Abstract Background: Children and adolescents should be encouraged to participate in sports; however, physicians should screen for cardiac abnormalities that can lead to sudden death. The European Society of Cardiology, the Brazilian Society of Cardiology and the Brazilian Society of Sports Medicine indicate performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) in evaluating athletes, while the American Heart Association indicates complementary exams only when there is a personal or family history of cardiovascular diseases or changes in clinical examination. Objectives: To evaluate the need for an ECG in evaluating children and adolescents before starting physical activities. Methods: We recruited 983 children and adolescents who practiced physical activities for anthropometric assessment, clinical examination and conventional ECG at rest. Variables were analysed using the Goodman test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Participants had a higher incidence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity compared to standard World Health Organization (WHO) values. The most common finding in clinical examination was heart murmur (18.5% of participants). Electrocardiographic changes were found in 3.3% of participants, including paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and pre-excitation syndrome, which may be responsible for sudden death, even in asymptomatic individuals with no personal or family history of heart disease and no abnormality on clinical examination. Conclusions: ECG revealed arrhythmias that were not detected by clinical examination and may precede sudden death in individuals subjected to physical exertion, indicating its role in the assessment of children and adolescents before starting regular physical exercise.

Although analytical techniques to assess the degradation of transformer insulation systems are well established, it is essential to develop fast and effective methodologies for monitoring the quality of power transformer insulating fluid. The objective of this work was to develop a fast, simple, and environmentally friendly method to evaluate and monitor the quality of insulating vegetable oil (IVO) from transformers, using multivariate control chart and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For the development of the method, IVO samples were subjected to electrical and thermal stress, as well as to contact with insulating paper and copper, to simulate the internal environment of a transformer before and after energizing. Control chart based on principal component analysis was developed to monitor insulating vegetable oil quality. It was possible to identify oil samples with oxidation levels that were outside the acceptable quality standards for insulating fluid in transformers. The results demonstrated the potential of FTIR spectroscopy and control charts as fast and simple tools for monitoring the quality of insulating fluids, enabling the identification of oil samples that fail to comply with regulation standards for insulating fluids, assisting in the implementation of maintenance programs for power transformers.

ABSTRACT The use of glufosinate may have different effects on maize, with greater symptoms of injury for technologies with lower expression of the pat gene. As tolerance may vary with technology, it is important to investigate the selectivity of glufosinate in maize hybrids with the pat gene (resistant to insects). The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of glufosinate rates applied in post-emergence, in insect-resistant transgenic maize with the pat gene. The experiment was carried out in Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, in 2020. A randomized block design with a factorial scheme (9x4) was used. The treatments were 9 maize hybrids and 4 glufosinate rates (0, 500, 700 and 1,000 g of active ingredient [ai] ha-1). Injury symptoms, plant height, 1,000-grain mass and yield were evaluated. The results showed that injury increases with increasing glufosinate rates. For plant height and 1,000-grain mass, a significant effect was detected only for hybrids, while there was no effect on yield, even at the highest rates. Glufosinate was selective for insect-resistant maize hybrids with the pat gene, up to the rate of 1,000 g ai ha-1, presenting initial injuries and some differences between maize hybrids. However, there was no impact on yield.

Abstract Biofilm on acrylic resin dental prostheses may cause gingival inflammation. This study evaluated the influence of a silicon dioxide coating layer applied onto acrylic resin on the adhesion of microorganisms. Blocks (5 x 5 x 3 mm) of acrylic resin were evaluated for surface roughness and divided into two groups: control (CG) and coated with silicon dioxide (LG group). The specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (n = 1) and by contact angle analysis (n = 3). For the in situ study, 20 volunteers wore acrylic palatal devices containing three samples from each group (n = 60) for 2 days. The biofilm formed was quantified by metabolic activity and total biomass using the crystal violet assay. The results were subjected to Bartlett’s normality test and Gamma model with random effect for the response variable (α = 5%). The mean contact angle of the coated group was significantly lower than that of the uncoated group (p < 0.05). The metabolic activity of microorganisms in the biofilm on the blocks treated with coating was significantly lower than that of control blocks (p = 0.02). Regarding the amount of extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms, there was no difference between the CG and LG group (p = 0.05). The application of a silicon dioxide coating on acrylic resin reduced the activity of the polymicrobial biofilm formed in situ. This coating may be advantageous for patients with conventional complete dentures or implants made of acrylic resin and who have motor difficulties that prevent them from cleaning their prostheses properly.

RESUMO As restaurações dentárias que são realizadas com resinas compostas apresentam aspecto estético muito satisfatório, com coloração próxima à do dente e propriedades mecânicas aceitáveis. O grande desafio destas resinas é que tenham o mesmo, ou semelhante, desempenho mecânico que o dente original. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as partículas inorgânicas do composto Al2O3-0,5B2O3-SiO2, produzidas pela técnica de spray pirólise (USP) para aplicação em resinas compostas dentárias. A síntese das partículas foi realizada empregando o método sol-gel, com os precursores nitrato de alumínio, ácido bórico e tetraetilortosilicato TEOS com pH da solução de 1,5. A fim de verificar as propriedades das partículas realizou-se caraterização físico-química pelo método de adsorção e dessorção de nitrogênio via BET, análise por MEV, FTIR, DRX, DTA-TGA, RMN e ensaio mecânico de tração. As imagens obtidas por MEV indicaram que as partículas eram esféricas de granulometria média de 1,26 ± 0,04 µm, sendo classificadas como microhíbridas. Pelos difratogramas observou-se característica amorfa, confirmando que o método de síntese aplicado é eficiente para a produção de materiais vítreos. Os testes com resina composta experimental apresentaram taxa de polimerização aceitável (16 e 9%), mas baixa resistência à compressão mecânica: entre 9,55 e 13,27 MPa.

ABSTRACT Dental restorations that are performed with composite resins present a very satisfactory aesthetic appearance, with a color close to that of the tooth and acceptable mechanical properties. The great challenge of these resins is that they have the same, or similar, mechanical performance as the original tooth. The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the inorganic particles of the compound Al2O3-0,5B2O3-SiO2, produced by spray pyrolysis (USP) for application in dental composite resins. The synthesis of the particles was carried out using the sol-gel method, with the precursors aluminum nitrate, boric acid and TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate with a pH of 1.5. In order to verify the properties of the particles, physicochemical characterization was carried out using the nitrogen adsorption and desorption method via BET, analysis by SEM, FTIR, XRD, DTA-TGA, NMR and mechanical tensile testing. The images obtained by SEM indicated that the particles were spherical with a mean granulometry of 1.26 ± 0.04 µm, being classified as microhybrid. From the diffractograms, an amorphous characteristic was observed, confirming that the applied synthesis method is efficient for the production of glassy materials. Tests with experimental composite resin showed an acceptable polymerization rate (16 and 9%), but low mechanical compressive strength: between 9.55 and 13.27 MPa.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are carcinogenic to humans and can be found in Fuller’s earth used for the regeneration of used transformer oil. This work describes a highly selective gas chromatographic-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometric method (GC-MS/SIM) for the simultaneous determination of three Aroclor PCB congener mixtures (1242, 1254, and 1260). The separation of the PCBs could be systematically varied by changing the temperature conditions of the chromatographic column. Methods were first selected from the literature, and the resolution of the PCBs was then optimized by adjusting k* (effective retention), a (selectivity), and N (column efficiency), enabling the detection of 83 PCBs in 35 min. The extract of PCBs from Fuller’s earth was obtained by ultrasonication (employing hexane and acetone as solvents) and cleanup with Florisil and was concentrated to about 500 µL. The ions analyzed in SIM mode were divided into groups according to the similarity (m/z) of the PCB fragmentation profiles. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.64 µg kg-1, respectively. The method developed was used to determine the PCBs present in Fuller’s earth provided by an electric power company. The mean total PCBs concentration was found 1.9 µg kg-1 in Fuller’s earth.

Abstract Acrylic resin has been used in the manufacture of prostheses, however, in the oral cavity, this material starts to retain microorganisms capable of causing gingival inflammation due its porosities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of silicon dioxide as a coating layer applied onto acrylic resin, on the adhesion of Candida albicans (Ca). After the incubation period in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth, a total of 1 ml of the Ca suspension was added to plate wells, each well containing a specimen of acrylic resin. The adhesion ability of Ca on acrylic resin was determined by counting colonies. Three groups (n = 6) of acrylic resin were assessed: with polishing (RP); without polishing (RW); with polishing and coating layer of silicon dioxide (RPC). Ca deposited on the surface of the acrylic resin was also observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Statistical assessment by Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls Method were done (α = 2%). There was significant difference among the groups. The RPC group showed the lowest growth, with an average of 5.59 Log CFU/cm 2 ; there was a statistically significant difference in relation to group RW, which presented a growth of 6.07 Log CFU/cm 2 and to group RP with 5.91 Log CFU/cm 2 (p < 000.1). SEM images demonstrated that in the RP and RPC group, the surface of the resin had greater regularity, and smaller number of microorganisms. The application of silicon dioxide coating on acrylic resin appears to be a promising alternative, and its use can help in reducing the adhesion of Ca in prostheses.

Abstract: The present paper proposes to investigate drawing teaching in the courses offered by the Department of Arts (DEARTES) of Federal University of Paraná, including the courses of Industrial Designand the bachelor’s degrees in Artistic Education, Arts and Design qualifications. The research focus investigates the courses syllabus between 1981 and 1987, in which the drawing disciplines were taught by both DEARTES and the Design Department (DDES), which had different configurations of the drawing concept. This paper is organized into three parts: 1) Interlocutions between the Departments of Arts and Design; 2) Industrial Design, Visual Communication and Design and Plastic Arts syllabus; 3) Prescriptions of drawing teaching and Plastic Arts. To carry out the proposed analysis, the theoretical reference used is based on the concept of figuration by Elias, field by Bourdieu and the contributions on the history of school subjects by Chervel and Goodson. The sources used are official documents, discipline programs and minutes. This allowed the drawing prescriptions analysis that composed the syllabus of the above mentioned courses.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar la enseñanza del dibujo en los cursos ofrecidos por el Departamento de Artes (DEARTES) de la Universidad Federal de Paraná (UFPR), a saber, los cursos de Diseño Industrial y los títulos en Educación Artística que permiten Bellas Artes y Dibujo. El recorte de investigación investiga los planes de estudio vigentes desde 1981 hasta 1987, en los cuales las disciplinas de diseño fueron enseñadas tanto por DEARTES como por el Departamento de Diseño (DDES), que mantuvo diferentes configuraciones de concepción de diseño. La organización del trabajo se divide en tres partes: 1) Interlocuciones entre los Departamentos de Artes y Diseño; 2) Plan de estudios de diseño industrial, comunicación visual y las calificaciones de dibujo y artes plásticas; 3) Prescripciones de dibujo y educación plástica. Para llevar a cabo el análisis propuesto, el marco teórico utilizado se basa en el concepto de figuración de Elias, el campo de Bourdieu y las contribuciones en la historia de las disciplinas de Chervel y Goodson. Las fuentes utilizadas son documentos oficiales, programas temáticos y actas. Esto nos permitió analizar las prescripciones de diseño que conformaban el currículo de los cursos mencionados.

Resumo: O presente artigo se propõe a investigar o ensino de desenho nos cursos oferecidos pelo Departamento de Artes (DEARTES) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), a saber os cursos de desenho industrial e as licenciaturas em educação artística, habilitação artes plásticas e desenho. O recorte da pesquisa investiga os currículos vigentes entre os anos de 1981 a 1987, nos quais as disciplinas de desenho eram ministradas tanto pelo DEARTES como pelo Departamento de Desenho (DDES), que mantinham configurações diferentes sobre a concepção de desenho. A organização do trabalho está dividida em três partes: 1) Interlocuções entre os Departamentos de Artes e Desenho; 2) Currículo de Desenho Industrial, Comunicação Visual e das habilitações de Desenho e Artes Plásticas; 3) Prescrições do ensino de desenho e plástica. Para realizar a análise proposta, o referencial teórico utilizado se vale do conceito de figuração de Elias, campo de Bourdieu e as contribuições sobre a história das disciplinas de Chervel e Goodson. As fontes utilizadas são documentos oficiais, programas de disciplinas e atas. O que permitiu analisar as prescrições sobre o desenho que compunham o currículo dos cursos citados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominoplasty has evolved over the years with improvement of techniques that initially had high complication rates. However, even with the evolution of operative techniques, seroma remains the most frequent early complication of this procedure. This study aims to compare the development of seroma after abdominoplasty with and without the use of quilting sutures. Methods: Twenty patients undergoing abdominoplasty were evaluated and divided into two groups: Group A (abdominoplasty using quilting sutures - Baroudi- Ferreira technique) and Group B (abdominoplasty without the use of quilting sutures). Results: Two patients in Group A (20%) had seroma, which was significantly lower (p = 0.05) than that in Group B, in which seven patients were diagnosed with seroma (70%). The mean volume observed in Group A was 26.5 mL, whereas in Group B, it was 146.5 mL. The highest volume aspirated in Group A was 130 mL, on the 15th postoperative day (POD), whereas in Group B it was 230 mL, on the 21st POD. Conclusion: In this study, the development of seroma in abdominoplasty was significantly lower in the group in which the Baroudi-Ferreira technique was used.

RESUMO Introdução: A cirurgia plástica, em relação à abdominoplastia, evoluiu ao longo dos anos com o aprimoramento de técnicas que inicialmente apresentavam grandes índices de complicações. Porém, mesmo com a evolução das técnicas operatórias, a incidência de seroma pós-operatório se mantém como a complicação precoce mais frequente neste procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a ocorrência de seroma em abdominoplastia com e sem a utilização de pontos de adesão. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 20 pacientes submetidas à abdominoplastia sendo distribuídas em dois grupos: Grupo A (abdominoplastia com utilização de pontos de adesão - Técnica de Baroudi-Ferreira) e Grupo B (abdominoplastia sem utilização de pontos de adesão). Resultados: No Grupo A houve seroma em 2 pacientes (20%), sendo significativamente menor (p = 0,05) do que no Grupo B, no qual foi diagnosticado em 7 pacientes (70%). A média de volume observada no Grupo A foi de 26,5 ml enquanto no Grupo B foi de 146,5 ml. O maior volume aspirado em pacientes do Grupo A foi 130 ml observado no 15º dia pós-operatório (DPO), ao passo que no Grupo B foi de 230 ml no 21º DPO. Conclusão: A ocorrência de seroma em abdominoplastia neste estudo foi significativamente menor no grupo em que foi utilizada a Técnica de Baroudi-Ferreira.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à simpatectomia por videotoracoscopia para tratamento de hiperidrose primária. Métodos: foram avaliados os pacientes submetidos à simpatectomia por videotoracoscopia para tratamento de hiperidrose primária pela equipe de cirurgia torácica do Hospital Universitário Gafrée e Guinle-UNIRIO entre julho de 2004 e agosto de 2013. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à hiperidrose desde o pré-operatório até um ano após a operação. Resultados: o questionário foi aplicado em 122 pacientes com média de idade de 25 anos, sendo 57% mulheres. Quanto à severidade da hiperidrose primária, 83% dos pacientes referiam como pouco tolerável ou intolerável, associada com grande limitação da qualidade de vida, sendo esta pobre ou muito pobre em 82% dos casos. No pós operatório a hiperidrose compensatória ocorreu em 78% dos pacientes, entretanto foi considerada como imperceptível ou pouco perceptível por 85% destes pacientes, classificando-a como aceitável. Em 15% dos pacientes a hiperidrose compensatória foi classificada como perturbadora. Conclusão: a simpatectomia videotoracoscópica melhora a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com hiperidrose primária. A hiperidrose compensatória transitória ocorreu na maioria dos pacientes, mas não alterou de maneira significativa a melhora da qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopy for primary hyperhidrosis. Methods: we evaluated the patients who underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy to treat primary hyperhidrosis by the team of thoracic surgery at the University Hospital Gaffrée and Guinle - UNIRIO between July 2004 and August 2013. It was applied a questionnaire about quality of life related to hyperhidrosis since preoperative period until one year after the surgery. Results: one hundred twenty two patients answered the questionnaire, with a mean age of 25 years, 57% of whom were women. In relation to severity of primary hyperhidrosis, 83% of the patients reported as tolerable or somewhat tolerable associated with major limitation of quality of life, which it was poor or very poor in 82% of cases. Postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis occurred in 78% of patients, but it was regarded as invisible or barely noticeable for 85% of these patients, classifying it as acceptable. In 15% of patients, the compensatory sweating was classified as disruptive. Conclusion: thoracoscopic sympathectomy improves the quality of life of patients with primary hyperhidrosis. The transitional compensatory hyperhidrosis occurred in most patients, but did not improve significantly the quality of life.

RESUMO O canal São Gonçalo liga as lagoas dos Patos e Mirim, no sul do Brasil, possuindo um comprimento de cerca de 70 Km. É importante manancial agrícola para a cultura do arroz irrigado, e urbano, para o município de Rio Grande, com cerca de 250 mil habitantes. Este trabalho visou obter um diagnóstico da qualidade das águas deste manancial, utilizando métricas da comunidade de invertebrados bentônicos (índice de Shannon-Wiener, abundância e riqueza de táxons), e o índice biótico BMWP, avaliação de características físicas e químicas, e aplicação do índice de estado trófico. O índice BMWP geral para o período indicou águas contaminadas ou poluídas, com maiores valores de riqueza e densidade de grupos indicadores de condições alteradas (Sarcodina e Hydracarina). As variáveis analisadas indicam águas eutrofizadas, com valores de clorofila-a característicos de ambientes eutróficos (> 2,9 µg. L-1), baixas taxas N:P tanto na água como no sedimento, indicando limitação por nitrogênio na maioria dos períodos. Estes valores são corroborados pelos escores de índices de estado trófico, que em sua maioria indicaram condições de mesotrofia e eutrofia, atingindo períodos de hipertrofia. Os valores de IET mais elevados ocorreram a jusante do rio Piratini, nas coletas de abril/2009 e fevereiro/2011, atingindo valores de super e hipereutrófico, respectivamente, em períodos coincidentes com drenagem das culturas de arroz irrigado no entorno. Os resultados encontrados relativos às concentrações de nutrientes, estequiometria de nitrogênio e fósforo e índice biótico reforçam a necessidade de avaliações de usos do entorno deste manancial.

ABSTRACT São Gonçalo channel connects Patos and Mirim lagoons, in South Brazil. This ecosystem is 70 Km long, and is a major regional source of urban and agricultural water supply, mainly for the municipality of Rio Grande, with ca. 250 thousand citizens. This study aims to diagnose their water quality by measuring benthic invertebrates (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness and abundance), use of a BMWP biotic index, physical and chemical evaluation, and applying a trophic state index. The BMWP index showed predominance of taxa indicating altered conditions and polluted waters (Sarcodina and Hydracarina). The abiotic variables indicated eutrophicated waters, chlorophyll values characteristic of eutrophic environments (>2.9 µg. L–1), low N:P rates in sediment and water, with nitrogen limitation during most periods studied. The results of trophic state indexes indicated mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions, reaching hipereutrophic periods. The highest TSI were in Piratini river, in April 2009 and February 2011, coinciding with rice crop leaching. These results regarding nutrient concentration, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and biotic index support the need to evaluate the occupation of the surroundings of this water supply.