded that the topical administration of Vimang attenuates the development of the periodontal disease in the ligature-induced model in dogs.

Se evaluó el efecto protector de un extracto de Mangifera indica L. (Vimang), con propiedades antioxidantes, sobre la base de la existencia de evidencias de la efectividad de las terapias antioxidantes en la enfermedad periodontal. Se utilizaron 10 perros beagle a los que se les indujo la enfermedad periodontal por ligadura, en 3 dientes de las hemiarcadas derechas durante 21 d. Los dientes contralaterales constituyeron los controles sanos. A 5 perros escogidos al azar, se les aplicó una solución de Vimang en el surco gingival, 2 veces al día. El resto de los animales recibió el vehículo en igual forma y frecuencia. La aplicación del extracto redujo significativamente el incremento del índice gingival, la profundidad del surco gingival y la pérdida ósea. Se concluyó que la administración tópica del Vimang atenúa el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal en el modelo de inducción por ligadura en perros.