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ABSTRACT Sweet potato is among the most important food crops in the world. Due to its high genetic diversity, this species has cultivars that can respond in different ways depending on mineral fertilization. Among the nutrients, phosphorus is related to physiological and biochemical processes that can influence the final quality of the product. This study aimed to assess the influence of P doses on the quality and bioactive compounds of sweet potato cultivars - Paraná, BRS Amélia, and BRS Cuia. The pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, and the bioactive compounds - flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids - were evaluated. The P doses influenced sweet potato cultivars. The dose of 120 kg ha-1 promoted increments in the parameters pH, SS, TA, and SS/TA ratio for the cultivar BRS Cuia. The same dose promoted an increase in total soluble sugars for the cultivar BRS Amélia. P dose of 240 kg ha-1 promoted higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in the cultivar Paraná, and there was an increase in carotenoid content at the dose of 60 kg ha-1.

RESUMO A batata-doce está entre as culturas alimentícias mais importantes do mundo. Por apresentar alta diversidade genética, essa espécie possui cultivares que podem responder de maneiras diferentes em função da adubação mineral. Dentre os nutrientes, o fósforo está relacionado com processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos que podem influenciar na qualidade final do produto. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de P na qualidade e compostos bioativos de cultivares de batata-doce - Paraná, BRS Amélia e BRS Cuia. Foram avaliados o pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, açúcares solúveis e os compostos bioativos - flavonoides, antocianinas e carotenoides. As doses de P influenciaram as cultivares de batata-doce. A dose de 120 kg ha-1 promoveu incrementos nos parâmetros pH, SS, AT e relação SS/AT para a cultivar BRS Cuia. A mesma dose promoveu incrementos nos açúcares solúveis totais para a cultivar BRS Amélia. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 promoveu maiores teores de flavonoides e antocianinas na cultivar Paraná, e houve aumento no teor de carotenoides na dose de 60 kg ha-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n1e274451

Detection of anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies in cattle from southern Brazil
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Samoel, Gisele Vaz Aguirre

; Fernandes, Fagner D’ambroso

; Roman, Isac Junior

; Rodrigues, Bibiana Teixeira

; Miletti, Luiz Claudio

; Bräunig, Patrícia

; Guerra, Renata Rojas

; Sangioni, Luís Antônio

; Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto

; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2024, Volume 33 N. 1 elocation e013723

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a disease that originated in Africa and currently affects cattle in several South American countries, including almost all Brazilian states. Despite the reports on T. vivax infection in southern Brazil, data on its circulation status is currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to detect anti-Trypanosoma spp. IgG antibodies in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul and suggest areas with T. vivax transmission risk. A total of 691 serum samples from cattle in the intermediate regions of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The overall seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma antibodies in cattle was 24.6% (170/691). The detection rate ranged from 0-37.3%, with a high prevalence in the intermediate regions of Ijuí (37.3%), Uruguaiana (30.7%), and Passo Fundo (28.9%). Thus, these regions were suggested as possible bovine trypanosomosis risk areas due to the high seroprevalence. This is the first serological study to determine Trypanosoma spp. infection status in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul, providing data on the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the state.

Resumo A tripanossomose bovina, causada por Trypanosoma vivax, é uma doença que teve origem na África, e atualmente, afeta bovinos em diversos países da América do Sul, incluindo quase todos os estados brasileiros. Apesar dos relatos de infecção por T. vivax, no sul do Brasil, dados sobre seu status de circulação não estão disponíveis atualmente. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi detectar anticorpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma spp. em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul e sugerir possíveis áreas de risco de transmissão de T. vivax. Foi analisado um total de 691 amostras de soro de bovinos, das regiões intermediárias do Rio Grande do Sul, usando-se o ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFA). A soroprevalência geral de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma em bovinos foi de 24,6% (170/691). A taxa de detecção variou de 0 a 37,3%, com uma alta prevalência nas regiões intermediárias de Ijuí (37,3%), Uruguaiana (30,7%) e Passo Fundo (28,9%). Portanto, essas regiões foram sugeridas como possíveis áreas de risco para a tripanossomose bovina, devido à alta soroprevalência. Este é o primeiro estudo sorológico a determinar o status de infecção por Trypanosoma spp., em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul, fornecendo dados sobre a epidemiologia da tripanossomose no estado.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612024002

Comparison of McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of internal parasites in pigs
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Class, Camila Souza Carvalho

; Fialho, Priscila Alves

; Alves, Leucio Câmara

; Silveira, Renato Luiz

; Amendoeira, Maria Regina Reis

; Knackfuss, Fabiana Batalha

; Barbosa, Alynne da Silva

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 2 elocation e013322

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC quantitative techniques in the investigation of helminths in feces of pigs. An analysis was made of 74 fecal samples from pigs raised on family farms located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These were analyzed by the Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster techniques in a solution of 1,200g/mL NaCl. This investigation revealed a superiority in the frequency of all helminths detected by Mini-FLOTAC, including Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, strongyles and Strongyloides ransomi. The Kappa index revealed substantial agreement in all comparisons made in relation to the frequency of positive samples. However, significant statistical differences in the comparison of EPGs between McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC were observed for all nematodes (p ≤0.05). Higher values of Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r), between the techniques in relation to EPG were observed for A. suum and T. suis, differently from what was observed for strongyles and S. ransomi. Mini-FLOTAC proved to be a more satisfactory and reliable technique both for the diagnosis of parasites and for the determination of EPG in pig feces due to the larger size of its counting chambers, thus increasing the helminth egg recovery rates.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou comparar a eficiência das técnicas quantitativas de McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC para a pesquisa de helmintos em fezes de suínos. Foram analisadas 74 amostras fecais de suínos mantidos em propriedades familiares, localizadas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estas foram analisadas pelas técnicas de Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster com solução de NaCl 1.200g/mL. Pode-se verificar uma superioridade na frequência de todos os helmintos detectados por meio do Mini-FLOTAC, incluindo-se Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, estrongilídeos e Strongyloides ransomi. O índice Kappa mostrou uma concordância substancial em todas as comparações realizadas, em relação à frequência de amostras positivas. Entretanto, diferenças estatísticas significativas na comparação do OPG entre McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC foram observadas para todos os nematoides (p ≤0.05). Elevados valores do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foram observados entre as técnicas, em relação ao OPG para A. suum e T. suis, diferentemente do evidenciado para estrôngilos e S. ransomi. Mini-FLOTAC mostrou-se uma técnica mais satisfatória e confiável, tanto para o diagnóstico de parasitos quanto para a determinação do OPG em fezes de suínos, devido ao maior tamanho das suas câmaras de contagem, situação que acaba aumentando a eficiência da recuperação dos ovos dos helmintos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023013

Profile of pregnant women and children accompanied due to T. gondii exposure at a referred healthcare center: What has changed in 10 years?
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Soares, Janer Aparecida Silveira

; Holzmann, Ana Paula Ferreira

; Alves, Bárbara Bispo da Silva

; Lima, Caio Fagundes Quadros

; Caldeira, Antônio Prates

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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2023, Volume 23 elocation e20220225

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objectives: to characterize the profile of pregnant women and newborns accompanied at a reference center for infectious-parasitic diseases, after the exposure of T. gondii, establishing comparisons with a previous study, in the same location, ten years ago. Methods: this is a retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of four years (2016 to 2019), using the previous study carried out from 2002 to 2010 as a comparative for the variables assessed. Mothers who presented tests suggestive of seroconversion for the disease during prenatal care and their respective concepts, followed up over a year, were included. The chi-square test was used, assuming a significance level of 5% for the comparison of the groups in the two periods. Results: during the period from 2016 to 2019, 79 binomials were studied, whereas 58 binomials were accompanied in the previous period. Comparing both periods, the findings showed lower proportions of adolescents (p<0.001), with low schooling (p<0.001), with low serological testing (p<0.001) and with late or postnatal diagnosis (p<0.001). As to the children, the findings showed fewer changes in fundoscopy (p<0.001), strabismus (p=0.002), hepatomegaly (p=0.026) and any sequelae (p<0.001). Conclusion: a positive advance was observed regarding the care provided for the mother-child binomial affected by T. gondii, with a reduction in negative outcomes for the child. However, there are still challenges concerning the diagnosis and proper management of the disease.

Resumo Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil de gestantes e neonatos acompanhadas em um centro de referência em doenças infecto-parasitárias, após exposição ao Toxoplasma gondii, estabelecendo comparações em relação a estudo prévio, no mesmo local, há dez anos. Métodos: trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com seguimento de quatro anos (2016 a 2019), servindo o estudo prévio realizado de 2002 a 2010 como comparativo para as variáveis estudadas. Foram incluídas mães que apresentaram durante o pré-natal exames sugestivos soroconversão para a doença e seus respectivos conceptos, acompanhados ao longo de um ano. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, assumindo-se nível de significância de 5% para a comparação dos grupos nos dois períodos. Resultados: durante o período de 2016 a 2019, foram estudados 79 binômios, enquanto no período anterior foram acompanhados 58 binômios. Comparando-se os dois períodos, em relação às mães, registraram-se menores proporções de adolescentes (p<0,001), de baixa escolaridade (p<0,001), baixa realização de testes sorológicos (p<0,001) e com diagnóstico tardio ou pós-natal (p<0,001). Em relação às crianças, verificaram-se menores proporções de alterações de fundoscopia (p<0,001), estrabismo (p=0,002), hepatomegalia (p=0,026) e qualquer sequela (p<0,001). Conclusão: observou-se um avanço em relação aos cuidados para o binômio mãe-filho acometido pelo T. gondii, com redução de desfechos negativos sobre a criança. Todavia, ainda existem desafios para o diagnóstico e adequado manejo da doença.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9304202300000225

Encapsulation of benznidazole in nanostructured lipid carriers and increased trypanocidal activity in a resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strain
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Silva, Flávia Lidiane Oliveira da

; Marques, Maria Betânia de Freitas

; Yoshida, Maria Irene

; Mussel, Wagner da Nova

; Silveira, João Vinícios Wirbitzki da

; Barroso, Poliana Ribeiro

; Kato, Kelly Cristina

; Martins, Helen Rodrigues

; Carneiro, Guilherme

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2023, Volume 59 elocation e22111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose treatment has remained unsatisfactory for over 50 years, given that it is limited to two drugs. Benznidazole (BZN) is an efficient antichagasic drug used as the first choice, although its poor water-solubility, irregular oral absorption, low efficacy in the chronic phase, and various associated adverse effects are limiting factors for treatment. Incorporating drugs with such characteristics into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) is a promising alternative to overcome these limiting obstacles, enhancing drug efficacy and bioavailability while reducing toxicity. Therefore, this study proposed NLC-BZN formulations in different compositions prepared by hot-melt homogenization followed by ultrasound, and the optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DRX, DSC, and thermogravimetry. Biological activities included in vitro membrane toxicity (red blood cells), fibroblast cell cytotoxicity, and trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. The optimized NLC-BZN had a small size (110 nm), negative zeta potential (-18.0 mV), and high encapsulation (1.64% of drug loading), as shown by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The NLC-BZN also promoted lower in vitro membrane toxicity (<3% hemolysis), and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for NLC-BZN in L929 fibroblast cells (110.7 µg/mL) was twice the value as the free BZN (51.3 µg/mL). Our findings showed that the NLC-BZN had higher trypanocidal activity than free BZN against the epimastigotes of the resistant Colombian strain, and this novel NLC-BZN formulation proved to be a promising tool in treating Chagas disease and considered suitable for oral and parenteral administration.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e22111

Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp in tissues of Sus scrofa slaughtered in southern Brazil
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Freitas, Bibiana Rodrigues de

; Rosa, Gilneia da

; Roman, Isac Junior

; Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero

; Gressler, Letícia Trevisan

; Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto

; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flôres

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 3 elocation e004623

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora caninum, in tissues of wild boars slaughtered in southern Brazil. A total of 156 samples were collected from different organs of 25 wild boars, and DNA from at least one of the protozoa investigated was detected in 79 samples. To differentiate between infectious agents, restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed using the restriction enzymes DdeI and HpaII. For N. caninum, conventional PCR was performed with specific primers. The DNA of at least one of the studied pathogens was detected in each animal: 26.58% for T. gondii, 68.36% for Sarcocystis spp. and 5.06% for N. caninum. Coinfection between T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp. occurred in 14 animals, between T. gondii and N. caninum in only one male animal, between Sarcocystis spp. and N. caninum in a female, while co-infection with the three agents was equally observed in only one male animal. Considering the high frequency of detection and its zoonotic risk, especially T. gondii, it appears that wild boars can be potential sources of transmission of infectious agents and the adoption of monitoring measures in these populations should be prioritized.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de ácido desoxirribonucléico (DNA) de Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. e Neospora caninum, em tecidos de javalis abatidos no sul do Brasil. Foram coletadas 156 amostras de diferentes órgãos de 25 javalis, sendo detectado o DNA de pelo menos um dos protozoários pesquisados em 79 amostras. Para diferenciar entre os agentes infecciosos, o polimorfismo do comprimento do fragmento de restrição, foi realizado usando-se as enzimas de restrição DdeI e HpaII. Para N. caninum, a PCR convencional foi realizada com "primers" específicos. O DNA de pelo menos um dos patógenos estudados foi detectado em cada animal: 26,58% para T. gondii, 68,36% para Sarcocystis spp. e 5,06% para N. caninum. Coinfecção entre T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp. ocorreu em 14 animais; entre T. gondii e N. caninum em apenas um animal macho; entre Sarcocystis spp. e N. caninum em uma fêmea, enquanto a coinfecção com os três agentes foi observada igualmente em apenas um animal macho. Considerando-se a alta frequência de detecção e seu risco zoonótico, especialmente T. gondii, constata-se que os javalis podem ser potenciais fontes de transmissão de agentes infecciosos, e a adoção de medidas de monitoramento nessas populações devem ser priorizadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023048

Statistical analysis of blast-induced vibration near an open pit mine
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LOPES, PAULO FILIPE T.

; LUZ, JOSÉ AURÉLIO M. DA

; PEREIRA, TIAGO M.

; SILVEIRA, LEANDRO GERALDO C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 1 elocation e20210008

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Blast-induced vibration may be harmful to facilities in the vicinity of operating mines, mainly causing structural damage and human discomfort. This study presents an application of multivariate statistics to predict vibration levels regarding their potential to cause structural damage and human discomfort. An extensive seismic monitoring campaign was executed in a large open-pit iron ore mine, near a small village, to gather a dataset for a predictive multivariate analysis. Ten blasting events have produced a dataset of 158 valid measurements. Three classes of vibration peak velocity were adopted from legal standards, which later supported a cluster analysis. Then, it was possible to compare how much these two classification modalities respond to discriminant analysis. The next step was to carry out a principal component analysis (PCA) from the original database, and, comparatively, to plot both the scores concerning the classes derived from the vibration standard and those from the groups obtained from cluster analysis. PCA has considerably explained the data variability, while the three classes from cluster analysis resulted very similar to the corresponding ones from the vibration standards. The results have demonstrated that multivariate statistics may be applied to manage blasting-induced vibration and its deleterious effects with few adjustments and automation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210008

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil
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Marques, Ricardo

; Garda, Adrian A.

; Furtado, Adriana P.

; Bruinjé, Andre C.

; Protázio, Arielson dos S.

; de Carvalho, Breno F.

; Vieira, Cecília R.

; Gomes, Dandara

; Pantoja, Davi L.

; Figueiredo, Diainara da S.

; Shepard, Donald B.

; Camurugi, Felipe

; Coelho, Felipe E. A.

; Magalhães, Felipe M.

; Caetano, Gabriel H. O.

; Colli, Guarino R.

; Paulino, Henrique M.

; Carvalho, Izabelle T. S.

; Graciene, Joedma

; Alvarenga, Júlio M.

; Clay, Natalie A.

; Albuquerque, Ralph L.

; Bosque, Renan J.

; Faria, Renato

; da Silveira-Filho, Ricardo R.

; Mângia, Sarah

; Cavalcante, Vitor H. G. L.

; Vieira, Washington L. S.

; da Silva, Willianilson P.

; Soares, Yan F. F.

; Mesquita, Daniel O.

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 N. 4 elocation e20231520

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1520

Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Amaryllidaceae
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Paiva, M. J. M.

; Nascimento, G. N. L.

; Damasceno, I. A. M.

; Santos, T. T.

; Silveira, D.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e277092

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The Amaryllidaceae family is widely distributed in the tropics, presenting biological activity attributed mostly to alkaloids, such as an important inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The present study aims to review the spectrum of action of the main biological activities and toxicity of secondary metabolites found in Amaryllidaceae through a literature review, using Prisma and the descriptors “Pharmacological effects of Amaryllidaceae” and “Amaryllidaceae family” and “Pharmacological actions of Amaryllidaceae”, used in English and Portuguese. The literature search was done in March and May 2023. Original works published from 2012 to 2023, available in full, and presenting experimental and clinical studies were included. After the selection considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles fulfilled the defined criteria. From a pharmacological point of view, the highlight is due to the alkaloid galantamine, which has the potential- and is already used - for treating Alzheimer's. The toxicological aspect must be considered and evaluated carefully, as alkaloids have been associated with adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory changes. Furthermore, some studies indicate that consuming these plants in significant quantities can lead to hepatic and renal toxicity. Therefore, the therapeutical use of this family's plant drugs and derivatives requires further studies to elucidate its effects and point out metabolites with therapeutic potential.

Resumo A família Amaryllidaceae é amplamente distribuída nos trópicos, apresentando atividade biológica atribuída principalmente a alcaloides, com importante atividade inibitória da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), atividade antifúngica, antibacteriana e citotóxica. O presente estudo tem como objetivo revisar o espectro de ação das principais atividades biológicas e toxicidade dos metabólitos secundários encontrados em Amaryllidaceae por meio de uma revisão de literatura, utilizando Prisma e os descritores “Efeitos farmacológicos de Amaryllidaceae” e “Família Amaryllidaceae” e “Ações farmacológicas de Amaryllidaceae “, usado em inglês e português. A busca na literatura foi realizada nos meses de março e maio de 2023. Foram incluídos estudos originais publicados no período de 2012 a 2023, disponíveis na íntegra e apresentando estudos experimentais e clínicos. Após a seleção considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 60 artigos atenderam aos critérios definidos. Do ponto de vista farmacológico, o destaque fica por conta do alcaloide galantamina, que tem potencial - e já é utilizado - para o tratamento do Alzheimer. O aspecto toxicológico deve ser considerado e avaliado com cautela, pois os alcaloides têm sido associados a efeitos adversos como náuseas, vômitos, diarreia, dor abdominal, alterações cardiovasculares, neurológicas e respiratórias. Além disso, alguns estudos indicam que consumir essas plantas em quantidades significativas pode levar a toxicidade hepática e renal. Portanto, o uso terapêutico de drogas vegetais e derivados desta família requer mais estudos para elucidar seus efeitos e apontar metabólitos com potencial terapêutico.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.277092

10.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

11.

Sobrevida de Pacientes Transplantados Cardíacos com Doença de Chagas Sob Diferentes Regimes de Imunossupressores Antiproliferativos
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Furquim, Silas Ramos

; Galbiati, Luana Campoli

; Avila, Monica S.

; Marcondes-Braga, Fabiana G.

; Fukushima, Julia

; Mangini, Sandrigo

; Seguro, Luis Fernando Bernal da Costa

; Campos, Iascara Wozniak de

; Strabelli, Tania Mara Varejão

; Barone, Fernanda

; Paulo, Audrey Rose da Silveira Amancio de

; Ohe, Luciana Akutsu

; Galante, Mariana Cappelletti

; Gaiotto, Fabio Antonio

; Bacal, Fernando

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 10 elocation e20230133

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Chagas’ disease (CD) is an important cause of heart transplantation (HT). The main obstacle is Chagas’ disease reactivation (CDR), usually associated to high doses of immunosuppressants. Previous studies have suggested an association of mycophenolate mofetil with increased CDR. However, mortality predictors are unknown. Objectives To identify mortality risk factors in heart transplant patients with CD and the impact of antiproliferative regimen on survival. Methods Retrospective study with CD patients who underwent HT between January 2004 and September 2020, under immunosuppression protocol that prioritized azathioprine and change to mycophenolate mofetil in case of rejection. We performed univariate regression to identify mortality predictors; and compared survival, rejection and evidence of CDR between who received azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and those who changed from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil after discharge (“Change” group). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eighty-five patients were included, 54.1% men, median age 49 (39-57) years, and 91.8% were given priority in waiting list. Nineteen (22.4%) used azathioprine, 37 (43.5%) mycophenolate mofetil and 29 (34.1%) switched therapy; survival was not different between groups, 2.9 (1.6-5.0) x 2.9 (1.8-4.8) x 4.2 (2.0-5.0) years, respectively; p=0.4. There was no difference in rejection (42%, 73% and 59% respectively; p=0.08) or in CDR (T. cruzi positive by endomyocardial biopsy 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0.7; benznidazole use 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0.8; positive PCR for T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectively; p=0.1) rates. Conclusions This retrospective study did not show difference in survival in heart transplant patients with CD receiving different antiproliferative regimens. Mycophenolate mofetil was not associated with statistically higher rates of CDR or graft rejection in this cohort. New randomized clinical trials are necessary to address this issue.

Resumo Fundamento A Doença de Chagas (DC) é uma causa importante de transplante cardíaco (TC). O principal obstáculo é a reativação da DC (RDC), normalmente associada a altas doses de imunossupressores. Estudos anteriores sugeriram uma associação do micofenolato de mofetila com aumento na RDC. No entanto, preditores de mortalidade são desconhecidos. Objetivos Identificar os fatores de risco de mortalidade em pacientes com DC após o TC e o impacto do regime antiproliferativo sobre a sobrevida. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes chagásicos submetidos ao TC entre janeiro de 2004 e setembro de 2020, em protocolo de imunossupressão que priorizava o uso de azatioprina e sua mudança para micofenolato de mofetila em caso de rejeição. Realizamos regressão univariada para identificar preditores de mortalidade e comparamos sobrevida, rejeição, e evidência RDC entre os pacientes que usavam azatioprina, micofenolato de mofetila, e aqueles que mudaram de azatioprina para micofenolato (grupo “Mudança”) após a alta. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, 54,1% homens, idade mediana 49 (39-57) anos, e 91,8% com prioridade na lista de espera. Dezenove (22,4%) usavam azatioprina, 37 (43,5%) micofenolato de mofetila, e 29 (34,1%) trocaram a terapia; a sobrevida não foi diferente entre os grupos, 2,9 (1,6-5,0) x 2,9 (1,8-4,8) x 4,2 (2,0-5,0) anos, respectivamente; p=0,4. Não houve diferença na taxa de rejeição (42%, 73% e 59% respectivamente; p=0,08) ou de RDC (T. cruzi positiva na biópsia endomiocárdica 5% x 11% x 7%; p=0,7; uso benzonidazol 58% x 65% x 69%; p=0,8; PCR positiva para T. cruzi 20% x 68% x 42% respectivamente; p=0,1). Conclusões Este estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com DC e TC não mostrou diferença na sobrevida entre os diferentes regimes antiproliferativos. O uso de micofenolato de mofetila não foi associado com taxas significativamente mais altas de RDC ou rejeição do enxerto nesta coorte. Novos ensaios randomizados são necessários para abordar essa questão.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230133

12.

Accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in irrigated cassava cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region
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Alves, Francisco A. T.

; Silveira, Flávio P. da M.

; Lopes, Welder de A. R.

; Oliveira, Francisco de A. de

; Silveira, Lindomar M. da

; Barros Júnior, Aurélio P.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2022, Volume 26 N. 12 Pages 930 - 938

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O fósforo tem importância fundamental para o suprimento energético necessário para o metabolismo vegetal, mas ainda é pouco estudado em culturas importantes, como a mandioca. Objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo e a eficiência do uso do fósforo em diferentes cultivares de mandioca no semiárido. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em duas safras agrícolas, 2018/2019 e 2019/2020, em Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram aplicadas no sulco de cultivo cinco doses de fósforo (P) (0; 60; 120; 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de P2O5), e, nas subparcelas quatro cultivares de mandioca (Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, Recife e Venâncio). As cultivares Água Morna e Recife exportam mais fósforo através de suas raízes. As cultivares Venâncio e Água Morna apresentam maior eficiência agronômica quando adubadas com 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5. A eficiência aparente de recuperação do P apresentou a seguinte ordem: ‘BRS Gema de Ovo’ > ‘Água Morna’ > ‘Venâncio’ > ‘Recife’, com maiores índices na dose de 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5.

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is of fundamental importance for the energy supply necessary for plant metabolism, but it is still understudied for important agricultural crops such as cassava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in different cassava cultivars in the semiarid region. Two experiments were carried out during two agricultural seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plots, with four replicates. In the plots, five doses of phosphorus (P) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5) were applied in the planting furrow, and four cassava cultivars (Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, Recife, and Venâncio) were cultivated in the subplots. The cultivars Água Morna and Recife export more phosphorus through their roots. The cultivars Venâncio and Água Morna show greater agronomic efficiency when fertilized with 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The apparent P recovery efficiency presented the following order: ‘BRS Gema de Ovo’ > ‘Água Morna’ > ‘Venâncio’ > ‘Recife’, with higher indices at the dose of 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n12p930-938

13.

Germination and vigor of soybean genotypes seeds under saline stress
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Alves, Francisco A. T.

; Lins, Hamurábi A.

; Albuquerque, José R. T. de

; Paiva, Emanoela P. de

; Oliveira, Francisco de A. de

; Silveira, Lindomar M. da

; Mendonça, Vander

; Barros Júnior, Aurélio P.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2022, Volume 26 N. 12 Pages 939 - 946

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A soja destaca-se entre as culturas com maior aplicação da transgenia, principalmente para tolerância a herbicidas, pragas e doenças, mas são escassos estudos sobre estresse salino em plantas geneticamente modificadas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a tolerância ao estresse salino de genótipos de soja, tradicionais e geneticamente modificadas, nas fases de germinação e plântulas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas sementes de 13 genótipos de soja, sendo cinco tradicionais (BRS Carnaúba, BRS Pérola, BRS Tracajá, BRS Sambaíba e FTR-4389) e oito transgênicas (BRS Sambaíba RR, BRS-333-RR, BRS-9820-RR, PAS-13565-74-RR, PAS-11711-007-RR, BRS-918-IPRO, AS-3810-IPRO e M-8210-IPRO), submetidas a quatro potenciais osmóticos (0.0; -0.1; -0.2 e -0.3 MPa). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada a partir das seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, acúmulo de massa seca e índice de tolerância à salinidade. Todas as variáveis foram afetadas pelo estresse salino. Os genótipos convencionais BRS Carnaúba, BRS Pérola, BRS Tracajá, BRS Sambaíba, bem como do grupo RR PAS-13565-74-RR e PAS-11711-007-RR são tolerantes à salinidade. Os genótipos FTR-4389 (convencional) BRS Sambaíba RR (RR) são menos tolerantes ao estresse salino. Todos os genótipos do grupo IPRO são moderadamente tolerantes ao estresse salino.

ABSTRACT Soybean stands out among the crops with the greatest application of transgenics, mainly for tolerance to herbicides, pests, and diseases; however, studies on salt stress in genetically modified plants are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of both traditional and genetically modified soybean genotypes to saline stress during the germination and seedling phases. Seeds of 13 soybean genotypes were selected (five traditional (BRS Carnaúba, BRS Pérola, BRS Tracajá, BRS Sambaíba, and FTR-4389) and eight transgenic (BRS Sambaíba RR, BRS-333-RR, BRS-9820- RR, PAS-13565-74-RR, PAS-11711-007-RR, BRS-918-IPRO, AS-3810-IPRO, and M-8210-IPRO)), subjected to four osmotic potentials (0.0, 0.1, -0.2, and -0.3 MPa). The seed quality was evaluated using the following variables: the germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot length, root length, dry mass accumulation, and salinity tolerance index. All variables were found to be affected by salt stress. However, the conventional genotypes, BRS Carnaúba, BRS Pérola, BRS Tracajá, and BRS Sambaíba, and the RR group PAS-13565-74-RR, and PAS-11711-007-RR were tolerant to salinity, whereas the genotypes FTR-4389 (conventional) and BRS Sambaíba RR (RR) were less tolerant to salt stress, and all genotypes in the IPRO group were moderately tolerant to salt stress.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n12p939-946

14.

Flood pulse influence on the feeding ecology of two Amazonian auchenipterid catfishes
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Freitas, Tiago Magalhães da Silva

; Prudente, Bruno da Silveira

; Montag, Luciano Fogaça de Assis

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2022, Volume 20 N. 1 elocation e210103

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Avaliamos o efeito do pulso de inundação na composição da dieta, amplitude de nicho trófico e quantidade de alimento ingerido de dois auchenipterídeos amazônicos com diferentes estratégias alimentares. Os espécimes foram amostrados trimestralmente entre abril/2012 e janeiro/2014 no médio rio Xingu, utilizando malhadeiras. Estes foram mensurados quanto ao comprimento padrão e peso total. Os estômagos dos espécimes foram removidos, pesados e seu conteúdo identificado. Analisamos 360 estômagos de Auchenipterus nuchalis e 584 de Tocantinsia piresi. A dieta de A. nuchalis foi predominantemente composta por insetos aquáticos e crustáceos, enquanto para T. piresi frutos e sementes predominaram. A composição da dieta de ambas as espécies variou sazonalmente, mas apenas para T. piresi a amplitude de nicho trófico variou entre períodos hidrológicos, sendo mais especialista nos períodos de águas altas (enchente e cheia). Ambas as espécies diferiram na quantidade de alimento ingerido entre os períodos hidrológicos, sendo maior para A. nuchalis nos períodos de águas baixas (vazante e seca) e para T. piresi nos períodos de águas altas. Evidenciamos diferentes respostas à variação hidrológica pelas espécies. Enfatizamos que estudos considerando a relação entre a dinâmica do pulso de inundação e a ecologia alimentar dos organismos é fundamental para um melhor entendimento da dinâmica das planícies de inundação.

ABSTRACT We assessed the flood pulse effect on the diet composition, trophic niche breadth, and the amount of food intake of two Amazonian auchenipterids with different feeding strategies. Sampling was carried out quarterly (from April/2012 to January/2014) on the middle Xingu River, using gillnets. We measured specimens for standard length and total weight. The specimens’ stomachs were removed, weighed, and had their contents identified. We analyzed 360 stomachs of Auchenipterus nuchalis and 584 of Tocantinsia piresi. The diet of A. nuchalis was mainly composed of aquatic insects and crustaceans, while T. piresi fed on fruits and seeds. The diet composition of both species varied seasonally, but only T. piresi changed its trophic niche breadth in response to hydrological changes, becoming more specialist during the higher water periods (filling and flood). Both species also showed differences in their amount of food intake between hydrological periods, with A. nuchalis feeding more intensely in lower water periods (ebb and dry), while T. piresi in the higher water periods. We evidenced different responses to the hydrological periods for the related species. We emphasize that studies considering the relationship between flood pulse and feeding ecology of the organisms are essential to understanding river floodplain systems’ dynamics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0103

15.

Do biofertilizers affect nodulation ability and pod production in peanut genotypes?
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JULIÃO, ANA KELLY S.

; LUZ, LUCAS N. DA

; GADELHA, MARYSSOL T.

; OLIVEIRA, MATHEUS L.

; SILVEIRA, MARIA V.S.

; CASTRO, SAMUEL F.A.O.

; BARROS, LENIN P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 2 elocation e20201163

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Peanuts are an important legume for the Northeastern Brazilian market, but their production in this region is low. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on peanut nodulation and production components, to define the best dose and genotype. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (DBC) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The treatments consisted of two evaluation factors: 1) Fertilization via different doses of organic fertilizer applied to the substrate (D1 = 0mL; D2 = 500mL; and D3 = 1000mL); and 2) Peanut genotypes (BR-1, UNI43 and UNI08). The following traits were assessed: number of nodules per plant (NNP), number of mature pods (NVM), pod mass per plant (MVP), seed mass per plant (MSP) and root length (CR). Peanut production is affected by fertilization via bovine biofertilizer, mainly for the components NVM, MVP and MSP. Besides, nodulation is a likely conditioner. The 1000mL dose proved to be the best treatment for the traits analyzed, and UNI08 accession, the most responsive material.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201163

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