Abstract: Tobacco smoking involves a high risk of human malignancies, including oral cancer, because it contains multiple carcinogens that cause genetic instability. Thus, a worse prognosis would be expected for cancer patients who are smokers. The aim of this study was to assess the DNA damage response through the expression of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), H2A histone family member X (H2AX), and P53 among smokers and non-smokers with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Associations between immunoexpression of proteins and clinicopathological data and histopathological grading were also analyzed. A total of 35 individuals (18 non-smokers and 17 smokers) with OSCC of the tongue and/or floor of the mouth were included. Immunohistochemistry for H2AX was conducted for the identification of double-strand breaks, CHK2, and P53 to evaluate the expression of this protein in cell cycle regulation. The sample consisted of 22 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 63.9±11.8 years. OSCC of non-smokers were well-differentiated tumors in 50% of the cases, and those of smokers were equally distributed into moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors (35.3% each). Overall, 31 (88.6%) cases were CHK2-positive, 27 (77.1%) were H2AX-positive, and 23 (65.7%) were P53-positive, with no difference between smokers and non-smokers (p > 0.05). No association was found between proteins and clinicopathologic data (p > 0.05). Similarities in CHK2, H2AX, and P53 immunohistochemical staining patterns were observed between smokers and non-smokers, and immunoexpression was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. However, the findings indicated consistent expression of these proteins in OSCC.

RESUMO Ormosia grossa Rudd é uma espécie amazônica que apresenta sementes bicolores, o que permite sua exploração para confecção de artesanatos e decorações. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência de diferentes métodos de superação de dormência no desempenho germinativo de sementes de Ormosia grossa. Para a condução do experimento, foram estabelecidos tratamentos: T1= escarificação com lixa número 80 e imersão em água à temperatura ambiente por 24 horas; T2 = punção e imersão em água à temperatura ambiente por 24 horas; T3= escarificação com lixa número 80; T4= punção; T5= imersão em água aquecida a 80 ºC por cinco minutos e T6= Controle - sementes sem nenhum tratamento. As sementes germinam de forma lenta e irregular. Dependendo do tratamento, a germinação iniciou-se entre 10 a 32 dias e, se não houver tratamento pré-germinativo adequado para superar a dormência, pode ultrapassar esse tempo. O desempenho de fitomassa e comprimentos de plântulas foram superiores nos tratamentos T1 e T2. Os tratamentos com escarificação por abrasividade e perfuração são eficientes na superação de dormência, aumentando a velocidade (3,76 e 3,12) e o percentual de germinação (98% e 96%), após 10 dias. O controle foi de 0,01 (IVG) e germinação de 37%. Portanto, é recomendado o método de escarificação com lixa seguida de embebição das sementes em água à temperatura ambiente por 24 horas, pois proporciona o melhor desempenho das plântulas e germinação.

ABSTRACT Ormosia grossa Rudd is an Amazonian species that presents bicolor seeds, allowing its exploration for handicraft and decoration making. This paper aimed to analyze the influence of different methods to overcome dormancy on the germinative performance of Ormosia grossa seeds. To conduct the experiment, the following treatments were established: T1= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T2= puncturing and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T3= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper; T4= puncturing; T5= immersion in water heated to 80 ºC for five minutes, and T6= Control - seeds without any treatment. The seeds germinate slowly and irregularly. Depending on the treatment, germination started between 10 and 32 days and, if there is no adequate pre-germinative treatment to overcome dormancy, it can exceed such time. The phytomass performance and seedling lengths were superior in the T1 and T2 treatments. The scarification by abrasiveness and puncturing treatments are efficient to overcome dormancy, thus increasing the speed (3.76 and 3.12) and germination percentage (98% and 96%) after ten days. The control was 0.01 (IVG), and germination of 37%. Therefore, it is recommended the method of scarification with sandpaper followed by seed imbibition in water at room temperature for 24 hours, as it provides the best seedling performance and germination.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate, according to the literature, the main factors considered facilitators and/or aggravating in the transportation of patients in critical condition. Method This study is a systematic review performed using the PICO method. Results The selected journals comprised a time space in the last 10 years, with six journals eligible, based on the established criteria. The results report that the themes found in this review demonstrate an alignment between care practice and literature, but, for a transportation without adverse events, there must be a union between the management and the professionals involved. Conclusion Although the findings demonstrate a great concern regarding the quality of care and team preparation, the authors believe that more studies should be encouraged since teamwork, despite being complex, is the key to performing the procedures with effectiveness.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar segundo a literatura quais são os principais fatores que são considerados facilitadores e/ou agravantes na realização do transporte de pacientes em estado crítico. Método Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada com método PICO Resultado Os periódicos selecionados compreendiam um espaço temporal nos últimos dez anos, onde 6 periódicos foram elegíveis, baseado nos critérios estabelecidos. Os resultados relatam que os temas encontrados nesta revisão demonstram um alinhamento entre a prática assistencial e a literatura, porém para que o transporte seja realizado sem eventos adversos, é necessário que haja união entre a gestão e os profissionais envolvidos. Conclusão Embora os achados demonstrem uma grande preocupação em relação à qualidade na assistência e no preparo da equipe, os autores acreditam que mais estudos devem ser fomentados uma vez que o trabalho em equipe apesar de ser complexo, é a chave para a realização dos procedimentos com efetividade.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar, según la literatura, cuáles son los principales factores considerados facilitadores y/o agravantes en la realización del transporte de pacientes en estado crítico. Método Este estudio se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada con el método PICO Resultado Los periódicos seleccionados comprendían un espacio temporal en los últimos diez años, donde 6 periódicos fueron elegibles, basado en los criterios establecidos. Los resultados relatan que los temas encontrados en esta revisión demuestran una alineación entre la práctica asistencial y la literatura, pero para que el transporte sea realizado sin eventos adversos, es necesario que haya unión entre la gestión y los profesionales involucrados. Conclusión Aunque los hallazgos demuestren una gran preocupación en relación a la calidad en la asistencia y en la preparación del equipo, los autores creen que más estudios deben ser fomentados una vez que el trabajo en equipo, a pesar de ser complejo, es la clave para la realización de los procedimientos con efectividad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as dimensões preditoras das condições clínico-funcionais e a capacidade cognitiva de idosos residentes no domicílio. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional, analítico, quantitativo. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se: instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais, o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional; e, para avaliar a cognição, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e testes estatísticos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo, 305 idosos, residentes no domicílio, em área urbana e rural. Eles classificaram-se em robustos (71,8%), pré-frágeis (22%) e frágeis (6,2%). Quanto à cognição, 24,9% deles apresentaram déficit cognitivo. Evidenciou-se que o comprometimento cognitivo prediz o desenvolvimento de incapacidade funcional. Conclusão: Considera-se que os profissionais de saúde devem tanto atuar no sentido da manutenção das condições funcionais e cognitivas dos idosos robustos e pré-frágeis quanto atentar para a reabilitação das incapacidades instaladas naquelas pessoas idosas que se encontram em situação de fragilidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the predictive dimensions of clinical-functional conditions and the cognitive capacity of elderly people living at home. Method: Cross-sectional, population-based, analytical, quantitative study was utilized. For data collection, an instrument with sociodemographic and behavioral variables, the Functional Clinical Vulnerability Index; and, to assess cognition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Descriptive analyzes and statistical tests were conducted. Results: 305 elderly subjects, living at home, in urban and rural areas participated in the study. They were classified as robust (71.8%), pre-frail (22%) and frail (6.2%). As for cognition, 24.9% of them had cognitive impairment. It was shown that cognitive impairment predicts the development of functional disability. Conclusion: It is considered that health professionals should both act in order to maintain the functional and cognitive conditions of the robust and pre-frail elderly people and pay attention to the rehabilitation of the disabilities installed in those elderly people who are in a situation of frailty.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las dimensiones indicadoras de las condiciones clínico-funcionales y la capacidad cognitiva de ancianos residentes en el domicilio. Método: Estudio transversal de base poblacional, analítico, cuantitativo. Para recogida de datos, se ha utilizado: instrumento con variables sociodemográficas y comportamentales, el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Clínico Funcional; y, para evaluar la cognición, el Mini Examen del Estado Mental. Han sido conducidos análisis descriptivos y test estadísticos. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, 305 ancianos, residentes en el domicilio, en área urbana y rural. Ellos se clasificaron en robustos (71,8%), pre-frágiles (22%) y frágiles (6,2%). En cuanto a la cognición, 24,9% de ellos presentaron déficit cognitivo. Se ha evidenciado que el comprometimiento cognitivo predice el desarrollo de incapacidad funcional. Conclusión: Se considera que los profesionales de salud deben tanto actuar en el sentido de la manutención de las condiciones funcionales y cognitivas de los ancianos robustos y pre-frágiles cuanto atentar para la rehabilitación de las incapacidades instaladas en aquellas personas ancianas que se encuentran en situación de fragilidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the predictive dimensions of clinical-functional conditions and the cognitive capacity of elderly people living at home. Method: Cross-sectional, population-based, analytical, quantitative study was utilized. For data collection, an instrument with sociodemographic and behavioral variables, the Functional Clinical Vulnerability Index; and, to assess cognition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Descriptive analyzes and statistical tests were conducted. Results: 305 elderly subjects, living at home, in urban and rural areas participated in the study. They were classified as robust (71.8%), pre-frail (22%) and frail (6.2%). As for cognition, 24.9% of them had cognitive impairment. It was shown that cognitive impairment predicts the development of functional disability. Conclusion: It is considered that health professionals should both act in order to maintain the functional and cognitive conditions of the robust and pre-frail elderly people and pay attention to the rehabilitation of the disabilities installed in those elderly people who are in a situation of frailty.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las dimensiones indicadoras de las condiciones clínico-funcionales y la capacidad cognitiva de ancianos residentes en el domicilio. Método: Estudio transversal de base poblacional, analítico, cuantitativo. Para recogida de datos, se ha utilizado: instrumento con variables sociodemográficas y comportamentales, el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Clínico Funcional; y, para evaluar la cognición, el Mini Examen del Estado Mental. Han sido conducidos análisis descriptivos y test estadísticos. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, 305 ancianos, residentes en el domicilio, en área urbana y rural. Ellos se clasificaron en robustos (71,8%), pre-frágiles (22%) y frágiles (6,2%). En cuanto a la cognición, 24,9% de ellos presentaron déficit cognitivo. Se ha evidenciado que el comprometimiento cognitivo predice el desarrollo de incapacidad funcional. Conclusión: Se considera que los profesionales de salud deben tanto actuar en el sentido de la manutención de las condiciones funcionales y cognitivas de los ancianos robustos y pre-frágiles cuanto atentar para la rehabilitación de las incapacidades instaladas en aquellas personas ancianas que se encuentran en situación de fragilidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as dimensões preditoras das condições clínico-funcionais e a capacidade cognitiva de idosos residentes no domicílio. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional, analítico, quantitativo. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se: instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais, o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional; e, para avaliar a cognição, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e testes estatísticos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo, 305 idosos, residentes no domicílio, em área urbana e rural. Eles classificaram-se em robustos (71,8%), pré-frágeis (22%) e frágeis (6,2%). Quanto à cognição, 24,9% deles apresentaram déficit cognitivo. Evidenciou-se que o comprometimento cognitivo prediz o desenvolvimento de incapacidade funcional. Conclusão: Considera-se que os profissionais de saúde devem tanto atuar no sentido da manutenção das condições funcionais e cognitivas dos idosos robustos e pré-frágeis quanto atentar para a reabilitação das incapacidades instaladas naquelas pessoas idosas que se encontram em situação de fragilidade.

Abstract Objective: To compare the immediate microleakage of carious fissures sealed with a caries infiltrant covered by a flowable composite or solely with a flowable composite. Material and Methods: Extracted carious molars (n=20) were selected and paired among the experimental groups according to caries progression scores. Experimental groups (n=10) were divided according to the following sealing techniques: 1) caries infiltrant (Icon) + flowable composite (Z350 flow); 2) flowable composite (Z350 flow). Specimens were immersed in 3% methylene blue and evaluated in a stereomicroscope. Microleakage scores were attributed independently by two calibrated evaluators and the mode value was considered as the mean for the specimen. Binomial tests were used to test differences between two independent sample proportions at 5% significance level. Results: In the flowable composite group, a higher prevalence of dye penetration along the full depth of the fissure was observed, compared with caries infiltrant + flowable composite (p<0.05). For specimens showing dye penetration up to half of the fissure, in caries infiltrant + flowable composite group, all specimens showed dye penetration into the sealant, but not over the infiltrant. Conclusion: Using caries infiltrant as sealing material under a flowable composite cover is effective to improve the immediate sealing ability in carious fissures compared to sealing with flowable composite.

Abstract Transvaginal follicular aspiration technique together with in vitro embryo production are the biotechnological alternatives currently available to support genetic improvement breeding programs in buffalo species. However, aspects related to animal management, lack of knowledge of the metabolic needs and biochemical peculiarities of gametes and embryos, as well as the reproductive physiology characteristics have hampered progress in the results. Despite the low availability of good quality oocytes collected after OPU in donors as a physiological characteristic of buffalo species, high rates of oocyte maturation, modest embryo cleavage, blastocyst production and pregnancy rates after transvaginal embryo transfer in recipients could be obtained in buffalo in vitro embryo production programs. The results of implementing an in vitro embryo production program in buffaloes in the northern region of Pará state, Brazil, and results published by other groups demonstrate the feasibility of implementing this biotechnology in the routine of breeding programs. Nevertheless, in order to achieve better and consistent results, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the peculiarities of reproductive biology in this specie. Selection of donor animals based on ovarian size and ovarian follicular reserve and on the rate of blastocyst production is presented as an effective alternative to increase the efficiency of the in vitro embryo production technique applied to the buffalo species.

Resumo: Sementes de azevém com baixa qualidade fisiológica têm resultado em pastagens com inadequado estande de plantas para a cobertura do solo e, sobretudo, para a exploração forrageira. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo propor um teste de vigor para sementes de azevém anual. Foram testadas profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3 cm) em três substratos (areia, fibra de coco e casca de arroz carbonizada) para diferenciar a qualidade fisiológica de quatro lotes de sementes da cultivar BRS Ponteio que apresentaram semelhança no teste de germinação e umidade. Os lotes foram classificados quanto ao vigor pelos testes de emergência em campo, peso de mil sementes, envelhecimento acelerado e primeira contagem da germinação. A profundidade de semeadura em substratos de areia e fibra de coco permitiu a determinação do vigor em sementes de azevém anual (de maneira similar ao observado no teste de germinação no campo), pela porcentagem de emergência e pelo índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas semeadas em areia a 2,5 e em fibra de coco a 3,0 cm de profundidade de semeadura.

Abstract: Annual ryegrass seeds having low physiological quality can lead to the formation of pastures with undesirable plant stands for soil cover and forage utilization pastures. Thus, the objective of this study was proposing a vigor test to classify annual ryegrass seeds. For that, different sowing depths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm) over three substrates (sand, coconut fiber, and carbonized rice husk) were tested to differentiate the physiological quality of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio having similarities in germination and moisture. The seed lots were classified according to vigor through the field seedling emergence (FSE), 1,000-seeds weight, saturated salt accelerated aging, and germination first count. The 2.5 cm of sand sowing depth and 3.0 cm of coconut fiber sowing depth provided separation of seed lots in similar groups of those reported to FSE test through the seedling emergence and speed of seedling emergence tests.

RESUMO: Entre as doenças que acometem os equídeos, as enfermidades bacterianas assumem um papel importante do ponto de vista sanitário e econômico, destacando-se a leptospirose e a brucelose. O estudo teve como objetivo fornecer informações sobre a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. e anti-Brucella abortus em jumentos no estado de São Paulo. Estimou-se que 62,4% (53/85) dos animais apresentavam anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. Os jumentos estudados não foram sororreagentes contra a Brucella spp.

ABSTRACT: Among the diseases that affect equines, bacterial diseases play an important role from a health and economic point of view, especially leptospirosis and brucellosis. The study aimed to provide information on the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies in donkeys of São Paulo state. We found a frequency of 62.4% (53/85) antibodies against Leptospira spp. The donkeys were not seropositive for Brucella spp.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease. Infection triggers an immediate immune response in the host that is mediated by humoral/cellular mechanisms. T cells respond to infection via secretion of cytokines, which inhibit or stimulate one another, leading to cytokine imbalance and ultimately affecting treatment. Studies using interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) showed that TCD8+ cells and cytokine levels are associated with sustainable virological response (SVR). However, studies that investigated the effects of triple therapy (TT) are limited. METHODS: The study included hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ RNA, naives, genotype 1, ≥18 years, and advanced fibrosis (F≥3) patients. Samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (W12) of TT. Six cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Of 31 patients, four were excluded (two deaths, one interrupted TT, and one F2 patient). Of the 27 remaining patients, 21 (78%) were cirrhotic. SVR was achieved in 63% of the patients. The patients had a mean age of 55.11 ± 10.03 years. Analyses at baseline showed that the chemokine CCL5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) (p=0.04) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.02), which was associated with SVR. RANTES (p=0.04) and IL-8 (p=0.01) levels were associated with SVR at W12. CONCLUSIONS Similar to patterns observed during double therapy, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES levels were associated with SVR in TT, indicating the potential role of interferon in immune response to hepatitis C virus.

Abstract Faced with the need for greater knowledge of the different physalis species, the aim of this study was to characterize different Native American physalis species (Physalis peruviana L., Physalis pubescens L., Physalis angulata L., Physalis mínimos L. and Physalis ixocarpa Brot) as to their physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Besides that, in order to increase their use and add even more value to this fruit, we also evaluate the influence of these different species on the physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of physalis jelly. In addition, this study evaluated the sensory acceptance of the combination of physalis jellies obtained from different species with brie-type cheese. The Peruviana, Pubences and Angulata, are highlighted for being the nutritionally richest species, with the highest levels of phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant. Moreover, they stand out for originating the most widely sensory accepted jellies, either in pure form or in combination with brie-type cheese.

Resumo Fundamentos: São desconhecidas as diferenças regionais na utilização da monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA) como alternativa à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) em adolescentes hipertensos. Objetivos: Definir se MRPA é uma opção para confirmar diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes de uma capital brasileira com pressão arterial (PA) elevada. Métodos: Adolescentes (12-18 anos) de escolas públicas e privadas com percentil de PA > 90 foram estudados para comparar e avaliar a concordância entre as medidas de PA, MRPA e MAPA. As medidas de PA de consultório, MRPA e MAPA foram realizadas de acordo com as recomendações das diretrizes. Foram utilizados dispositivos semiautomáticos para medições de PA. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 133 adolescentes predominantemente do sexo masculino (63,2%) com idade média de 15 ± 1,6 anos. Os valores médios da pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica da MRPA foram semelhantes aos valores de MAPA diurnos (120,3 ± 12,6 mmHg x 121,5 ± 9,8 mmHg - p = 0,111 e 69,4 ± 7,7 mmHg x 70,2 ± 6,6 mmHg - p = 0,139) e inferiores aos valores de consultório (127,3 ± 13,8 mmHg por 74,4 ± 9,5 mmHg - p < 0,001). Os gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram boa concordância entre MRPA e MAPA. Conclusões: MRPA é uma opção para confirmar diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes de uma capital brasileira com PA de consultório elevada e pode ser usada como alternativa à MAPA.

Abstract Background: Regional differences of using home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) as an alternative to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive adolescents are unknown. Objectives: Define if HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian capital with elevated office blood pressure (BP). Methods: Adolescents (12-18years) from public and private schools with BP > 90th percentile were studied to compare and evaluate the agreement among office BP measurements, HBPM and ambulatory BP monitoring. Office BP measurements, HBPM and ABPM were performed according to guidelines recommendations. Semi-automatic devices were used for BP measurements. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: We included 133 predominantly males (63.2%) adolescents with a mean age of 15±1.6 years. HBPM systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure mean values were similar to the daytime ABPM values (120.3 ± 12.6 mmHg x 121.5 ± 9.8 mmHg - p = 0.111 and 69.4 ± 7.7 mmHg x 70.2 ± 6.6 mmHg - p = 0.139) and lower than the office measurement values (127.3 ± 13.8 mmHg over 74.4 ± 9.5 mmHg - p < 0,001). The Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between HBPM and ABPM. Conclusions: HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital with elevated office BP and can be used as an alternative to ABPM.

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar a aplicabilidade do teste de envelhecimento acelerado no vigor de sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) em seis lotes de sementes de alface, através da sua correlação com outros testes para avaliação expedita da qualidade fisiológica das sementes da hortícola. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, deterioração controlada e emergência em campo. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A utilização do teste de envelhecimento acelerado a 41°C durante 24 h com solução saturada de NaCl foi o mais indicado para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de alface.

Accelerated aging as a vigor test has been one of the most used, and its application suits many crops. The aim of this research was to analyze the applicability of the accelerated aging test in the vigor of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) by its correlation with other tests for the expeditious evaluation of the physiological quality of the horticultural seeds. Six lots of lettuce seeds were used. The first count of germination, standard germination, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, controlled deterioration, and seedling's field emergence was performed. The design was completely randomized, with four replications. The use of the accelerated aging test at 41°C per 24 h period using saturated NaCl solution is indicated for the evaluation of lettuce seed vigor.

Resumo A farinha de banana verde possui grande potencial como ingrediente funcional em alimentos para fins especiais. No entanto, não há dados na literatura sobre a utilização da mistura de farinha da casca e da polpa da banana verde para o desenvolvimento de produtos, como massas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma massa alimentícia tipo talharim, substituindo a farinha de trigo por uma mistura de farinha de polpa e de casca de banana verde, em diferentes concentrações. As formulações foram preparadas substituindo a farinha de trigo pela mistura de farinha de polpa e de casca de banana verde em duas concentrações: 15% e 30%. Uma formulação controle com farinha de trigo foi elaborada. As farinhas de polpa e de casca de banana verde apresentaram maiores teores de cinzas, fibras totais e compostos fenólicos totais. A formulação adicionada de 15% da farinha de banana verde apresentou o maior teor de cinzas e a melhor aceitabilidade entre as formulações. Desta forma, foi possível desenvolver uma massa alimentícia tipo talharim com aceitação sensorial satisfatória.

Abstract Green banana flour shows good potential as a functional ingredient for special-purpose foods, but there are no data in the literature concerning the use of a green banana pulp and peel flour for the development of products such as pasta. The aim of the present study was to develop tagliatelle pasta substituting the wheat flour with different concentrations of a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour. The pasta formulations were prepared replacing the wheat flour by the green banana mixed pulp and peel flour in two concentrations: 15% and 30%. A control formulation with wheat flour was also prepared. The green banana mixed pulp and peel flour presented higher ash, total fibre and total phenolic compound contents than traditional wheat flour. The pasta formulation with the addition of 15% green banana flour showed the highest ash content and the best sensory acceptability of all the formulations. It was concluded that it was possible to develop a tagliatelle pasta with satisfactory acceptance replacing the wheat flour by a green banana mixed pulp and peel flour.

RESUMO O monocultivo de algodão favorece o desenvolvimento de doenças como a mancha de ramulária, que provoca a desfolha precoce e o apodrecimento das maçãs, reduzindo a produtividade. Objetivou-se avaliar a severidade da mancha de ramulária e seus efeitos sobre a área foliar e a produtividade de algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental foi constituído em fatorial triplo (4 x 3 x 2), sendo quatro cultivares (FM940GLT, FM944GL, TMG42WS e TMG43WS), três terços da planta (inferior, médio e superior) e duas condições (tratadas e não tratadas com fungicida). Para a variável área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, os menores valores foram verificados no terço superior das cultivares TMG42WS e TMG43WS, sendo o inferior e o médio os mais severos. A condição tratada com fungicida e o terço superior apresentaram os menores valores de área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. A área foliar foi afetada negativamente pela mancha de ramulária. Com relação à produtividade em caroço e pluma, foram observadas as maiores médias para produtividade no terço médio e na condição tratada com fungicida. Não houve diferença estatística para dano à produtividade do algodoeiro.

ABSTRACT Cotton monoculture favors the development of diseases such as ramularia leaf spot, which causes early defoliation and boll rotting, thus decreasing yield. This study aimed at evaluating the severity of ramularia leaf spot and its effects on cotton leaf area and yield. The experiment was conducted in a triple (4 x 3 x 2) factorial design, consisting of four cultivars (FM940GLT, FM944GL, TMG42WS and TMG43WS), three thirds of the plant (lower, middle and upper) and two management conditions (with and without fungicide application). To the variable area under the disease progress curve, the lowest values were observed in the upper third of the TMG42WS and TMG43WS cultivars, with the lower and middle thirds presenting the highest severity. The condition managed with fungicide and the upper third showed the lowest values for area under the disease progress curve. The leaf area was negatively affected by the ramularia leaf spot. Concerning the seed and fiber yields, the highest averages were observed for the middle third and the condition managed with fungicide. There was no statistical difference for cotton yield loss.