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Resumen La evaluación de la expresión del ligando 1 de muerte programada (PD-L1) es un criterio de elegibilidad para la inmunoterapia anti-PD-L1 en el carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). También deben evaluarse otros componentes del microambiente tisular. Aquí se informaron cuatro casos de carcinoma de células escamosas orales. Se realizaron análisis histopatológicos del grado tumoral y TIL (infiltrado inflamatorio asociado a tumor) e inmunohistoquímica para CD4, CD8 y PD-L1. Los casos se clasificaron según el microambiente tisular en resistencia inmunitaria adaptativa, ignorancia inmunológica, tolerancia o inducción intrínseca. Este análisis destaca la importancia de comprender el microambiente inmunológico que puede presentar el COCE para la identificación de dianas terapéuticas más eficaces contra la enfermedad.

Abstract The evaluation of the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-L1) is an eligibility criterion for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Other components of tissue microenvironment should also be evaluated. Here, four cases of oral squamous cells carcinoma were reported. Histopathological analysis of tumor grade and TILs and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 was done. The cases were classified according to the tissue microenvironment in adaptive immune resistance, immunological ignorance, tolerance, or intrinsic induction. This analysis highlights the importance of understanding the immunological microenvironment that the OSCC can present for the identification of more effective therapeutic targets against the disease.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000145

Combined application of Isaria fumosorosea and beta-cyfluthrin in the control of coffee leaf miner
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Lago, William Oliveira do

; Sabino, Paulo Henrique de Siqueira

; Ramirio, Lucas Deleon

; Venâncio, Helaine Barros de Oliveira

Revista Ceres

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sep 2022, Volume 69 N. 5 Pages 628 - 631

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The coffee leaf miner is responsible for significant decreases in coffee production. To mitigate the problems caused by this pest control strategies need to be applied. The combined application of chemical and biological insecticides is an alternative that can reduce the population of leaf miner in areas with high infestation and occurrence of resistant individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined application of Isaria fumosorosea and beta-cyfluthrin in the control of coffee leaf miner. A randomized block design was used, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four treatments: I. fumosorosea, beta-cyfluthrin, I fumosorosea + beta-cyfluthrin and control, besides two application levels, one and two applications. There was no significant effect on the interaction between treatments. The number of applications did not increase the control percentage of the leaf miner. However, the treatments I. fumosorosea, beta-cyfluthrin, I fumosorosea + beta-cyfluthrin showed a higher control percentage of the leaf miner, compared to the control treatment with both one and two applications. I. fumosorosea, beta-cyfluthrin, and the combination of I fumosorosea + beta-cyfluthrin are effective in controlling the leaf miner.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202269050017

Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento infantil em crianças brasileiras: linha de base da avaliação do impacto do Programa Criança Feliz
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Munhoz, Tiago N.

; Santos, Iná S.

; Blumenberg, Cauane

; Barcelos, Raquel Siqueira

; Bortolotto, Caroline C.

; Matijasevich, Alicia

; Santos Júnior, Hernane G.

; Santos, Letícia Marques dos

; Correa, Luciano L.

; Souza, Marta Rovery de

; Lira, Pedro I. C.

; Altafim, Elisa Rachel Pisani

; Macana, Esmeralda Correa

; Victora, Cesar G.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 38 N. 2 elocation e00316920

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar os fatores socioeconômicos, familiares e individuais associados ao desenvolvimento infantil no primeiro ano de vida, entre famílias em vulnerabilidade social. Trata-se de uma análise transversal, com dados da linha de base de um ensaio randomizado. O estudo incluiu 3.242 crianças < 12 meses de idade, residentes em 30 municípios de cinco regiões do Brasil. A escolha de estados e municípios foi intencional, tendo como base a implementação do Programa Criança Feliz. A amostra foi selecionada a partir de crianças elegíveis para o Programa Criança Feliz, cujo objetivo é promover a estimulação e o desenvolvimento infantil. O Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) foi utilizado para avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil. Um modelo de análise multinível em três níveis (estado, município e indivíduos), usando teste de Wald para heterogeneidade e tendência linear, estimou a média do ASQ-3 e intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Análises foram ajustadas para potenciais confundidores. Foram analisadas informações de 3.061 (94,4%) crianças com dados disponíveis para ASQ-3. Escores de desenvolvimento infantil (total e em todos os domínios) foram cerca de 12% menores em crianças nascidas pré-termo e com restrição do crescimento intrauterino (pequenas para idade gestacional). Observou-se menores escores em filhos de mães com baixa escolaridade, com sintomas de depressão, com duas ou mais crianças menores de sete anos residindo no domicílio e que não relataram autopercepção de apoio/ajuda durante a gestação. Conclui-se que características potencialmente modificáveis (escolaridade, depressão materna e prematuridade/restrição do crescimento intrauterino) apresentaram maior impacto na redução do escore de desenvolvimento em todos os domínios avaliados.

Abstract: The study aimed to assess socioeconomic, family, and individual factors associated with infant development (i.e., in the first year of life) among families with social vulnerability. This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized trial. The study included 3,242 children < 12 months of age living in 30 municipalities from five regions of Brazil. The choice of states and municipalities was intentional, based on the implementation of the Brazilian Happy Child Program. The sample was selected among eligible children for the Brazilian Happy Child Program, and the objective was the promotion of infant development. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to assess infant development. A three-level analytical model (state, municipality, and individuals), using the Wald test for heterogeneity and linear trend, estimated the mean ASQ-3 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Information was analyzed for 3,061 (94.4%) children with available data for ASQ-3. Infant development scores (total and in all the domains) were some 12% lower in preterm children and those with intrauterine growth restriction (small for gestational age). Lower scores were seen in children of mothers with low schooling, depressive symptoms, two or more children under seven years of age living in the household, and who did not report self-perceived support or help during the pregnancy. In conclusion, potentially modifiable characteristics (schooling, maternal depression, and prematurity/intrauterine growth restriction) showed greater impact on reducing the infant development score in all the target domains.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar los factores socioeconómicos, familiares e individuales, asociados al desarrollo infantil en el primer año de vida, entre familias con vulnerabilidad social. Se trata de un análisis transversal, con datos de la base de referencia de un ensayo aleatorio. El estudio incluyó a 3.242 niños < 12 meses de edad, residentes en 30 municipios de cinco regiones de Brasil. La elección de estados y municipios fue intencional, considerando como base la implementación del Programa Niño Feliz. La muestra se seleccionó a partir de niños elegibles para el Programa Niño Feliz, cuyo objetivo es promover la estimulación y el desarrollo infantil. Se utilizó el Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) para la evaluación del desarrollo infantil. Un modelo de análisis multinivel en tres niveles (estado, municipio e individuos), usando el test de Wald para la heterogeneidad y tendencia lineal, estimó la media del ASQ-3 y el intervalo de 95% de confianza (IC95%). Los análisis se ajustaron para potenciales factores de confusión. Se analizó información de 3.061 (94,4%) niños con datos disponibles para ASQ-3. Las puntuaciones de desarrollo infantil (total y en todos los dominios) fueron cerca de un 12% menores en niños nacidos pretérmino y con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (pequeños para la edad gestacional). Se observaron menores puntuaciones en hijos de madres con baja escolaridad, con síntomas de depresión, con dos o más niños menores de siete años residiendo en el domicilio y que no informaron autopercepción de apoyo/ayuda durante la gestación. Se concluye que las características potencialmente modificables (escolaridad, depresión materna y prematuridad/restricción del crecimiento intrauterino) presentaron un mayor impacto en la reducción de la puntuación de desarrollo en todos los dominios evaluados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00316920

Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento infantil em crianças brasileiras: linha de base da avaliação do impacto do Programa Criança Feliz
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Munhoz, Tiago N.

; Santos, Iná S.

; Blumenberg, Cauane

; Barcelos, Raquel Siqueira

; Bortolotto, Caroline C.

; Matijasevich, Alicia

; Santos Júnior, Hernane G.

; Santos, Letícia Marques dos

; Correa, Luciano L.

; Souza, Marta Rovery de

; Lira, Pedro I. C.

; Altafim, Elisa Rachel Pisani

; Macana, Esmeralda Correa

; Victora, Cesar G.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 38 N. 2 elocation e00316920

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00316920

N-Methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, the major bioactive compound from Sideroxylon obtusifolium, attenuates pilocarpine-induced injury in cultured astrocytes
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Aquino, P.E.A.

; Siqueira, E.A. de

; Paes, L.C.F.

; Magalhães, E.P.

; Barbosa, T.M.

; Carvalho, M.A.J. de

; Azul, F.V.C. Serra

; Lustosa, I. Rosal

; Mottin, M.

; Sampaio, T.L.

; Martins, A.M.C.

; Silveira, E.R.

; Viana, G.S.B.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e12381

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Glial cells have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy in humans and in its models. Astrocytes are lost in several brain regions after acute seizures induced by pilocarpine and may suffer hyperplasia at subsequent time points. This study investigated the effect of N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) on astrocytes exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of pilocarpine. Astrocytes were incubated with pilocarpine (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)=31.86 mM) for 24 h. Afterwards, they were treated with NMP at concentrations ranging from 3.12 to 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were analyzed by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and rhodamine-123 (Rho123), respectively. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) were measured by western blot. Pilocarpine significantly decreased cell viability and mitochondrial potential and increased ROS concentration significantly by 6.7 times compared to the control. NMP concentrations ≥25 µg/mL protected astrocytes against pilocarpine-induced injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, NMP reduced cytoplasmic ROS accumulation to 27.3, 24.8, and 12.3% in the groups treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL NMP, respectively. NMP also protected mitochondria from pilocarpine-induced depolarization. These effects were associated with improvement of pilocarpine-induced GFAP and VDAC-1 overexpression, which are important biomarkers of astrocyte dysfunction. In conclusion, the improvement of ROS accumulation, VDAC-1 overexpression, and mitochondrial depolarization are possible mechanisms of the NMP protective action on reactive astrocytes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2022e12381

Effects of in feed removal of antimicrobials in comparison to other prophylactic alternatives in growing and finishing pigs
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Tutida, Y.H.

; Montes, J.H.

; Borstnez, K.K.

; Siqueira, H.A.

; Güths, M. F.

; Moreira, F.

; Peripolli, V.

; Irgang, R.

; Morés, N.

; Bianchi, I.

; Kich, J.D.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2021, Volume 73 N. 6 Pages 1381 - 1390

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A utilização de antimicrobianos na produção animal provoca seleção de bactérias resistentes. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a utilização de alternativas associadas à antibioticoterapia preventiva na alimentação de suínos nas fases de recria e de terminação. Foram utilizados 1.045 animais de 60 a 190 dias de idade, submetidos a seis tratamentos com 16 repetições, como segue: 1) sem antibióticos; 2) com antibióticos; 3) prebióticos; 4) probióticos; 5) óleos essenciais; e 6) ácidos orgânicos. Os animais foram pesados, e a história clínica foi registrada, incluindo mortalidade e diarreia. No abatedouro, foram investigados índices de pneumonia e úlceras gástricas. O custo de cada tratamento foi discutido. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) em relação à taxa de conversão alimentar (2,64 ± 0,03), ao ganho de peso médio geral (107,06 ± 0,9kg), ao ganho de peso médio diário (856,49 ± 7,7g) e ao peso de carcaça (92,4 ± 0,7kg). A aplicação de medicamentos injetáveis em animais com quadro clínico representou US$ 0,56/intervenção, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Além disso, independentemente do tratamento, foi observada alta frequência de pneumonia (>0,90). Não foi observada diferença para o grau de úlcera gástrica nem na consistência das fezes (P>0,05). A utilização de antibioticoterapia e de alternativas aos antibióticos na ração não trouxe benefícios aos desempenhos zootécnico e sanitário dos animais.

ABSTRACT The utilization of antimicrobials in animal production, causes selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the utilization of alternatives in association with preventive antibiotic therapy in swine feed during the growing and finishing phases. 1,045 animals were used from 60 to 190 days of age and were subjected to six treatments with 16 repetitions as follows: 1) antibiotic free; 2) antibiotics; 3) prebiotic; 4) probiotic; 5) essential oils; and 6) organic acid. Animals were weighted, and clinical history was recorded including mortality and diarrhea. At the abattoir, pneumonia index and gastric ulcers were investigated. The cost for each treatment was discussed. No difference between treatments were observed (P>0.05) regarding feed conversion rate (2.64±0.03), overall average weight gain (107.06±0.9kg), average daily weight gain (856.49±7.7g) and carcass weight (92.4±0.7kg). The application injectable drugs in animals presenting clinical symptoms, represented US$ 0.56/intervention, without difference between the treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, independently of the treatment, high frequency of pneumonia was observed (>0.90). No difference for the degree of gastric ulcer nor feces consistency were observed (P>0.05). The utilization of antibiotic therapy and alternatives to antibiotics in feed did not produce benefits to the production indices and sanitary performances of the animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12450 1 downloads

Nutritional and quality changes in piglet concentrate affected by formulation and storage
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Cella, A.

; Ludke, J.V.

; Coldebella, A.

; Ludke, M.C.M.M.

; Siqueira, H.A.

; Oliveira Jr, J.M.

; Peripolli, V.

; Bianchi, I.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2021, Volume 73 N. 5 Pages 1194 - 1208

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variações na estabilidade e na concentração de nutrientes em concentrados para alimentação de leitões. Foram estabelecidos cinco tratamentos: T1 - controle, concentrado com formulação padrão (CFP); T2 - PXMais5, CFP com 5% a mais de vitaminas e minerais da pré-mistura (PVM); T3 - PXMenos5, CFP com 5% a menos de PVM (todos os três tratamentos utilizaram lotes de 400kg em um misturador INTECNIAL); T4 - FeedMixer, CFP usando um lote de 4.000kg em um misturador IMOTO; T5 - PremixMixer, CFP usando um lote de 1.200kg em um misturador MUYANG. Para cada tratamento, sacos de 20kg foram armazenados em três ambientes distintos por quatro meses, onde a temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar foram registradas diariamente. A concentração de nutrientes foi avaliada por meio de análises centesimal e mineral. A atividade de água do concentrado foi afetada pela temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar nos diferentes locais de armazenamento. A maior variação na concentração de proteína bruta, resíduo mineral, cobre, zinco e selênio foi devido ao tratamento “MistPremix”. Em relação aos níveis de garantia, foi verificado valor crítico apenas para a concentração de cromo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in the stability and nutrient concentration in concentrates for piglet feeding. Five treatments were established: T1 - Control, standard concentrate formulation (SCF); T2 - PXMore5, SCF with more 5% vitamin-mineral premix (VMP); T3 - PXLess5, SCF with less 5% VMP. All these three treatments used 400kg batches in an INTECNIAL mixer; T4 - FeedMixer, SCF using a 4,000kg batch in an IMOTO mixer; T5 - PremixMixer, SCF using a 1,200kg batch in an MUYANG mixer. For each treatment, bags of 20kg were stored in three storage places for four months where room temperature and relative humidity was recorded daily. The concentration of nutrients was evaluated through centesimal and mineral analysis. The water activity of concentrate was affected by temperature and relative air humidity in different storage places. The greatest variation in concentration of crude protein, mineral residue, copper, zinc, and selenium was due to the PremixMixer treatment. Regarding the guaranteed levels, the critical value was verified only for the chrome concentration.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12396 27 downloads

Efficacy and residual effect of Illicium verum (star anise) and Pelargonium graveolens (rose geranium) essential oil on cat fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis
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Freitas, Juliana Pereira

; de Jesus, Ingrid Lins Raquel

; Chaves, Jéssica Karoline de Oliveira

; Gijsen, Isabela Scalioni

; Campos, Diefrey Ribeiro

; Baptista, Debora Pereira

; Ferreira, Thais Paes

; Alves, Melina Cardilo Campos

; Coumendouros, Katherina

; Cid, Yara Peluso

; Chaves, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 4 elocation e009321

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os óleos essenciais (OE) de Illicium verum e Pelargonium graveolens foram avaliados quanto à letalidade, inibição do desenvolvimento e eficácia residual contra a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Sua composição química foi caracterizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. A mortalidade entre os diferentes estágios imaturos e pulgas adultas foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro em papel filtro, contendo diferentes concentrações de OEs. A caracterização química do óleo volátil de I. verum mostrou que o E-anetol (79,96%) foi o constituinte majoritário, enquanto os principais compostos de P. graveolens foram citronelol (29,67%) e geraniol (14,85%). Foi observada atividade inseticida contra os estágios imaturos e adulto da pulga. O OE de I. verum teve atividade inseticida por aproximadamente 18 dias, enquanto o de P. graveolens durou 13 dias. A atividade pulicida de I. verum permaneceu acima de 70% até o 9º dia, enquanto a atividade de P. graveolens foi de 41,7% até o 2º dia. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de I. verum, apresentam atividade inseticida para o controle de pulgas em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e têm potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticidas (biopesticidas) de uso veterinário.

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612021088

Condition factor variations over time and trophic position among four species of Characidae from Amazonian floodplain lakes: effects of an anomalous drought
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Tribuzy-Neto, I. A.

; Conceição, K. G.

; Siqueira-Souza, F. K.

; Hurd, L. E.

; Freitas, C. E. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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may 2018, Volume 78 N. 2 Pages 337 - 344

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os efeitos de secas extremas sobre peixes de água doce ainda é globalmente desconhecido. Neste artigo, nós estimamos o fator de condição, uma medida relativa de bem estar baseada na relação entre e peso do corpo e o comprimento, em quatro espécies de peixes de lagos da Amazônia, pertencentes a dois níveis tróficos (onívoros e carnívoros), capturadas durante três anos consecutivos: 2004, 2005 (quando ocorreu uma seca anômala) e 2006. As duas espécies onívoras, Colossoma macropomum e Mylossoma duriventre exibiram tendências consistentes com seu ciclo de vida nos anos de 2004 e 2006: valores mais altos na cheia, vazante e seca, seguida por uma queda na enchente que coincide com a estação reprodutiva. No entanto, o fator de condição foi muito menor durante a seca e a enchente em 2005, provavelmente devido a redução anormal na disponibilidade de recursos em um habitat reduzido. As duas espécies piscívoras, as piranhas Serrasalmus spilopleura e S. elongatus, mantiveram relativa estabilidade nas estimativas do fator d condição, ao longo do ciclo hidrológico dos três anos, sem efeito aparente da seca extrema, provavelmente porque a redução do habitat foi contrabalanceada pelo aumento na densidade de presas. Caso as predições de aumento de frequência de secas extremas venha a se confirmar, acreditamos que espécies predadoras poderão ser beneficiadas, ao menos no curto prazo, enquanto as onívoras serão negativamente afetadas.

Abstract The effects of extreme droughts on freshwater fish remain unknown worldwide. In this paper, we estimated the condition factor, a measure of relative fitness based on the relationship of body weight to length, in four fish species representing two trophic levels (omnivores and piscivores) from Amazonian floodplain lakes for three consecutive years: 2004, 2005 (an anomalous drought year), and 2006. The two omnivores, Colossoma macropomum and Mylossoma duriventre, exhibited trends consistent with their life cycles in 2004 and 2006: high values during the hydrologic seasons of high water, receding water, and low water, with a drop following reproduction following the onset of rising water. However during the drought year of 2005 the condition factor was much lower than normal during receding and low water seasons, probably as a result of an abnormal reduction in resource availability in a reduced habitat. The two piscivorous piranhas, Serrasalmus spilopleura and S. elongatus, maintained relatively stable values of condition factor over the hydrologic cycles of all three years, with no apparent effect of the drought, probably because the reduction in habitat is counterbalanced by the resulting increase in relative prey density. We suggest that if predictions of increasing drought in the Amazon are correct, predatory species may benefit, at least in the short run, while omnivores may be negatively affected.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.166332 1061 downloads

10.

Inequalities in HAART uptake and differential survival according to exposure category in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lima, Tatiana de Araujo

; Beyrer, Chris

; Golub, Jonathan E.

; Mota, Jurema Corrêa da

; Malta, Monica Siqueira

; Silva, Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da

; Bastos, Francisco I.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 8 elocation e00009617

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo: Apesar de uma melhora substancial no prognóstico e na qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA) no Brasil, permanecem desigualdades no acesso ao tratamento. Avaliamos o impacto dessas desigualdades na sobrevida na cidade do Rio de Janeiro ao longo de 12 anos (2000/11). Os dados foram consolidados a partir de quatro bases que constituem o sistema nacional de monitoramento da aids: SINAN-aids (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; casos de aids), SISCEL (exames laboratoriais), SICLOM (controle logístico de medicamentos) e SIM (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade), usando relacionamento probabilístico. As regressões de Cox foram ajustadas para avaliar o impacto da HAART (terapia antirretroviral altivamente ativa) na mortalidade relacionada à aids entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI) e heterossexuais diagnosticados com aids entre 2000 e 2011 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Dos 15.420 casos, 60,7% eram heterossexuais, 36,1% HSH e 3,2% UDI. Houve 2.807 óbitos (18,2%) e a sobrevida mediana foi 6,29 anos. Houve associação significativa entre HAART e contagem de CD4+ > 200 na linha de base e importantes efeitos protetores. Comparados aos brancos, os não-brancos tiveram um risco 33% maior de morrer de aids. Os UDI tiveram um risco 56% maior, enquanto HSH tiveram um risco 11% menor de morrer de aids, comparados aos heterossexuais. Os indivíduos não-brancos, aqueles com menos de oito anos de escolaridade e UDI mostraram probabilidade mais alta de não receber HAART e de morrer de aids. No Rio de Janeiro, persistem desigualdades importantes no acesso ao tratamento, que resultam em impactos diferenciados na mortalidade de acordo com as categorias de exposição. Apesar da persistência dessas disparidades, a mortalidade diminuiu significativamente ao longo do período em todas as categorias analisadas, e o acesso à HAART teve impacto dramático no tempo de sobrevida.

Abstract: Despite substantial improvement in prognosis and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Brazil, inequalities in access to treatment remain. We assessed the impact of these inequalities on survival in Rio de Janeiro over a 12-year period (2000/11). Data were merged from four databases that comprise the national AIDS monitoring system: SINAN-AIDS (Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases; AIDS cases), SISCEL (laboratory tests), SICLOM (electronic dispensing system), and SIM (Brazilian Mortality Information System), using probabilistic linkage. Cox regressions were fitted to assess the impact of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) on AIDS-related mortality among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and heterosexuals diagnosed with AIDS, between 2000 and 2011, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Among 15,420 cases, 60.7% were heterosexuals, 36.1% MSM and 3.2% PWID. There were 2,807 (18.2%) deaths and the median survival time was 6.29. HAART and CD4+ > 200 at baseline were associated with important protective effects. Non-whites had a 33% higher risk of dying in consequence of AIDS than whites. PWID had a 56% higher risk and MSM a 11% lower risk of dying of AIDS than heterosexuals. Non-white individuals, those with less than eight years of formal education, and PWID, were more likely to die of AIDS and less likely to receive HAART. Important inequalities persist in access to treatment, resulting in disparate impacts on mortality among exposure categories. Despite these persistent disparities, mortality decreased significantly during the period for all categories under analysis, and the overall positive impact of HAART on survival has been dramatic.

Resumen: Pese a la mejora sustancial en el pronóstico y calidad de vida entre las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA (PLWHA) en Brasil, persisten las desigualdades en el acceso al tratamiento. Evaluamos el impacto de estas desigualdades en la supervivencia en Río de Janeiro, durante un período de 12 años (2000/11). Los datos fueron recabados de cuatros bases de datos que comprenden el sistema nacional de monitoreo del SIDA: SINAN-SIDA (Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación; casos de SIDA), SISCEL (pruebas de laboratorio), SICLOM (sistema dispensador electrónico), y SIM (Sistema de Información sobre la Mortalidad), usando una vinculación probabilística. Las regresiones de Cox fueron usadas para evaluar el impacto de la TARGA (terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad) en la mortalidad relacionada con el SIDA, entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), individuos que se inyectan drogas por vía intravenosa (PWID por sus siglas en inglés), y heterosexuales diagnosticados con SIDA, entre 2000 y 2011, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Entre 15.420 casos, un 60,7% eran heterosexuales, un 36,1% HSH y un 3,2% PWID. Hubo 2.807 (18.2%) muertes y el tiempo medio de supervivencia fue 6,29. TARGA y CD4+ > 200 en la base de referencia estuvieron asociados con efectos importantes de protección. Los no-blancos tuvieron un riesgo un 33% mayor de morir a consecuencia de SIDA que los blancos. Los PWID tuvieron un riesgo un 56% mayor, y los HSH un riesgo un 11% menor, de morir de SIDA que los heterosexuales. Los no-blancos, con menos de ocho años de educación formal, y los PWID, eran más propensos a morir de SIDA y menos a recibir TARGA. Existen importantes inequidades en el acceso al tratamiento, resultando en efectos dispares en la mortalidad entre las diferentes categorías exposición. A pesar de estas persistentes disparidades, la mortalidad decreció significativamente durante el periodo para todas las categorías bajo análisis, y el impacto general positivo del TARGA en la supervivencia había sido importantísimo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00009617 26 downloads

11.

Inequalities in HAART uptake and differential survival according to exposure category in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lima, Tatiana de Araujo

; Beyrer, Chris

; Golub, Jonathan E.

; Mota, Jurema Corrêa da

; Malta, Monica Siqueira

; Silva, Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da

; Bastos, Francisco I.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 8 elocation e00009617

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00009617 1300 downloads

12.

Antifungal and antioxidant activity of fatty acid methyl esters from vegetable oils
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PINTO, MARIA E.A.

; ARAÚJO, STHÉFANE G.

; MORAIS, MARCELA I.

; SÁ, NÍVEA P.

; LIMA, CAROLINE M.

; ROSA, CARLOS A.

; SIQUEIRA, EZEQUIAS P.

; JOHANN, SUSANA

; LIMA, LUCIANA A.R.S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2017, Volume 89 N. 3 Pages 1671 - 1681

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained from vegetable oils of soybean, corn and sunflower. The current study was focused on evaluating the antifungal activity of FAMEs mainly against Paracoccidioides spp., as well as testing the interaction of these compounds with commercial antifungal drugs and also their antioxidant potential. FAMEs presented small IC50 values (1.86-9.42 μg/mL). All three FAMEs tested showed antifungal activity against isolates of Paracoccidioides spp. with MIC values ranging from 15.6-500 µg/mL. Sunflower FAMEs exhibited antifungal activity that extended also to other genera, with an MIC of 15.6 μg/mL against Candida glabrata and C. krusei and 31.2 μg/mL against C. parapsilosis. FAMEs exhibited a synergetic effect with itraconazole. The antifungal activity of the FAMEs against isolates of Paracoccidioides spp. is likely due to the presence of methyl linoleate, the major compound present in all three FAMEs. The results obtained indicate the potential of FAMEs as sources for antifungal and antioxidant activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160908 3900 downloads

13.

Un llamado ético a la inclusión de mujeres embarazadas en investigación: Reflexiones del Foro Global de Bioética en Investigación
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Saenz, Carla

; Alger, Jackeline

; Beca, Juan Pablo

; Belizán, José M.

; Cafferata, María Luisa

; Guzmán, Julio Arturo Canario

; Candanedo P., Jesica E.

; Duque, Lissette

; Figueroa, Lester

; Garcés, Ana

; Gresh, Lionel

; Gubert, Ida Cristina

; Guilhem, Dirce

; Guz, Gabriela

; Kaltwasser, Gustavo

; Lescano, A. Roxana

; Luna, Florencia

; Cardelli, Alexandrina A. M.

; Mastroleo, Ignacio

; Melamed, Irene N.

; Toia, Agueda Muñoz del Carpio

; Palacios, Ricardo

; Palma, Gloria I.

; Salas, Sofía P.

; Sandoval, Xochitl

; Siqueira, Sergio Surugi de

; Vásquez, Hans

; Vega, Bertha Ma. Villela de

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2017, Volume 41 elocation e13

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.13 30 downloads

14.

THIRD GENERATION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE Phormidium autumnale
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Siqueira, S. F.

; Francisco, É. C.

; Queiroz, M. I.

; Menezes, C. R. de

; Zepka, L. Q.

; Jacob-Lopes, E.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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sep 2016, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 427 - 433

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate third generation biodiesel production by the microalgae Phormidium autumnale using sucrose as exogenous carbon source. The study focused on optimization of the different C/N ratios and on the analysis of biofuel quality. The results indicate that a C/N ratio of 40 improved the performance of the system, reaching single-cell oil productivities of 18.9 mg/L in steady-state conditions. This oil has a composition predominantly saturated (45.2%) and monounsaturated (34.7%) suitable for biodiesel synthesis (ester content of 99.8%, cetane number of 58.5%, iodine value of 67.2 gI2/100 g, unsaturation degree of 71.3% and a cold filter plugging point of 6.7 ºC).

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150134 3153 downloads

15.

Parafunctional habits are associated cumulatively to painful temporomandibular disorders in adolescents
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FERNANDES, Giovana

; FRANCO-MICHELONI, Ana Lúcia

; SIQUEIRA, José Tadeu Tesseroli

; GONÇALVES, Daniela Aparecida Godói

; CAMPARIS, Cinara Maria

Brazilian Oral Research

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2016, Volume 30 N. 1 elocation e15

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the effect of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits, both separately and cumulatively, on the likelihood of adolescents to present painful TMD. The study was conducted on a sample of 1,094 adolescents (aged 12-14). The presence of painful TMD was assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, Axis I. Data on sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits (nail/pen/pencil/lip/cheek biting, resting one’s head on one’s hand, and gum chewing) were researched by self-report. After adjusting for potential demographic confounders using logistic regression, each of the predictor variables (sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and parafunctional habits) was significantly associated with painful TMD. In addition, the odds for painful TMD were higher in the concomitant presence of two (OR=4.6, [95%CI=2.06, 10.37]) or three predictor (OR=13.7, [95%CI=5.72, 32.96]) variables. These findings indicate that the presence of concomitant muscle activities during sleep and awake bruxism and parafunctional habits increases the likelihood almost linearly of adolescents to present painful TMD.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0015 5054 downloads

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